^{page 12 note 1} C.R. xxi. 1907, No. 8, Dec. p. 228.

^{page 12 note 2} For such an examination we confidently look to Mr. A. B. Cook, whose preliminary and deeply interesting studies on this subject have already appeared in the Classical Revieiv in six articles under the title ‘Zeus, Jupiter, and the Oak,’ 1903–1904, and in modified and amplified form under the title ‘The European Sky-God’ in Folk Lore 1904–1906. Mr. Cook makes Hades ἰ-Δης Zeus of the earth (αῖα), but he suggests that this notion of the bright sun-god dwelling in the dark earth may have been suggested by the fact that the sunset and the sun was regarded as a special manifestation of the ‘bright’ god. Mr. Cook is much more likely to be right on these matters than I am, but I would suggest that it is simpler, and I think more natural, to begin with the sun, and perhaps end with him. The ‘ earth-Zeus’ does not commend himself to me as primitive.

^{page 13 note 1} Il. xv. 189.

^{page 13 note 2} Plut. Vit. Pomp. 14.

^{page 13 note 3} ad Il, ix. 158.

^{page 13 note 4} vi. 25. I.

^{page 13 note 5} Il. v. 395–7. For the view taken by Aristarchus of πλϕ see Dr. Leaf ad loc. All that is necessary to note here is that there was evidently a primitive notion that at Pylos was the gate of the underworld.

^{page 13 note 6} Apollod. 2. 5. 10. 2. .

^{page 13 note 7} Roscher, , Lex. s.v. Helios, p. 1995Google Scholar.

^{page 14 note 1} Mimnermus frg. of Nanno. I borrow Mr. Gilbert Murray's lovely and literal translation.

^{page 14 note 2} I would guard against misunderstanding. Herakles has solar elements, but these do not exhaust his content: the same is true of Apollo, Odysseus, Orpheus, and even Dionysos. The reaction against solar mythology has led to the neglect of these elements.

^{page 14 note 3} Roscher, , Lex. s.v. Hades, p. 1806Google Scholar.

^{page 14 note 4} Op. cit. p. 1807.

^{page 14 note 5} See Usener, Götternamen, p. 85.

^{page 14 note 6} Il. 5. 654, etc.

^{page 14 note 7} See DrVerrall, , ‘Death and the Horse,’ J.H.S. 1898, xviii. p. 13Google Scholar. The meaning ‘famous for foals’ serves my interpretation well—the young morning sun-god Helios has young horses.

^{page 14 note 8} ix. 23. 2.

^{page 14 note 9} Except Dr. Verrall op. cit., whose beautiful κλιτπωλος, haunts of the fallen, I reluctantly renounce. For other views, none of which content him, see Dr. Leaf ad 11. 5. 654. Our latest authority Dr. Farnell, Cults of the Greek States, iii. p. 283 writes ‘In spite of recent attempts at explanation, the origin of the epithet remains doubtful; the traditional view that the god was called “famous for his steeds” just as Pindar styles him “the lord of the golden reins,” because he carried off Persephone in a stately chariot, is not convincing, but is as good as any that have been offered.’

^{page 14 note 10} See my Prolegomena, p. 276.

^{page 14 note 11} Horn. Hymn, ad Cer. v. 17 and 375–382.

^{page 15 note 1} Op. cit. v. 25. For Hekate as the moon, see Sikes and Allen ad loc.

^{page 15 note 2} Max. Tyr. 8. 8. —I believe that owe this reference to Mr. A. B. Cook. If I borrow without acknowledgment from his invaluable writings I trust he will forgive me and—provide me with an index.

^{page 15 note 3} Mr. A. B. Cook, C.R. xvii. p. 420.

^{page 15 note 4} Mimnermus, op. cit.

^{page 15 note 5} ‘, Archiv f. Religionswissenschaft, 1905, p. 206.

^{page 15 note 6} p. 181.

^{page 15 note 7} Philostr. Her. xi. I, p. 309.

^{page 15 note 8} P. iii. 20. 5.

^{page 15 note 9} But undoubtedly, as Aristotle (fr. 175 R³) saw, the numbers of the sacred herds are fixed in connection with the calendar and vary according to whether this is a moon or sun calendar—for this subject see Usener, die Sintflutsagen, p. 193.

^{page 15 note 10} Od. xii. 135.

^{page 15 note 11} Horn. Hym. Apoll. 411.

^{page 15 note 12} Serv. ad Verg. Ecl. vi. 60.

^{page 15 note 13} ix. 93.

^{page 15 note 14} Apoll. Rhod. i. 172. Schol. ad loc.

^{page 15 note 15} Theokr. xxv. 139.

^{page 16 note 1} Apollod. 2. 5. 10.

^{page 16 note 2} Paus. viii. 38. 6. The sources are all collected by Immerwahr, , Die Arkadischen Kulte, p. 8Google Scholar.

^{page 16 note 3} Hesych. s.v. . The hexameter was detected by Roscher, , Philologus, 1901, pp. 81 ffGoogle Scholar. The riddle has been triumphantly read by DrSchultz, Wolfgang in his brilliant Pythagoras und Heraklit, p. 62Google Scholar. The full exposition of its significance may well be left to him and is promised for the sequel of his work, op. cit. p. 114.

^{page 16 note 4} Eur. Alc. 245–262.

^{page 16 note 5} Adopting Dindorf's text. If my view be correct and Hades is the underworld Helios the difficulty about a winged Hades (see Robert, Thanatos, p. 36) would of course disappear.

^{page 16 note 6} Space does not allow me to enlarge here on the Sun-aspects of Apollo: he and his flocks and herds haunt the Alcestis; probably at Pherae as at Apollonia there were sacred sun-flocks. The correlation and contrast between Apollo and Aidoneus is elaborately worked out by Plutarch in his E. at Delphi, see especially chapters xx and xxi with the account of Thessalian priests of Apollo whose method of life was described by the term .