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The Platonic Theory of Evil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 February 2009

C. M. Chilcott
Affiliation:
Bedford College, University of London

Extract

Plato nowhere deals systematically with the problem of the origin of evil. And yet no system of philosophy which proposes to explain the mysteries of existence can leave untouched the undeniable and perplexing fact of warps and imperfections in the fabric of our life, seemingly inherent in the very tissue of which it is woven. It is difficult to believe that Plato could shape his scheme without taking this into account—somewhere, one feels, he must offer an explanation. He does, indeed, in various dialogues drop scattered hints which apply to the matter in hand, without throwing light on the problem as a whole. The following are typical instances. In the Republic he says that evil may be a punishment for sin in a former life, or, if not that, may be good which we cannot recognize: Оȕτως äρα ύποληπτέον περι τοΰ δικαον νδρός ὲάν τ' ν πενϭ γγνηϒαι ν τ' ν νόσοιας ἥ τινι δδλѱ τών δοκούντων κακŵν, ώς τούτψ ταûτα ες γαθόν τι τελεντήσει ξѾντι ἥ καί ποθανόντι. ‘Then this must be our notion of the just man, that even when he is in poverty or sickness, or any other seeming misfortune, all things will in the end work together for good to him in life and death’ (Jowett's translation).

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Classical Association 1923

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References

page 27 note 1 613 A.

page 27 note 2 546 A.

page 27 note 3 Rep. 379c, Laws 900E, Theait. 176A.

page 27 note 4 29B.

page 27 note 5 41D.

page 27 note 6 V. also 33A, 92B fin.

page 28 note 1 Rep. 476A, Phaed. 105c.

page 28 note 2 25E, 26A.

page 28 note 3 See also Pol. 273c.

page 28 note 4 Theait. 176A.

page 28 note 5 35A.

page 28 note 6 48A; see also 56c, and 29E, 30A.

page 28 note 7 Rep. 493c.

page 28 note 8 48A.

page 28 note 9 See Laws 741A.

page 28 note 10 896E.

page 29 note 1 81A.

page 29 note 2 66c.

page 29 note 3 Gorg. 493A, Crat. 400c.

page 29 note 4 Rep. 509B.

page 29 note 5 50D, E, 51 A

page 30 note 1 Tim. 29E.

page 30 note 2 Phaed. 247A.

page 30 note 3 Tim. 41c.

page 30 note 4 Phaed. 245c, Laws 896B.

page 30 note 5 Tim. 41A.

page 30 note 6 Tim. 36D.

page 30 note 7 Tim. 30B.

page 30 note 8 90A.

page 30 note 9 Tim. 41D.

page 30 note 10 Phaed. 249E.

page 31 note 1 Laws 904B.

page 31 note 2 Tim. 42E; cp. Rep. 617E.

page 31 note 3 Laws 897B.

page 31 note 4 Tim. 92B fin.

page 31 note 5 Rep. 410c.

page 31 note 6 Tim. 92c.