Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-f46jp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-11T02:10:56.739Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The acid-leaching process and structural changes of lizardite, chlorite and talc in sulfuric acid medium

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 January 2025

Dingran Zhao ,
Hongjuan Sun ,
Tongjiang Peng ,
Li Zeng  and
Mengji Wu
Dingran Zhao
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China Institute of Mineral Materials and Applications, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
Hongjuan Sun*
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China Institute of Mineral Materials and Applications, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
Tongjiang Peng
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China Institute of Mineral Materials and Applications, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
Li Zeng
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China Institute of Mineral Materials and Applications, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
Mengji Wu
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China Institute of Mineral Materials and Applications, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
*
Corresponding author: Hongjuan Sun; Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Trioctahedral phyllosilicate minerals are widely distributed on the Earth’s surface, especially in soil. The mineral–water interfacial reaction of lizardite, chlorite and talc, with various structural properties (tetrahedral sheet, octahedral sheet, 1:1-type and 2:1-type interlayer domain/two-dimensional structural units), was carried out in sulfuric acid solution (1 mol L–1). The mineral samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The dissolution concentration, dissolution rate, dissolution rules and structural changes of the components during the dissolution processes of the various two-dimensional structural units were studied. The results show that the dissolution concentrations of Si and Mg in the sulfuric acid solution decrease in the following order: chlorite > lizardite > talc and lizardite > chlorite > talc. The dissolution rates of Si in chlorite and Mg in lizardite are the greatest, while talc is the most stable compared with lizardite and chlorite. With increasing interfacial reaction time and the dissolution of the ionic components of the minerals, the structure of lizardite is gradually destroyed; the structural destruction of chlorite is more obvious during the early stages of the reaction; and the structure of talc does not significantly change over the course of the entire reaction. By analysing the microtopography of the minerals, it was found that the structural failure of lizardite occurred from the surface to the interior. Chlorite had more structural defects and showed collapse of the layered structure during structural failure. The surface layer of talc decomposed by corrosion into a small lamellae structure attached to the surface, but there was no obvious structural change similar to those of lizardite and chlorite. The relationship between the evolution of composition and structure during the mineral–water interfacial reaction process with the two-dimensional structure layer type provides the mineralogical basis for studying the coupling mechanism of the migration and transformation of materials in key regions of the Earth.

Keywords

Chloriteionic dissolutionlizarditemineral–water interfacial reactionsstructural changestalc
Type
Article
Information
Clay Minerals , First View , pp. 1 - 12
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Mineralogical Society of the United Kingdom and Ireland.

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Barnhisel, R.I. & Bertsch, P.M. (1989) Chlorites and hydroxy interlayered vermiculite and smectite. Pp. 729–788 in: Minerals in Soil Environments (Dixon, J. & Weed, S., editors). Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, USA.Google Scholar
Beglaryan, H., Isahakyan, A., Zulumyan, N., Melikyan, S. & Terzyan, A. (2023) A study of magnesium dissolution from serpentinites composed of different serpentine group minerals. Minerals Engineering, 201, .CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bibi, I., Singh, B. & Silvester, E. (2011) Dissolution of illite in saline-acidic solutions at 25 ℃. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 75, 3237–3249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bo, F., Lu, Y. & Feng, Q. (2013) Mechanisms of surface charge development of serpentine mineral. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 23, 1123–1128.Google Scholar
Brigatti, M.F., Galan, E. & Theng, B.K.G. (2013) Structure and mineralogy of clay minerals. Developments in Clay Science, 5, 21–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caruso, L.J. & Chernosky, J.V. (1979) The stability of lizardite. Canadian Mineralogist, 17, 757–769.Google Scholar
Chen, M., Wang, C., Shi, Q., Hu, H., Zhang, Q. & Li, Z. (2023) Enhanced simultaneous CO2 mineralization and cadmium immobilization in a wide pH range by using ball-milled serpentine. Chemical Engineering Journal, 474, .CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cuadros, J., & Dudek, T. (2006) FTIR investigation of the evolution of the octahedral sheet of kaolinite–smectite with progressive kaolinization. Clays and Clay Minerals, 54, 1–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, B.W., Hattori, K. & Baronnet, A. (2013) Serpentinite: what, why, where? Elements, 9, 99–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fuchs, Y., Linares, J. & Mellini, M. (1998) Mossbauer and infrared spectrometry of lizardite-1T from Monte Fico, Elba. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 26, CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galí, S., Soler, J.M., Proenza, J.A., Lewis, J.F., Cama, J. & Tauler, E. (2012) Ni enrichment and stability of Al-free garnierite solid-solutions: a thermodynamic approach. Clays and Clay Minerals, 60, 121–135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ganor, J., Mogollon, J.L. & Lasaga, A.C. (1999) Kinetics of gibbsite dissolution under low ionic strength conditions. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 63, 1635–1651.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gao, J., Li, X., Cheng, G., Luo, H. & Zhu, H. (2023) Structural evolution and characterization of organic-rich shale from macroscopic to microscopic resolution: the significance of tectonic activity. Advances in Geo-Energy Research, 10, 84–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gazze, S.A., Stack, A.G., Ragnarsdottir, K.V. & Mcmaster, T.J. (2014) Chlorite topography and dissolution of the interlayer studied with atomic force microscopy. American Mineralogist, 99, 128–138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grobéty, B. (2003) Polytypes and higher-order structures of antigorite: a TEM study. American Mineralogist, 88, 27–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamer, M., Graham, R.C., Amrhein, C. & Bozhilov, K.N. (2003) Dissolution of ripidolite (Mg, Fe‐chlorite) in organic and inorganic acid solutions. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 67, 654–661.Google Scholar
Hao, W., Flynn, L.S., Kashiwabara, T., Alam, M.S., Bandara, S., Swaren, L. et al. (2019) The impact of ionic strength on the proton reactivity of clay minerals. Chemical Geology, 529, .CrossRefGoogle Scholar
He, H., Cao, J. & Duan, N. (2019) Defects and their behaviors in mineral dissolution under water environment: a review. Science of the Total Environment, 651, 2208–2217.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
He, H., Guo, J., Xie, X., Lin, H. & Li, L. (2002) A microstructural study of acid-activated montmorillonite from Choushan, China. Clay Minerals, 37, 337–344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
He, Z.Y., Zhang, Z.Y., Yu, J.X., Xu, Z.G. & Chi, R.A. (2016) Process optimization of rare earth and aluminum leaching from weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore with compound ammonium salts. Rare Earths, 34, 413–419.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hegyesi, N., Pongráccz, S., Vad, R.T. & Pukánszky, B. (2020) Coupling of PMMA to the surface of a layered silicate by intercalative polymerization: processes, structure and properties. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 601, .CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heller-Kallai, L. & Rozenson, I. (1981) Mössbauer studies of palygorskite and some aspects of palygorskite mineralogy. Clays and Clay Minerals, 29, 226–232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holdren, G.R. & Speyer, P.M. (1985) pH dependent changes in the rates and stoichiometry of dissolution of an alkali feldspar at room temperature. American Journal of Science, 285, 994–1026.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jurinski, J.B. & Rimstidt, J.D. (2001) Biodurability of talc. American Mineralogist, 86, 392–399.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kalinowski, B.E. & Schweda, P. (2007) Rates and nonstoichiometry of vermiculite dissolution at 22℃. Geoderma, 142, 197–209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knauss, K.G. & Wolery, T.J. (1988) The dissolution kinetics of quartz as a function of pH and time at 70 ℃. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52, 43–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kubicki, J.D., Blake, G.A. & Apitz, S.E. (1996) Ab initio calculations on aluminosilicate Q3 species: implications for atomic structures of mineral surfaces and dissolution mechanisms of feldspars. American Mineralogist, 81, 789–799.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lacinska, A.M., Styles, M.T., Bateman, K., Wagner, D., Hall, M.R., Gowing, C. & Paul, D.B. (2016) Acid-dissolution of antigorite, chrysotile and lizardite for ex situ carbon capture and storage by mineralization. Chemical Geology, 437, 153–169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, R., Yang, C., Ke, D. & Liu, C. (2020) The scaling of mineral dissolution rates under complex flow condition. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 274, 63–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liao, R., Chen, W., Wang, N. & Zhang, J. (2021) Combined effects of temperature, mineral type, and surface roughness on chlorite dissolution kinetics in the acidic pH. Applied Clay Science, 201, .CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, W., Peng, X., Liu, W., Zhang, N. & Wang, X. (2022) A cost-effective approach to recycle serpentine tailings: Destruction of stable layered structure and solvent displacement crystallization. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 32, 595–603.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Madejová, J. (2003) FTIR techniques in clay mineral studies. Vibrational Spectroscopy, 31, 1–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Madejová, J., Bujdák, J., Janek, M. & Komadel, P. (1998) Comparative FTIR study of structural modifications during acid treatment of dioctahedral smectites and hectorite. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 54, 1397–1406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mellini, M. (1982) The crystal structure of lizardite 1T: hydrogen bonds and polytypism. American Mineralogist, 67, 587–598.Google Scholar
Mellini, M. & Zanazzi, P.F. (1987) Crystal structures of lizardite 1T and lizardite-2H1 from Coli, Italy. American Mineralogist, 72, 943–948.Google Scholar
Meng, J., Liu, X., Li, B., Zhang, J., Hu, D., Chen, J. & Shi, W. (2018) Conversion reactions from dioctahedral smectite to trioctahedral chlorite and their structural simulations. Applied Clay Science, 158, 252–263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nagy, K.L. (1995) Dissolution and precipitation kinetics of sheet silicates. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 31, 173–233.Google Scholar
Nied, D., Enemark-Rasmussen, K., L’Hopital, E., Skibsted, J. & Lothenbach, B. (2016) Properties of magnesium silicate hydrates (MSH). Cement and Concrete Research, 79, 323–332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Okada, K., Temuujin, J., Kameshima, Y. & Kenneth, J.D. Mackenzie. (2003) Selective acid leaching of talc. Clay Science, 12, 159–165.Google Scholar
Palacios-Lidon, E., Grauby, O., Henry, C., Astier, J.P., Barth, C. & Baronnet, A. (2010) TEM-assisted dynamic scanning force microscope imaging of (001) antigorite: surfaces and steps on a modulated silicate. American Mineralogist, 95, 673–685.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palmieri, F., Estoppey, A., House, G.L., Lohberger, A., Bindschedler, S., Chain, P.S.G. & Junier, P. (2019) Oxalic acid, a molecule at the crossroads of bacterial–fungal interaction. Advances in Applied Microbiology, 106, 49–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perez Rodriguez, J.L., Maqueda, C. & Justo, A. (1985) Pyrophyllite determination in mineral mixture. Clays and Clay Minerals, 33, 563–566.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ren, Y., Cao, X., Wu, P. & Li, L. (2023) Experimental insights into the formation of secondary minerals in acid mine drainage-polluted karst rivers and their effects on element migration. Science of the Total Environment, 858, .CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rich, C.I. (1968) Hydroxy interlayers in expansible layer silicates. Clays and Clay Minerals, 16, 15–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ross, G.J. (1969) Acid dissolution of chlorites: release of magnesium, iron and aluminum and mode of acid attack. Clays and Clay Mineral, 17, 347–354.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rozalen, M., Huertas, F.J., Brady, P.V., Cama, J., Garcia-Palma, S. & Linares, J. (2008) Experimental study of the effect of pH on the kinetics of montmorillonite dissolution at 25 ℃. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 72, 4224–4253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rozalen, M., Ramos, M.E., Gervilla, F., Kerestedjian, T., Fiore, S. & Huertas, F.J. (2014) Dissolution study of tremolite and anthophyllite: pH effect on the reaction kinetics. Applied Geochemistry, 49, 46–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruiz-Agudo, E. & Putnis, C.V. (2012) Direct observations of mineral fluid reactions using atomic force microscopy: the specific example of calcite. Mineralogical Magazine, 76, 227–253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saldi, G.D., Köhler, S.J., Marty, N. & Oelkers, E.H. (2007) Dissolution rates of talc as a function of solution composition, pH and temperature. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 71, 3446–3457.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Su, H. & Zhou, W. (2019) Mechanism of accelerated dissolution of mineral crystals by cavitation erosion. Acta Geochimica, 39, 11–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Temuujin, J., Okada, K., Jadambaa, T., MacKenzie, K.J.D. & Amarsanaa, J. (2003) Effect of grinding on the leaching behaviour of pyrophyllite. Journal of the European Ceramics Society, 23, 1277–1282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Urosevic, M., Rodriguez-Navarro, C. & Putnis, C.V. (2012) In situ nanoscale observations of the dissolution of {10–14} dolomite cleavage surfaces. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 80, 1–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Villanova-de-Benavent, C., Cama, J., Soler, J.M., Domènech, C., Galí, S. & Proenza, J.A. (2022) Dissolution kinetics of garnierites from the Falcondo Ni-laterite deposit (Dominican Republic) under acidic conditions. Applied Geochemistry, 143, .CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Viti, C. & Mellini, M. (1997) Contrasting chemical compositions in associated lizardite and chrysotile in veins from Elba, Italy. European Journal of Mineralogy, 9, 585–596.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, R., Zhang, H., Sun, W. & Han, H. (2023) The inhibiting effect of Pb-starch on chlorite flotation and its adsorption configuration based on DFT computation. Applied Surface Science, 610, .CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weaver, C.E. (1956) The distribution and identification of mixed-layer clays in sedimentary rocks. American Mineralogist, 41, 202–221.Google Scholar
Yang, H., Du, C., Hu, Y., Yang, W., Tang, A. & Avvakumov, E.G. (2006) Preparation of porous material from talc by mechanochemical treatment and subsequent leaching. Applied Clay Science, 31, 290–297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, X.Y. & He, D.B. (2016) Clay Mineral and Application in Oil and Gas Exploration and Development. Petroleum Industry Press, Beijing, China, pp. . [In Chinese]Google Scholar
Zhu, H., Huang, C., Ju, Y., Bu, H., Li, X., Yang, M. & Lu, Y. (2021) Multiscale multi-dimensional characterization of clay-hosted pore networks of shale using FIBSEM, TEM, and X-ray micro-tomography: implications for methane storage and migration. Applied Clay Science, 213, .CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhu, H., Li, S., Hu, Z., Ju, Y., Pan, Y., Yang, M. & Qian, W. (2023) Microstructural observations of clay-hosted pores in black shales: implications for porosity preservation and petrophysical variability. Clay Minerals, 58, 310–323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar