Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T16:06:29.543Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Distribution of manganese in synthetic goethite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

U. G. Gasser ,
R. Nüesch ,
M. J. Singer  and
E. Jeanroy
U. G. Gasser
Affiliation:
College of Engineering, Im Grüntal, CH 8820 Wädenswil
R. Nüesch
Affiliation:
Department of Materials, Institute of Polymers, ETH, CH 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
M. J. Singer
Affiliation:
Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8627 USA
E. Jeanroy
Affiliation:
Centre de Pédologie Biologique, U.P.R. 6831 du CNRS, associée à l'Université Henri Poincaré, BP 5, F 54501 Vandæuvre-lès-Nancy, France
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A series of Mn-goethites was synthesized at highly alkaline conditions. The samples were aged for 15 days at a final [KOH] of 0.3 M. Products were washed free from non-goethite phases using 3 M H2SO4. The bulk mineralogy of the samples was determined by X-ray diffraction and verified on selected individual crystals by electron diffraction. The samples had a relatively low magnetic susceptibility (300≤MS≤400×10-9 m3/kg). As revealed by total acid dissolution, the Mn mole fraction XMn ranged from zero to 0.125. Five samples (XMn: 0.025, 0.050, 0.077, 0.099, 0.125) were selected to investigate the variability of the XMn value in single goethite needles (crystals) by analytical electron microscopy (AEM) using rastered and spot analyses. Linear regressions of both as a function of total Mn yielded unit slopes and zero intercepts, indicating that acid dissolution gave the same results as AEM. Spot AEM, however, revealed significant variation of Mn distribution within individual crystals which argues in favour of Mn zoning in goethite. Inhomogeneous transformation of ferrihydrite to goethite may partly explain the Mn zoning.

Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 34 , Issue 2 , June 1999 , pp. 291 - 299
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1999

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bloss, D.F. (1971) Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry. Holt, Rinehart & Winston, Inc. New York.Google Scholar
Cornell, R.M & Giovanoli, R. (1987) Effect of manganese on the transformation of ferrihydrite into goethite in alkaline media. Clays Clay Miner. 35, 11–20.Google Scholar
Cornell, R.M. & Schwertmann, U. (1996) Iron Oxides. VCH, Weinheim.Google Scholar
Ebinger, M.H. & Schulze, D.G. (1989) Mn-substituted goethite and Fe-substituted groutite synthesized at acidpH. Clays Clay Miner. 37, 151–156.Google Scholar
Ebinger, M.H. & Schulze, D.G. (1990) The influence of pH on the synthesis of mixed Fe-Mn oxide minerals. Clay Miner. 25, 507–518.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gasser, U.G., Jeanroy, E., Mustin C, Barres, O., Nüesch, R., Berthelin, J. & Herbillon, A.J. (1996) Properties of synthetic goethites with Co for Fe substitution. Clay Miner. 31, 465–476.Google Scholar
Gerth, J. (1990) Unit cell dimensions of pure and trace metal-associated goethites. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 54, 363–371.Google Scholar
Gharibi, E., Jeannot, F., Dupré, B. & Gleitzer, C. (1990) Influence of aluminium on the reduction of hematite into magnetite. Kinetic and morphological study. Rev. Métall: Mém. Etudes Scientif. 87, 86–91.Google Scholar
Giovanoli, R. & Cornell, R.M. (1992) Crystallization of metal substituted ferrihydrites. Z. Pflanzenernahr. Bodenk. 155, 455–460.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Junta, J.L. & Hochella, M.F. (1994) Manganese(II) oxidation at mineral surfaces: a microscopic and spetroscopic study. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 58, 4985–4999.Google Scholar
Krishnan, K.M. & Echer, C.J. (1987) Determination of UTW Kxsi factors for low-atomic-number microanalysis: a systematic approach. Pp. 99-102 in: Analytical Electron Microscopy — 1987 (Joy, D.C., editor). San Francisco Press, CA.Google Scholar
Lewis, D.G. & Schwertmann, U. (1979) The influence of aluminum on the formation of iron oxides. IV. The influence of [Al], [OH], and temperature. Clays Clay Miner. 27, 195–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lim-Nunez, R. & Gilkes, R.J. (1987) Acid dissolution of synthetic metal containing goethites and hematites. Proc. Int. Clay Conf., Denver, 197-204. (Schultz, L.G. et al, editors).Google Scholar
NCEM (1993) NCEM users’ guide. National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA.Google Scholar
O'Mahony, M. (1986) Sensory Evaluation of Food. Marcel Dekker, New York.Google Scholar
Rosier, H.J. (1983) Lehrbuch der Mineralogie. VEB Grundstoffmdustrie. Leipzig.Google Scholar
Schwertmann, U. (1984) The double dehydroxylation peak of goethite. Thermochim. Acta, 78, 39–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwertmann, U. & Cornell, R.M. (1991) Iron Oxides in the Laboratory. VCH, Weinheim.Google Scholar
Schwertmann, U. & Pfab, G. (1994) Structural vanadium in synthetic goethites. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 58, 4349–4352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwertmann, U. & Taylor, R.M. (1989) Iron oxides. Pp. 380-438 in: Minerals in Soil Environments (Dixon, J.B. & Weed, S.B., Editors). Soil Sci. Soc. Am., Madison, WI.Google Scholar
Schwertmann, U., Gasser, U. & Sticher, H. (1989) Chromium-for-iron substitution in synthetic goethites. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 53, 1293–1297.Google Scholar
Schulze, D.G. (1982) The identification of iron oxides by differential X-ray diffraction and the influence of aluminum substitution on the structure of goethite. PhD thesis, Tech. Univ. Miinchen, Germany.Google Scholar
Shannon, R.D. (1976) Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides. Acta Crystallogr. A32, 751–767.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sherman, D.M. (1984) The electronic structure of manganese oxide minerals. Am. Miner. 69, 788–799.Google Scholar
Steel, R.G.D. & Torrie, J.H. (1980) Principles and Procedures of Statistics. McGraw-Hill, New York.Google Scholar
Stiers, W. & Schwertmann, U. (1985) Evidence for manganese substitution in synthetic goethite. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 49, 1909–1911.Google Scholar
Torrent, J., Schwertmann, U. & Barron, V. (1987) The reductive dissolution of synthetic goethite and hematite in dithionite. Clay Miner. 11, 329-337.Google Scholar
Vempati, R.K., Morris, R.V., Lauer, H.V.J. & Helmke, P.A. (1995) Reflectivity and other physicochemical properties of Mn-substituted goethites and hematites. J. Geophy. Res. 100E2, 3285–3295.Google Scholar
Williams, D.B. & Carter, C.B. (1996) Transmission Electron Microscopy. Plenum Press, New York.Google Scholar
Zoltai, T. & Stout, J.H. (1984) Mineralogy: Concepts and Principles. Burgess Publ. Company, Minneapolis, MN.Google Scholar