Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T15:47:18.686Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Microstructure and properties of stoneware clay bodies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

A. J. Flynn  and
Z. H. Stachurski
A. J. Flynn
Affiliation:
Department of Engineering, FEIT, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT0200, Australia
Z. H. Stachurski
Affiliation:
Department of Engineering, FEIT, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT0200, Australia
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Raw clay materials manufactured for stoneware use are typically compounds of kaolins, silicas and feldspars. Two stoneware clay materials examined here were chosen because each is representative of the range of manufactured clay bodies. Samples were fired in an oxidizing atmosphere to a range of temperatures between ∼1000 and 1300°C. Sample dimensions, density, porosity and mechanical properties under compression were measured as a function of firing temperature. Thin sections, showing particles and their relationship to pore/void structures, were prepared, recorded under scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and analysed. The observed changes in microstructure can be related to previously described metamorphic and micro-eutectic reactions and a gradual sintering process. Indications of changes to apparent porosity are further amplified by measured changes of mechanical properties. The modulus of elasticity increases with reduction in porosity to a point at which porosity ceases to be the principal determining factor. The critical Griffith's crack length, calculated from fracture-strength measurement, exhibits a similar trend. The onset of these changes coincides with a significant increase in sealed porosity and with the microstructural metamorphosis as revealed by SEM.

Keywords

kaolinsilicafeldsparporositymicrostructureelastic moduluscompressive strength
Type
Research papers
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 41 , Issue 3 , September 2006 , pp. 775 - 789
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ashby, M.F. & Hallam, S.D. (1986) The failure of brittle solids containing small cracks under compressive stress states. Acta Metallurgica. 34, 497–510.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bauluz, B., Mayayo, M.J., Yuste, A., Fernandez-Nieto, C. & Gonzalez Lopez, J.M. (2004) TEM study of mineral transformations in fired carbonated clays: relevance to brick making. Clay Minerals. 39, 333–344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brandt, R.C. Hasselman, D.P.H. & Lange, F.F. (eds) (1978) Fracture Mechanics of Ceramics. Vol. 4, Plenum Press, New York.Google Scholar
Brindley, G.W. & Lemaitre, J. (1987) Thermal, oxidation and reduction reactions of clay minerals. Pp. 319–370 in: Chemistry of Clays and Clay Mineral. (Newman, A.C.D., editor). Monograph No. 6, Mineralogical Society, London.Google Scholar
Chi, M.A. (1996) The ultra-structure of kaolin. PhD thesis, Australian National University, Menzies Library, Canberra.Google Scholar
Deer, W.A., Howie, R.A. & Zussman, J. (1992) An Introduction to the Rock-Forming Minerals. Longman Scientific & Technical, London.Google Scholar
Heaney, P.J., Prewitt, C.T. & Gibbs, G.V., editors (1995) Silica: Physical Behaviour, Geochemistry and Materials Applications. Reviews in Mineralogy, 29, Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, D.C. Google Scholar
Helmuth, R.A. & Turk, D.H. (1966) Highway Research Board. National Research Council (US) Special Report 90, 135–141.Google Scholar
Holliday, L. (1967) Composite Materials. Elsevier, London, p. 16.Google Scholar
Jumikis, A.R. (1983) Rock Mechanics. Trans Tech Publications, New Jersey, p. 94.Google Scholar
Kendal, K. (1978) Complexities of compression failure. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A362, 245–263.Google Scholar
Kingery, W.D., Bowden, H.K. & Uhlmann, D.R. (1976) Introduction to Ceramics. 2nd edition. John Wiley & Sons, New York.Google Scholar
Kunori, T. & Geil, P.H. (1980) Morphology-property relationships in polycarbonate-based blends: I. Modulus. Journal of Macromolecular Science — Physics. B18(l), 118–175.Google Scholar
Menendez, B., Zhu, W. & Wong, T.-F. (1996) Micromechanics of brittle faulting and cataclastic flow in Berea sandstone. Journal of Structural Geology. 18, 116.Google Scholar
Orton, E. Jr., Ceramic Foundation (1994) The use of pyrometric cones. Westerville, Ohio, USA. Interceram. 43(2), 107.Google Scholar
Sammis, C.G. & Ashby, M.F. (1986) The failure of brittle porous solids under compressive stress states. Acta Metallurgica. 34, 511–526.Google Scholar
Singer, F.S. & Singer, S.S. (1971) Industrial Ceramic. Chapman & Hall, London.Google Scholar
Smith, J.V. & Brown, W.L. (1988) Feldspar Minerals: Crystal Structures, Physical, Chemical and Microtextural Properties. Vol. 1, Chapter 12, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sosman, R.B. (1965) The Phases of Silica. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, Canada, p. 11.Google Scholar
Wyatt, O.H. & Dew-Hughes, D. (1974) Metals, Ceramics and Polymers. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, p. 227.Google Scholar
Zhang, S., Patterson, M.S. & Cox, S.F. (1994) Porosity and permeability evolution during hot isostatic pressing of calcite aggregates. Journal of Geophysical Research. 99/B8, 15,741–15,760.Google Scholar