^{page 104 note 1} So too Pall. Agr. viii. 4. 3 femina debet bima summitti.

^{page 104 note 2} Col. R.R. vii. 3. 11; cf. Pall. Agr. v. 6.

^{page 104 note 3} Col. R.R. vii. 2. 1.

^{page 104 note 4} R.R. ii. 2. 14.

^{page 104 note 5} Modern sheep farmers, however, usually have lowland sheep tupped at six months to a year old, hill sheep at one year and a half.

^{page 104 note 6} A.J.P. lviii (1937), 225 ff. Wissowa (P.–W. iv. 1833) and Schanz–Hosius (Gesch. d. rom. Lit. ii. 525), following Schöll, make Cn. Domitius, cos. 32 B.C., Maternus' hero.

^{page 104 note 7} Op. cit. 226 f.

^{page 104 note 8} Domitius married Cato's sister; Cic. Phil. ii. 27 and Plut. Cato Min. 41. 2. His ‘Catonian’ policy; see P.–W. v. 1335–7. The Dialogus is our one source for the plays; Cato had just appeared at its dramatic date (see chs. 2–3). Domitius' notorious libertas (Cic. Brut. 267) would have appealed to its author.

^{page 104 note 9} Ep. iii. 5. 5; “Dubii sermonis octo” scripsit (meus avunculus) sub Nerone novishave simis annis, cum omne studiorum genus paullo liberius et erectius periculosum servitus fecisset.

^{page 104 note 10} Philol. lxxxvi, N.F. xl (1931), 338.

^{page 104 note 11} See Aper's remarks (Dial. 10); nee pro amico aliquo, sed, quod periculosius est, pro Catone offendis. nee excusatur offensa necessitudine officii aut fide advocationis aut fortuitae et subitae dictionis impetu. Suet. Vesp. 13 shows Vespasian's tolerance towards the bar. Pliny, however, under Domitian was nearly trapped by Regulus' insidiosa interrogatio (Epist. i. 5. 4ff.).

^{page 105 note 1} Ego autem, sicut in causis agendis efficere aliquid et eniti fortasse possum, ita recitatione tragoediarum (et) ingredi famam auspicatus sum, cum quidem … Vatinii potentiam fregi. Stroux, reading et, takes recitatione with the preceding clause; even so, the next clause ought, by referring to drama, to prove Maternus' point.

^{page 105 note 2} Ch. 17; adice … sextam iam felicis huius principatus stationem (dated from A.D. 69, ‘longum et unum annum’). See Schanz–Hosius, op. cit. 608 for discussion.

^{page 105 note 3} See chs. 4 and 9.

^{page 105 note 4} Chs. 3–4, especially nisi frequens et adsidua nobis contentio iam prope in consuetudinem vertisset … et ego, cui desidiam advocationum obicis, quotidianum hoc patrocinium defendendae adversus te poeticae exerceo.

^{page 105 note 5} Inter foedissima eius aulae ostenta fuit … primo in contumelias adsumptus, dehinc optimi cuiusque criminatione eo usque valuit, ut gratia pecunia vi nocendi etiam malos praemineret. Dial, 11 defines his power as ‘improbam et studiorum quoque sacra profanantem’, which, with Pliny, Ep. iii. 5. 5 (see p. 104, n. 9), may justify ‘censorship’. For possible victims see Ann. xiv. 48 ff. (Sosianus and Veiento), 52. 3 (Seneca), xv. 49. 3 (Lucan), xvi. 28. 1 (Curtius Montanus). Significantly Dio (lxiii. 15) links Vatinius with Nero's artistic tour in Greece and the dragooning of Senators.

^{page 105 note 6} Plut. Galba 8. 5 (mob's victims); Hist. ii. 10 with iv. 42 (Senate's revenge—only on inopes!). Hist. i. 37 (where MSS. perierunt implies Vatinius' death) is surely corrupt; I prefer perdiderunt, with Ritter and Heraeus (Historien, i. 61 f. [Leipzig, 1929]).

^{page 105 note 7} Senators: Hist. ii. 10, iv. 6 and 43–44; Dial. 8 (Marcellus and Crispus). Tigellinus: Hist. i. 72 (general scapegoat). Annius Faustus and P. Celer were viles and inopes (Hist. ii. 10, iv. 10). Nero's court: Hist. i. 13 and 79, ii. 71 and 87; Suet. Otho 7. 1; Vit. 11. 2 (Nero's poems revived).

^{page 105 note 8} Hist. i. 73 (Dio. lxiii. 12. 3 f.); Pliny, Ep. i. 5. 1–3 and 15, ii. 20. 12–13, iv. 2. 4.

^{page 106 note 1} Archives: Hist. iv. 40 with 44. Commission: Hist. i. 20 and 90; Suet. Galba 15. 1 and Plut. Galba 16. 2.

^{page 106 note 2} Hist. iv. 40–44. For Montanus see Ann. xvi. 28. 1 (and p. 105, n. 5). Was it Vatinius who accused Thrasea Paetus of failing to appreciate Nero's artistry, despite appearing himself on the Patavian stage? See Ann. xvi. 21. 1, and Hist. iv. 6–7, 43 for the fight to avenge Thrasea.

^{page 106 note 3} ‘… ingredi famam auspicatus sum cum … in Neronem improbam … Vatinii potentiam fregi.’

^{page 106 note 4} Compare ch. 3, ‘si qua omisit Cato … Thyestes dicet’ and 9, ‘si apud te Agamemnon aut Iason diserte loquitur’.

^{page 106 note 5} Ritter, , Octavia Praetexta, Curiatio Materno vindicata (Bonn, 1843)Google Scholar. By 1901 Wissowa can write (P.-W. iv. 1834) that Ritter's theory ‘bedarf heute keiner Widerlegung mehr’. Schanz–Hosius (op. cit. 474) support a Flavian date. Marti, , A.J.P. lxxiii (1952), 24–36, reverts to Seneca.Google Scholar

^{page 106 note 6} Tacitus records Domitius, Suetonius Ahenobarbus; Ann. xii. 41. 3. with Nero 7. 1. Suetonius perhaps repeats his mistake in 41. 2, though Ahenobarbus implies the sneer ‘a Domitius’. As Emperor, Nero promptly honoured his dead father (Ann. xiii. 10. 1, Nero 9), and the gens Domitia on the birth of Poppaea's daughter (Ann. xv. 23. 2.); Seneca's enemies played on this trait (Ann. xiv. 52. 4): ‘exueret magistrum, satis amplis doctoribus instructus maioribus suis.’

^{page 106 note 7} Suet. Nero 50 and 1. 2.

^{page 106 note 8} Pliny, N.H. ii. 92, iv. 10 and 22, vii. 45 and 71, xi. 238, xxxvii. 50. I owe these references to Mr. G. B. Townend, who contrasts them with some 60 allusions to Nero or Nero princeps. See also Dio lxii. 6. 5 and Juv. viii. 227 ff.

^{page 107 note 1} See Il. 277 f., 534, 671 f., 789 f., 802 f. For the nefas see Il. 137 ff. (nurse's speech).

^{page 107 note 2} See Il. 25 ff., 37 ff., 534, 789. For Nero see Il. 89 ff., 235 f., 619 ff.

^{page 107 note 3} Dio. lxiii. 15.

^{page 107 note 4} Ann. xv. 35. Vatinius' potentia grew optimi cuiusque criminatione (ibid. 34. 2).

^{page 107 note 5} See De Clementia; with una voce compare ii. 1. 1, ‘ut de clementia scriberem … una me vox tua maxime compulit’ (Nero's ‘vellem litteras nescirem!’).

^{page 107 note 6} Frank (op. cit. 226 and 228) links both plays with Helvidius Priscus' banishment. Priscus appears in Dial. 5. In view of ch. 8 the potentes of ch. 2 must include Priscus' main foes.

^{page 107 note 7} Dial. 11 and 13.