¹ It may be noted that the epithet ‘closefighters’ is applied to Mysi and Dardani, where it does not mean hoplite warfare but probably does mean hand-to-hand fighting as opposed to fighting with missiles. The two passages which are generally taken to imply hoplite warfare are xvi. 211 f. describing the closely-packed Myrmidons as they listened to Achilles' speech of exhortation, and xiii. 130 f. describing the closely-packed Achaeans when rallied by Poseidon to withstand Hector—in my opinion neither passage is deas scribing combat between hoplite phalanxes, and neither passage employs the epithet ‘close-fighters’ for the Myrmidons or the Achaeans.