Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T03:57:15.876Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Mixed-layer kaolinite-illite-vermiculite in North Sea shales

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

B. A. Sakharov ,
H. Lindgreen ,
A. L. Salyn  and
V. A. Drits
B. A. Sakharov
Affiliation:
Institute of Geology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevsky per D.7, 109017 Moscow, Russia
H. Lindgreen
Affiliation:
Clay Mineralogical Laboratory, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Thoravej 8, DK2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark
A. L. Salyn
Affiliation:
Institute of Geology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevsky per D.7, 109017 Moscow, Russia
V. A. Drits
Affiliation:
Institute of Geology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevsky per D.7, 109017 Moscow, Russia
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The finest fractions of Upper Jurassic shales from the North Sea and onshore Denmark contain 80–90% of an illite-smectite-vermiculite (I-S-V) mixed-layer mineral and, in addition a phase which has X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks at 7.20–7.26 Å and 3.56–3.58 Å in air- dried and glycolated specimens. This phase may be a fine kaolinite with a small thickness of coherent scattering domains (CSDs) or alternatively a mixed-layer mineral which has kaolinite as the dominant component. For one sample from the Norwegian well 9/4-3, these alternatives are investigated using the multi-specimen method by which agreement between the experimental pattern and the pattern calculated for one and the same structure is obtained for each of several specimens saturated with different cations and with/without glycolation. It is demonstrated that the modelled XRD patterns for a kaolinite-illite-vermiculite (K-I-V) structure having 0.94 kaolinite, 0.03 illite and 0.03 vermiculite layers and random alternation fit the experimental patterns.

Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 34 , Issue 2 , June 1999 , pp. 333 - 344
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1999

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bish, D.L. (1993) Rietveld refinement of the kaolinite structure at 1.5 K. Clays Clay Miner. 41, 738–744.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bogolyobova, L.I., Drits, V.A., Sakharov, B.A., Sokolova, A.L. & Chernyakhovskiy, A.G. (1974) Mixed-layer kaolinite-montmorillonite from a weathering crust in Transcaucasia. Litol. Polezn. Mop. 9, 127–133 (in Russian).Google Scholar
Brindley, G.W., Suzuki, T. & Thiry, M. (1983) Interstratified kaolinite/smectites from the Paris Basin; correlations of layer proportions, chemical compositions and other data. Bull. Mineral. 106, 403–410.Google Scholar
Cradwick, P.D. & Wilson, M.J. (1972) Calculated X-ray diffraction profiles for interstratified kaolinite-montmorillonite. Clay Miner. 9, 395–405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Djakonov, Yu.S. & Kulikov, G.V. (1975) Structural and genetic characteristics of kaolinite-montmorillonite from weathered effusives (North Kazakhstan). Litol. Polezn. Mop 3, 32–43 (in Russian).Google Scholar
Drits, V.A. & Sakharov, B.A. (1976) X-ray Analysis of Mixed-layer Minerals. Nauka, Moscow (in Russian).Google Scholar
Drits, V.A. & Tchoubar, C. (1990) X-ray Diffraction by Disordered Lamellar Structures. Springer Verlag, Berlin.Google Scholar
Drits, V.A., Salyn, A.L. & Sucha, V. (1996) Structural transformations of interstratified illite-smectites from Dolná Ves hydrothermal deposits: dynamics and mechanisms. Clays Clay Miner. 44, 181–190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drits, V.A., Środoń, J. & Eberl, D.D. (1997b) XRD measurements of mean illite crystallite thickness: reappraisal of the Kubler index and the Scherrer equation. Clays Clay Miner. 45, 461–475.Google Scholar
Drits, V.A., Sakharov, B.A., Lindgreen, H. & Salyn, A. (1997a) Sequential structure transformation of illitesmectite- vermiculite during diagenesis in Upper Jurassic shales from the North Sea and onshore Denmark. Clay Miner. 32, 173–193.Google Scholar
Drits, V.A., Weber, F., Salyn, A.L. & Tsipursky, S. (1993) X-ray identification of one-layer illite varieties: application to the study of illites around uranium deposits. Clays Clay Miner. 41, 389–398.Google Scholar
Hansen, P.L. & Lindgreen, H. (1989) Mixed-layer illite/ smectite diagenesis in Upper Jurassic claystones from the North Sea and onshore Denmark. Clay Miner. 24, 197–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hughes, R.E., DeMaris, P.J., White, W.A. & Cowin, D.K. (1987) Origin of clay minerals in Pennsylvanian strata of the Illinois Basin. Proc. Int. Clay Conf., Denver, 97-104.Google Scholar
Lindgreen, H.L. & Hansen, P.L. (1991) Ordering of illitesmectite in the Upper Jurassic claystones from the North Sea. Clay Miner. 26, 105–125.Google Scholar
Lindgreen, H., Jacobsen, H. & Jakobsen, H.J. (1991) Diagenetic structural transformations in North Sea Jurassic illite/smectite. Clays Clay Miner. 39, 54–69.Google Scholar
Lindgreen, H., Garnajs, J., Besenbacher, F., Lajgsgaard, E. & Stensgaard, I. (1992) Illite-smectite from the North Sea investigated by scanning tunnelling microscopy. Clay Miner. 27, 331–342.Google Scholar
Moore, D.M. & Reynolds, R.C. (1989) X-ray Diffraction and the Identification and Analysis of Clay Minerals, pp. 321-322. Oxford University Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Reynolds, R.C. (1980) Interstratified clay minerals. Pp. 249-305 in: Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals and their X-ray Identification. (Brindley, G.W. & Brown, G., editors). Mineralogical Society, London.Google Scholar
Reynolds, R.C. (1986) The Lorenz-polarization factor and preferred orientation in oriented clay aggregates. Clays Clay Miner. 34, 359–367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sakharov, B.A. & Drits, V.A. (1973) Mixed-layer kaolinite-montmorillonite. Clays Clay Miner. 21, 15–17.Google Scholar
Sakharov, B.A., Gilan, Z.I. & Drits, V.A. (1981) Structure characteristics of three component mixed-layer minerals. Litol. Polezn. Iskop. 3, 136–142 (in Russian).Google Scholar
Schultz, L.G., Shepard, A.O., Blackmon, P.D. & Starkey, H.C. (1971) Mixed-layer kaolinite-montmorillonite from the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico. Clays Clay Miner. 19, 137–150.Google Scholar
Shimoyama, A., Johns, W.D. & Sudo, T. (1966) Montmorillonite-kaolin clay in acid clay deposits from Japan. Proc. Int. Clay Conf, Jerusalem, 1, 225–231.Google Scholar
Sudo, T. & Hayashi, H. (1956) Types of mixed-layer minerals from Japan. Clays Clay Miner. 4, 389–412.Google Scholar
Wiewiora, A. (1971) A mixed-layer kaolinite-smectite from Lower Silesia, Poland. Clays Clay Miner. 19, 54–69. 415-416.Google Scholar