^{page 122 note 1} I assume that Hannibal spent about 4 days at the Island. Neither the fighting and outfitting described by Polybius (3. 49, §§ 8–12) nor the arbitration and outfitting described by Livy (21. 31, §§ 7–8) could well have been despatched in a shorter time.

^{page 123 note 1} Kiepert shows a direct road from Florence to Bologna; by this route it would be about 164 miles from Pisae to Tannetum.

^{page 123 note 2} Livy's ‘ de transitu in Italiam Hannibalis’ does not necessarily mean ‘ Hannibal's arrival in Italy ’ (aduentu); it may mean merely the news that he was on his wav there.

^{page 124 note 1} But news travelled fast in Celtic lands. See Caesar, B.G. 7. 3, §§ 2–3, where it travelled about 140 English miles in about 12 hours.

^{page 126 note 1} I owe it to Professor Conway's kindness in giving me a copy of his proofs that I have been able to consider these points a year earlier than would otherwise have been possible. I hope he will not think these arguments an ill return for his courtesy, .