^{page 123 note 1} Thomasson, B. E., Die Statthalter de, riimisehen Provinzen Nordafrikas von Augustm bis Dioektianus (Lund, 1960) (hereafter ‘Thomasson’), i. 31.Google Scholar

^{page 123 note 2} Morris, J., Listy Filologické lxxxvii (1964), 329f., 335.Google Scholar

^{page 123 note 3} P.I.R.² H 73.

^{page 123 note 4} Thomasson, 91 f. He began life ar equestrian, Pflaum, H. G., Les Carrières. procuratoriennes équestres sous l'Haut-Empin romain (Paris, 1960/1961), 451 ff. no. 179, and arrived late at the consulship.Google Scholar

^{page 123 note 5} Thomasson, ii. 92 ff.

^{page 123 note 6} Morris, art. cit. 329.

^{page 123 note 7} Thomasson, ii. 93 ff.

^{page 123 note 8} Millar, F., A Study of Cassius Dio (Oxford 1964), 13.Google Scholar

^{page 123 note 9} Thomasson, ii. 118 f.

^{page 123 note 10} Thomasson, i 25: perhaps earlier, G. Barbieri, Albo no. 501.

^{page 123 note 11} He was salius palatines in 170 (C.I.L. vi. 1958). The age at which a young patrician was co-opted into the salii is uncertain, but Marcus Aurelius, a salius aged 8 (S.H.A. Marc. 4. 2), was probably an exception. Tineius was probably born about 150.

^{page 123 note 12} Thomasson, i. 24: Magie, D., Roman Rule in Asia Minor (Princeton, 1950), 1584.Google Scholar

^{page 123 note 13} Morris, art. cit. 329.

^{page 123 note 14} Morris, art. cit. 328; perhaps older, Syme, R., Tacitus (Oxford, 1958), 82.Google Scholar

^{page 123 note 15} Syme, R., R.E.A. lxvii (1965), 329, citing I.L.S. 1024.Google Scholar

^{page 123 note 16} 12. 17. 11 p. 579 Pinder.

^{page 124 note 1} 7. 5. 2; 7. 8. 3; 7. 9. 9; 7. 10. 1.

^{page 124 note 2} 7. 5.4.

^{page 124 note 3} 7. 5. 7; 7. 8. 2.

^{page 124 note 4} Philo 26 (de oPifiio mundi 105).

^{page 124 note 5} Gell. N.A. 10. 28. 1. Cf. Livy 30. 30. 10.

^{page 124 note 6} 5. 3. 3; 5. 3. 11: cf. 2. 10. 4, 2. 13.6.

^{page 124 note 7} Born I August 126, P.I.R.² H 73.

^{page 124 note 8} 5. 3. 3; 5. 3. II; 5. 5. 6; 5. 7. 3; 6. 1.4.

^{page 124 note 9} Huelson, C., Rhein. Mus. lxxxi (1932), 371.Google Scholar

^{page 124 note 10} 4. 6. 3.

^{page 124 note 11} Probably born about 160 (perhaps a little earlier): H. G. Pflaum, I. de Sav. 1961, 36 f.; Birley, A.,Marcus Aurelius (London, 1966), 321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

^{page 124 note 12} 4. 12. 1.

^{page 124 note 13} 4. 12. 2: Dio 78 (79). 14. 2, cf. 14. 1.

^{page 124 note 14} Dio 78 (79). 40. 3… .

^{page 124 note 15} Pflaum, C.P. 666 suggests that he was about 60 when procurator in Britain c. 205–8.

^{page 124 note 16} 7. 6. 8; 7. 8. 8.

^{page 124 note 17} Zonaras 12.17, p. 579 Pinder, where Balbinus becomes ‘Albinus’: we should remember that Zonaras gives Gordian's age as 79.

^{page 124 note 18} Syme, R., Emperors and Biography (Oxford, 1971), 171.Google Scholar

^{page 124 note 19} Herodian 1.3. I …

^{page 124 note 20} Meditations 2. 2 (): 3. 5 ( ): cf. 8. 2; 9. 3; 12. 33.

^{page 124 note 21} Marcus was born on 26 April 121, S.H.A. Marc. 1. 5, and died on 17 March 180, S.H.A. Marc. 27. 11–12, Dio 71. 34, Epit. de Caes. 17. 2.

^{page 124 note 22} 2. 15. 4, with Whittaker's note ad loc. (Loeb edition, i. 244).

^{page 124 note 23} Dio 77 (76). 17. 4. J. Guey, B.S.N.A.F. 1956, 33 ff.

^{page 125 note 1} G. Alföldy, H.A.C. Bonn 1966/1967 (Bonn 1968), 19 ff. Any reconstruction of Albinus' career is hampered by the S.H.A. account on which Hasebroek, J., Die FalschungVita Nigri and Vita Albini in den S.H.A. (dies Heidelberg, 1916). He was perhaps born ir 147 and suffect consul in 187.Google Scholar

^{page 125 note 2} 3. 11. 1

^{page 125 note 3} 3. 11. 7.

^{page 125 note 4} 3. 14 2.

^{page 125 note 5} 3. 15. 1, 2, 4.

^{page 125 note 6} After Macrinus' first year—5. 3. 1.

^{page 125 note 7} Dura Final Report 5, I, 200, though the reading is lacunose.

^{page 125 note 8} Stein in P.I.R.² A 1610 and Syme Emperors and Biography, 146 admit either year perhaps 209 is preferable, Epit. de Case. 24.4: I hope to return to this point elsewhere.

^{page 125 note 9} Lambertz R.E. viiiA. 391: he coulc equally well have been born in 203 01 Herodian's evidence.

^{page 125 note 10} Dio 73 (74). To. 3: S.H.A. Pert. 15. 6 with the emendation LXVI for Lx.

^{page 125 note 11} Compare 6. 1. 7 and 6. 2. 1 with 6. 9. 3 and 6. 9. 8. See Whittaker's note, Loeb ii. 73, n 3.

^{page 125 note 12} 5. 8. 10, though Whittaker, loc. cit. points out that Herodian is correct if calculated from the date of Caracalla's death on 8 April 217 (Dio 79. (78) 5.4; 6. 5). Elagabalus was killed on 13 March 222 (Dura Final Report 5, 1, 298).

^{page 125 note 13} 4. 3. 8.

^{page 125 note 14} Barnes, T. D., J.T.S. xix (1968), 521Google Scholar f.; previously argued by Domaszewski, A. von, Site. Heidelberg. Akad. Phil.-hist. KL. xviii, Abhand. 13, 63 ff.ISGoogle Scholar

^{page 125 note 15} 3; 4.4. 1–18 years. Severus' rule lasted 17 years 8 months and 3 days if reckoned from the death of Didius Julianus, Dio 74. 17. 5, cf. 76 (77). 17. 4, and 17 years ro months and 3 days from the date of his proclamation by the troops at Carnuntum on 9 April 193, Snyder, W. F., T.C.S. vii (1940), 100 f. He died on 4 February 211.Google Scholar

^{page 125 note 16} 1. 1. 5;2. 15. 7. See Loeb i, Introduction ix ff.

^{page 126 note 1} Emended correctly to by Cassola, F., R.A.A.N. xxxviii (1963), 141 ff. and hesitantly accepted by Whittaker, Loeb ii 88. The year meant is 230.Google Scholar

^{page 126 note 2} Chron. 354, p. 147 Mommsen: Z011. 12, 17.

^{page 126 note 3} e.g. R.I.C. iv. 2. 160 no. 1 = B.M.C. vi p. 245 no. 1. There is a particularly fine example in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford which illustrates this characteristic.

^{page 126 note 4} R. A. G. Carson, B.M.C. vi p. 23.

^{page 126 note 5} Merlin, A., Poinssot, M., Mon. Piot, xiv(1944), 135 ffCrossRefGoogle Scholar

^{page 126 note 6} Michaelis, A., Ancient Marbles in Greai Britain (Cambridge, 1882), 239.Google Scholar

^{page 126 note 7} Poulsen, F., Photographische Einzelauf nahmen cmtiken Skulpturen (Munich, 1887) 3024 ff.Google Scholar

^{page 126 note 8} Heintze, H. von, Rom. Mitt. lxiii (1956), 56 ff. and plates 21 and 22. The ‘description’ is in S.H.A. Cord. 6. 1–2 and says, inter alia, fade bene lata, which is not borne out by either bust or coins: the ‘description’, need it be said, is worthless.Google Scholar

^{page 126 note 9} Although it has found acceptance, e.g. by Maj, B. M. Felletti, Iconografia Imperials Romana (Rome, 1958), 128.Google Scholar

^{page 126 note 10} Grbic, M., Choix de plastiques grecques et romaines au Musk National de Beograd (Belgrade, 1958), plate 40.Google Scholar

^{page 126 note 11} , Frel, J., Listy, Filologické xi (1963), 152.Google Scholar

^{page 126 note 12} Grbic's plate is of too poor quality for valid observation. I should add that I have not seen any of the sculptures concerned.

^{page 127 note 1} Felletti Maj, op. cit. 130 f.

^{page 127 note 2} See p. 123.

^{page 127 note 3} Syme, R., Ammianus and the Historic Augusta (Oxford, 1968), 160 ff.Google Scholar

^{page 127 note 4} Birley, A. R., Epigraphische Studien iv (1967), 87 f.Google Scholar

^{page 127 note 5} Gord. 18. 5.

^{page 127 note 6} Barnes, T. D., Latomus xxvii (1968) 594 ff.Google Scholar

^{page 127 note 7} P.I.R.² C 795+800: Barbieri, Albo 140.

^{page 127 note 8} Syme, Emperors and Biography, 167.

^{page 127 note 9} A. R. Birley in Britain and Rome: Essay: presented to E. Birley, ed. M. G. Jarret and B. Dobson (Kendal, 1965), 57 suggests 222. But there are very few parallels for the interval between consulship and senior pro-consulship in this period. S.H.A. Gord. 4. 2 is palpably wrong concerning the consulship with Caracalla at least. Alexander was sole consul on 15 April 222 (C.I.L. vi. 1454).

^{page 127 note 10} Barnes, art. cit. 586.

^{page 127 note 11} Philos. V.S., preface.

^{page 127 note 12} As proposed by Oliver, J. H., A.J.P. lxxxix (1968), 345 ff., postulating Maecius Marullus and attempting to justify the lineage in S.H.A. Gord. 2. 2–4; Philostratus was taught by pupils of pupils of Herodes (e.g. V.S. 2. 21. p. 602 Olearius) and was well acquainted with his life and work.Google Scholar

^{page 128 note 1} Fronto, ad M. Caes. 1. 6. 8; 2. 8. 2, pp. 13 and 16 van den Hout.

^{page 128 note 2} I.G.R.R.i. 194^a, 11, 14–18; Barnes, art. Cit. 582.

^{page 128 note 3} Philos. V.S. 2. 1. 10, pp. 557/8 Olearius.

^{page 128 note 4} Barnes, art. cit. 582 ff.; one may note that Philostratus was unaware of the existence of this child.

^{page 128 note 5} The identification is denied by Pilaum, , Syria xxx (1953), 304Google Scholar ff.; see also Avotins, I., Phoenix xxvii (1973), 686Google Scholar

^{page 128 note 6} Dittenberger, W., Purgold, K., Olympia V: Die Inschriften (Berlin, 1896), nos. 627/628, correctly interpreted by A. Stein, P.I.R.²C 802 (p. 181).Google Scholar

^{page 128 note 7} Claudia Regilla(P.I.R.²C 1117) whomarried M. Antonius Antius Lupus.

^{page 128 note 8} For his relationship to Herodes Atticus see Stein's stemma in P.I.R.² ii, opp. p. 182; for the adoption, I.G. ii/iii² 3979. It does not necessarily follow that Herodes would have adopted a closer relative, as Barnes, art. cit. 586: note Herodes' displeasure with Bradua Atticus, Philos. V.S. 2. I. 10. p. 558 Olearius.

^{page 128 note 9} Barnes, art. cit. 583. Patricians did not invariably reach the consulship suo anno but I know of only two late patrician consulships in this period, Q. Tineius Sacerdos (see above, p. 123) and Ti. Claudius Aurelius Pompeianus, born c. 170, cos. ord. 209; see Morris, art. cit. 382. But Olympia V, no. 623 implies that Athenais and Regillus were the youngest children, in which case Bradua would have been born in the 140s, as Dittenberger, W., Hermes xiii (1878), 79. The case remains unproven, though I incline towards 152.Google Scholar

^{page 129 note 1} P.I.R.²C 803: Avotins, art. cit. 74.

^{page 129 note 2} Birley, Britain and Roma, 56 ff.

^{page 129 note 3} Syme, Emperors and Biography, 167.

^{page 129 note 4} P.I.R.²C 880. A.E. 1954, 138.

^{page 129 note 5} I.G.R.R. iii. 188.

^{page 129 note 6} Suidas 4 no. 421 Adler. Bower-sock, G. W., Greek Sophists in the Roman Empire (Oxford, 1969), 2 ff.Google Scholar

^{page 129 note 7} Train, J. S., Hesperia xl (1973), 311 ff.Google Scholar

^{page 129 note 8} Bowersock, op. cit. 101 ff.

^{page 129 note 9} Cf. S.H.A. Gord. 3.

^{page 129 note 10} Barnes, art. cit. 587.

^{page 129 note 11} Groag, E., Die römischen Reichsbeamters von Achaea bis auf Diocletian (Berlin, 1939), 87 f.; Barnes, art. cit. 588.Google Scholar

^{page 129 note 12} V.S. 2. 31. I, p. 625 Olearius.

^{page 129 note 13} Although it remains possible, albeit unlikely, that the Vitae were not published until 238.

^{page 129 note 14} Barnes, art. cit. 583 ff.

^{page 129 note 15} S.H.A. Gord. 15. 2.

^{page 129 note 1} Denarius, , R.I.C. iv. 2. 164Google Scholar no. 9; sestertius, ibid. no. 10 = B.M.C. vi. 247 no. 18: the latter also bears the legend s.c.

^{page 130 note 2} e.g. R.I.C. iii. 339.

^{page 130 note 3} Mattingly, H., R.I.C. iv. 2. 164, Carson, B.M.C. vi. 99; Carson however includes the sestertius in his catalogue and both scholars admit that they could be genuine, although Mattingly doubts it. Barnes, art. cit. 591 admits the sestertius without discussion.Google Scholar

^{page 130 note 4} Compare Herodian 7. 5. 2 (many provincial commands) with the purely urban career in S.H.A. Gord. 3. 5, 4. 8, though cf 9. 1.

^{page 130 note 5} I am grateful to Dr. Fergus Millar and Professor P. A. Brunt for reading and commeriting upon an earlier draft of this paper; they do not necessarily agree with the views here expressed.