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The rapid estimation of the layer charges of 2:1 expanding clays from a single alkylammonium ion expansion

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

A. C. Olis ,
P. B. Malla  and
L. A. Douglas
A. C. Olis
Affiliation:
EBASCO Environmental, 160 Chubb Avenue, Lyndhurst, NJ 07071
P. B. Malla
Affiliation:
Materials Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
L. A. Douglas
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
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Abstract

An empirical method to estimate rapidly both mean total layer charge and location of charge in smectites and vermiculites is presented, involving exchange with a long-chain alkylammonium ion before and after the Greene-Kelly test. The method utilizes an empirically determined relationship between XRD basal spacings and the mean layer charges calculated from the conventional n-alkylammonium ion-exchange technique using simple linear regression models to describe the relationships for both monolayer-bilayer and bilayer-pseudotrimolecular layer transitions. The method provides a rapid estimation of these charge parameters and facilitates the proper identification of both smectites and vermiculites consistent with the AIPEA criteria for classification based on total layer charge. It is considered superior to conventional methods of differentiation based mainly on expansion and collapse behaviour.

Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 25 , Issue 1 , March 1990 , pp. 39 - 50
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1990

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