Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T16:41:13.273Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Characterization of the expandable clays formed from kaolinite at 200ºC

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

M. Bentabol ,
M. D. Ruiz Cruz ,
F. J. Huertas  and
J. Linares
M. Bentabol*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Cristalografía y Mineralogía, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga
M. D. Ruiz Cruz
Affiliation:
Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Cristalografía y Mineralogía, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga
F. J. Huertas
Affiliation:
Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Prof., Albareda1, 18008, GranadaSpain
J. Linares
Affiliation:
Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Prof., Albareda1, 18008, GranadaSpain
*
*E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The hydrothermal reaction of kaolinite in the system Na2O-K2O-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2- H2O-HCl, at near-neutral pH conditions, has been investigated at 200ºC, for times from 12 h to 180 days. X-ray diffraction (XRD) study of the solid products indicates that the phases formed from 15 days’ reaction time are randomly ordered mixed-layer chlorite-smectite, dioctahedral on average, with a chlorite:smectite ratio of ∼1:2. No structural evolution was observed with increasing reaction time. Investigation by transmission electron microscopy revealed, on the contrary, that very thin packets with basal spacing of either 10 Å (smectite) or 14 Å (chlorite) are dominant. In addition, packets with periodicities of 12 –13 Å are also observed. Only rarely, randomly to ordered sequences of 10 and 14 Å are observed in the packets. These observations indicate that the mixture of these phases behaves in XRD as randomly ordered mixed-layer chlorite-smectite. Chemical analysis of the solutions suggests that the neo-formed phases are metastable and would evolve, at longer reaction times, toward ordered mixed-layer chlorite-smectite or to clinochlore.

Keywords

hydrothermal synthesischlorite, kaoliniteillitemixed-layermineralssmectitevermiculite
Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 38 , Issue 4 , December 2003 , pp. 445 - 458
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2003

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bauer, A., Velde, B. & Berger, G. (1998) Kaolinite transformatio n in high molar KOH solutions. Applied Geochemistry, 5, 619–629.Google Scholar
Bentabol, M., Ruiz Cruz, M.D., Huertas, F.J. & Linares, J. (2003a) Hydrothermal transformation of kaolinite to illite at 200ºC. Clay Minerals, 38, 161–172.Google Scholar
Bentabol, M., Ruiz Cruz, M.D., Huertas, F.J. & Linares, J. (2003b) Hydrothermal transformation of kaolinite into 2:1 expandable minerals. Proceedings of the International Clay Conference, Bahía Blanca, Argentina, pp. 403 – 410.Google Scholar
Boles, J.R. & Franks, S.G. (1979) Clay diagenesis in Wilcox sandstones of Southwest Texas: Implications of smectite diagenesis on sandstone cementation. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 49, 55–70.Google Scholar
Brigatti, M.F. & Poppi, L. (1984) Crystal chemistry of corrensite: A review. Clays and Clay Minerals, 32, 391–399.Google Scholar
Chaterjee, N.D. (1973) Low-temperature compatibility reactions of the assemblage quartz-paragonite and the thermodynamic status of the phase rectorite. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 42, 259–271.Google Scholar
Dunoyer de Segonzac, G. (1970) The transformation of clay minerals during diagenesis and low-grade metamorphism: a review. Sedimentol ogy, 15, 281–326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ehrenberg, S.N. & Nadeau, P.H. (1989) Formation of diagenetic illite in sandstones of the Gran formation, Haltenbanken area, mid-Norwegian continental shelf. Clay Minerals, 24, 233–253.Google Scholar
Frank- Kamenetskii, V.A., Goilo, E.A., Kotov, N.V. & Rieder, M. (1990) Structural transformations of kaolins into (Ni, Al) serpentine-like phases and subsequently into trioctahedral micas under hydrothermal conditions. Clay Minerals, 25, 121–125.Google Scholar
Frey, M. (1987) Very low-grade metamorphism of clastic sedimentary rocks. Pp. 9 –58 in. Low-temperature Metamorphism (M. Frey, editor). Blackie & Son Ltd, Glasgow, UK.Google Scholar
González Jesús, J., Huertas, F.J., Linares, J. & Ruiz Cruz, M.D. (2000) Textural and structural transformations of kaolinites in aqueous solutions at 200ºC. Applied Clay Science, 17, 245–263.Google Scholar
Huang, W.-L. (1993) The formation of illitic clays from kaolinite in KOH solution from 225ºC to 350ºC. Clays and Clay Minerals, 41, 645–654.Google Scholar
Hutcheon, I., Oldershaw, A. & Ghent, E.A. (1980) Diagene sis of Cretaceous sandston es of the Kootenay formation at Elk Valley (Southeastern British Columbia) and Mt Allan (Southwestern Alberta). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 44, 1425–1435.Google Scholar
Ichikawa, A. & Shimoda, S. (1976) Tosudite from the Hokuno Mine, Hokuno, Gifu prefecture, Japan. Clays and Clay Minerals, 24, 142–148.Google Scholar
Iijima, A. & Matsumoto, R. (1982) Berthierine and chamosite in coal measures of Japan. Clays and Clay Minerals, 30, 264–274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kharaka, Y.K., Gunter, W.D., Aggarwal, P.K., Perkin, E.H. & De Braal, J.D. (1988) SOLMINEQ.88: A computer program for geochemical modelling of water-rock interaction. US Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigation Report 88-4227. Washington, 420 pp.Google Scholar
Lorimer, G.W. & Cliff, G. (1976) Analytical electron microscopy of minerals. Pp. 506 –519 in. Electron Microscopy in Mineralogy (Wenk., H.R. editor). Springer-Verlag, New York. Google Scholar
Muffler, L.J.P. & White, D.E. (1969) Active metamorphism of Upper Cenozoic sediments in the Salton Sea geothermal field and the Salton Trough, Southeast California. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 80, 157– 182.Google Scholar
Newman, A.C.D. & Brown, G. (1987) The chemical constitution of clays. Pp. 1– 128.in. Chemistry of Clays and Clay Minerals (Newman., A.C.D. editor). Mineralogical Society, London.Google Scholar
Reynolds, R.C. Jr., & Reynolds, R.C. III (1996) NEWMOD for Windows. The calculation of onedimensional X-ray diffraction patterns of mixedlayered clay minerals. 8 Brook Road, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA.Google Scholar
Roberson, H.E., Reynolds, R.C. Jr., & Henkins, D.M. (1999) Hydrothermal synthesis of corrensite: A study of the transformation of saponite to corrensite. Clays and Clay Minerals, 47, 212–218.Google Scholar
Ruiz Cruz, M.D. & Andreo, B. (1996) Tosudite in very low-grade metamorphi c greywackes from the Málaga area (Betic Cordilleras, Spain). European Journal of Mineralogy, 8, 1391–1399.Google Scholar
Siefert, K. (1970) Low-temperature compatibility relations of cordierite in haplopelites of the system K2O-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O. Journal of Petrology, 11, 73–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Velde, B. (1973) Phase equilibrium in the system MgO-Al2O2- SiO2-H2O. Mineralogical Magazine, 39, 297– 312.Google Scholar
Velde, B. (1985) Clay Minerals: a Physico-chemical Explanation of their Occurrence. Developments in Sedimentology, 40. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 427 pp.Google Scholar
Wolery, T.J. (1992) EQ3/6, a software package for geochemical modell ing of aqueou s systems (Vers ion 7). Laurence Live rmore Nationa l Laboratory, CA. UCRL-MA-110662.Google Scholar