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Iron in Hydrothermal Clays from the Galapagos Spreading Centre Mounds: Consequences for the Clay Transition Mechanism

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

M. D. Buatier ,
K. Ouyang  and
J. P. Sanchez
M. D. Buatier
Affiliation:
Université Lille 1, U.F.R. des Sciences de la Terre, Lab. de Dynamique sédimentaire et structurale, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq
K. Ouyang
Affiliation:
Institut de Physique et Chimie des Materiaux et Centre de Recherche Nucléaire, 23 rue du Loess, 67037 Strasbourg cedex, France
J. P. Sanchez
Affiliation:
Institut de Physique et Chimie des Materiaux et Centre de Recherche Nucléaire, 23 rue du Loess, 67037 Strasbourg cedex, France
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Abstract

Glauconite and Fe-smectite, which can be distinguished by their peculiar morphology and stacking sequences, coexist in the Galapagos Spreading Centre hydrothermal mounds. Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) data suggest that Fe is entirely in octahedral sites in Fe-smectite whereas glauconite is K-rich with Fe in tetrahedral and octahedral sites. However, the Mossbauer spectra, recorded at various temperatures for samples containing both smectite and glauconite, were satisfactorily analysed with three overlapping doublets corresponding to Fe in octahedral sites. The contradictory results obtained with the two methods are explained by the presence of small particles of iron oxide intimately associated with glauconite. These particles were detected in Mossbauer spectra obtained at 77 K and 4·2 K and were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Iron oxide is a secondary phase formed by alteration of smectite. These data are in good agreement with the hypothesis that the smectite-glauconite reaction, which occurs at 30 m and low temperature in the Galapagos hydrothermal mounds, is a dissolution-precipitation process, dissolution of Fe-rich smectite being followed by precipitation of glauconite and iron oxides.

Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 28 , Issue 4 , December 1993 , pp. 641 - 655
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1993

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