^{page 150 note 1} Schuster, Max, Quomodo Plautus Attica ex emplaria transtulerit, diss. Gryph. 1884Google Scholar.

^{page 150 note 2} Some pertinent literature is given in the bibliography of Lodge's Lexicon Plautinum. F. Leo, Plautinische Studien², and E. Fraenkel, Plautinisches im Plautus, have treated the topic in passing. Gulick, , ‘Omens and Augury’ in Harvard Studies in Philology, vii (1896)Google Scholar. Valeton, , Mnemosyne, xvii and ffGoogle Scholar. Niebergall, , Griechische Religion u. Mythologie in der aeltesten Lileratur der Roemer, diss. Giessen 1937Google Scholar.

^{page 150 note 3} RE, Suppl. v. 517–19.

^{page 150 note 4} Cure. 288; 293.

^{page 150 note 5} RE, i A. 21, 60.

^{page 151 note 1} RE, Suppl. vi. 978.

^{page 151 note 2} Ibid, iii A. 1550, 2.

^{page 151 note 3} Hellenistische Mysterienreligionen³, 101–5.

^{page 151 note 4} Ptolemy Philopator died in 205; Lepidus was in Egypt in 201.

^{page 151 note 5} See the discussion by Kern, , RE, xvi. 1201, 1202Google Scholar, with whom I agree.

^{page 151 note 6} Schuster (40) also sees here an allusion to the Bacchanalia and so does Gurlitt, L., Erotica Plautina, 123Google Scholar.

^{page 151 note 7} RE, xiv. 103.

^{page 151 note 8} AJP, xl. 244.

^{page 151 note 9} Roem. Gesch.⁸ i. 896.

^{page 151 note 10} Language Dissertations, No. 27 (1939), 60–9.

^{page 151 note 11} Apparently this is also Link's view, RE, i. A. 2252, 54.

^{page 151 note 12} Seneca, , N.Q. ii. 27, 3Google Scholar.

^{page 152 note 1} RE, s.v. ‘Lapidatio’, ‘Steinigung’, ‘Stein-kult’; Hirzel, , Abh. Saechs. Ges. d. Wiss. xxvii (1909), 212 n. 9, 244, 250, 253Google Scholar.

^{page 152 note 2} ML, vi. 365, 366.

^{page 152 note 3} Cf.Merc. 4, where Nocti corresponds to Luna.

^{page 152 note 4} As such V. appears at Epid. 673: ‘Volcani iratist filius; quaqua tangit, omne amburit, si astes, aestu calefacit.’

^{page 152 note 5} ML, i, s.v. ‘Dies Bonus’.

^{page 152 note 6} Cf. 465: ‘ita malignitate oneravit omnis mortalis mihi.’

^{page 152 note 7} Gruppe, , Myth, and Relg. 380 n. 2Google Scholar. Cf. Manilius, , Astr. iv. 906Google Scholar: ‘victorque ad sidera mittit sidereos oculos.’

^{page 152 note 8} Cf. p. 184: the marking of a certain day in this manner seems to be connected with Roman superstition.

^{page 152 note 9} RK ², 131 n. 1; RE, i A. 2253. 50.

^{page 153 note 1} RK, 130 ff.; ML, iv s.v.

^{page 153 note 2} ML, i, s.v. ‘Dius Fidius’.

^{page 153 note 3} In this connexion it is important that one swears by D.F. under the open sky, just as one swears by Hercules in this way; see Hirzel, , Der Eid, 145 n. 7Google Scholar.

^{page 153 note 4} I do not accept, of course, the ancient etymology of D.F. as Iovis filius. If I interpret Hirzel (l.c.) correctly, he also agrees with Reifferscheid.

^{page 153 note 5} See p. 150, n. 2.

^{page 153 note 6} Plaut. Stud. 260.

^{page 153 note 7} See Lindsay's apparatus.

^{page 153 note 8} ML, v. 338, 12–31.

^{page 153 note 9} Mars is merely a conjecture of Preller's, ML, v. 217Google Scholar. The manuscript tradition has ϒονάρχην 'Ηλιον, i.e. Sol Indiges; cf. Koch, G., Gestirnverehrung, 73, 90Google Scholar.

^{page 153 note 10} Polybius xii. d, 3; RE, xv. 348, 40.

^{page 153 note 11} Cf. also ARW, xii. 54, 55 : in rendering the oath one points downwards with the fingers of the left hand. In Servia the jurant tied a linen thread round his girdle; one end of this touched the earth. See also ARW, xiii. 155: the fingers raised in swearing are daubed with clay.

^{page 154 note 1} RE, xix. 1050; 1058.

^{page 154 note 2} ML, iii, s.v. ‘Personifikationen’.

^{page 154 note 3} Tuebinger Beitraege, v. 220.

^{page 154 note 4} Cf. S. Sudhaus, Rh. Mus. lvi. 40, and Usener, ibid, lviii. 28, although both refer to Augustan poets (Virg, . Ecl. iv. 50Google Scholar; Ov. Tri. ii. 53). Of these the first is certainly under hellenistic influence (Norden, , Geburt d. Kindes, 58 n. 4)Google Scholar.

^{page 154 note 5} Heim, , Incant. Mag. No. 128, 4Google Scholar.

^{page 154 note 6} Cf. Radermacher, , Sitzgber. Ak. Wien, 1922, 7Google Scholar. Knapp, (CP, xii. 143)Google Scholar speaks erroneously of a raven.

^{page 154 note 7} Olck's, interpretation of this passage (RE, vi. 641, 30Google Scholar; 647, 69) is based on a misunderstanding of the text.

^{page 155 note 1} Bolte-Polivka, , Anmerkhungen zu Grimm's Maerchen, iv. 45Google Scholar; 123; Weinreich in Friedlaen-der's Sittengeschichte⁹, ¹⁰, iv; F. Marx, ad Rudens 1256.

^{page 155 note 2} RE, s.v. ‘Fetialis’ and ‘Legatus’.

^{page 155 note 3} Taeubler, E. (Imperium Romanum, 14–28)Google Scholar treats the act of deditio, but has no word about any prescribed gestures accompanying it.

^{page 155 note 4} RE, vi, s.v. ‘Fides’; Wissowa, , RK, 134Google Scholar.

^{page 156 note 1} Frickenhaus, A., Die altgriech. Buehne (1917), 28Google Scholar: ‘jener Akt 3 muss von Plautus hinzugedichtet sein.’

^{page 156 note 2} RK, 215 n. 10; Klotz, , RE, iii A. 119Google Scholar.

^{page 156 note 3} ML, iii. 2512.

^{page 156 note 4} Berl. Phil. Ws. 1915, 1013.

^{page 156 note 5} The reading of P seems to me to receive a certain support from lucrificabilis: Pers. 712.

^{page 156 note 6} Hermes, xxxvii. 193, 194.

^{page 156 note 7} Oldfather, W., RE, xiii. 1255Google Scholar.

^{page 157 note 1} RE, ix. 1131; xviii. 613–18.

^{page 157 note 2} Luebbert, , Comment. Pontif. 124Google Scholar.

^{page 157 note 3} Bruns, , Fontes⁷, 55. 24Google Scholar.

^{page 157 note 4} Cf. also RE, iv. 681; Usener, , Goetternamen, 182Google Scholar.

^{page 157 note 5} RE, iv. 705, 706.

^{page 157 note 6} Fraenkel, 97 n. 3, 96, remarks on Cas. 408.

^{page 157 note 7} RE, xiii. 1651.

^{page 157 note 8} Fraenkel, 96, compares also Pseud. 1063; cf. Truc. 476: ‘Lucinam meam’ (RE xiii. 1648, 1649).

^{page 158 note 1} For the Roman character of this see Fraenkel, 349, and Besler, G., Hermes, xliv. 356Google Scholar: ‘dem spezialen Schlachtauspicium mag ein speziales Schlachtvotum staendig gefolgt sein.’

^{page 158 note 2} Fraenkel, , De media et nova comoedia, 33 n. 2Google Scholar though he takes a different view in Plaut, in Pl. 91. There he claims that centuries before Livius Andronicus the Greek myths must have been known in Rome, under both Etruscan and Oscan influence. The antiquity of this familiarity is proved by the form of many mythological names. In this statement Altheim concurs (Hist. Rom. Rel. 24–45, 144–55)Google Scholar.

^{page 158 note 3} Cf. also RK, 65.

^{page 158 note 4} RE, xviii. 458.

^{page 158 note 5} RE, i A. 284.

^{page 158 note 6} Ibid. 268, 284.

^{page 158 note 7} Ibid. 2094.

^{page 158 note 8} Saliente, of the grains of salt jumping in the heat of the flame, while the mola salsa was a sort of porridge. Here, by the way, not Jupiter but Lucina is the deity invoked.

^{page 158 note 9} ML, iii. 907–9.

^{page 158 note 10} Accepted as authentic by Hopfner, (RE, xiv. 1273)Google Scholar. Latte (ibid, xviii, s.v. ‘Orakel’) omits its mention.

^{page 158 note 11} Dial. Deor. 20, 11; Tim. 41.

^{page 158 note 12} Kl. Schr. iv. 481 n. 38.

^{page 158 note 1} Altheim, RE, xv. 1790 ff.; Marbach, ibid. xiii. 32 ff.

^{page 159 note 2} Hist. Rom. Rel. 240.

^{page 159 note 3} See also Weber, W., Der Prophet und sein Gott, 108, 109Google Scholar. Fraenkel (32, 33) considers that the subject-matter is Roman. See also Knapp, , AJP, xl. 252Google Scholar (where Gellius xiii. 21, 11 should be 23,12).

^{page 159 note 4} Quoted by Fehrle, , ML, vi. 696Google Scholar: μακάρεσσιν όλίζοσιν.

^{page 159 note 5} RK, 38 n. 4; ML, iv. 433.

^{page 159 note 6} RE, xix. 426, 428.

^{page 159 note 7} Ad Aen. iii. 134.

^{page 159 note 8} Heller, , TAP A, lxx (1939), 357–67Google Scholar.

^{page 160 note 1} Heller, l.c. 367.

^{page 160 note 2} Rud. 1302: ‘venenatumst verum: ita in manibus consenescit’; cf. Gurlitt, , Erotica, 110Google Scholar.

^{page 160 note 3} For the amorous character of the mouse see also Hopfner, , Wien. Stud. xliv. 119Google Scholar, which Lackenbacher (ibid. 128) rejects. Cf. also Lesky, ibid. liv. 26; Stengel, , Hermes, xlix. 92 n. 2Google Scholar.

^{page 160 note 4} For facere in this sense see Georges', Lexicon, i. 2667, No. 6Google Scholar.

^{page 160 note 5} ML, iii, s.v. Stössl, , RE, xixGoogle Scholar, s.v. Axtell, H. L., The Personifications of Abstract Ideas in Roman Literature, diss. Chicago 1907Google Scholar.

^{page 160 note 6} Axtell, l.c. 57; ML, vi. 371.

^{page 160 note 7} Voluptas, Venus, Venustas; Sermo, Suavi-saviatio.

^{page 160 note 8} Graevius, , Thes. Ant. Rom. v, 807Google Scholar.

^{Page 161 note 1} See also Luebbert, , Comment. Pontif. 15Google Scholar.

^{page 161 note 2} Cf. also above s. ‘Elements’.

^{page 161 note 3} Freeman-Sloman, ad loc.

^{page 161 note 4} Fairclough, ad loc. He thinks of the Roman cena popularis, probably wrongly.

^{page 161 note 5} Ziebarth, , Griech. Vereinswesen, 123, 124, 157, 196Google Scholar; Poland, , Das griechische Vereinswesen (1909), 31–3, 258 ff., 392Google Scholar; Kutsch, , Att. Heilgoetter (RGVV, xii. 3) 15Google Scholar.

^{page 161 note 6} Neue Jb. 143, 657 ff. It is really Ussing's; cf. 663.

^{page 161 note 7} Fraenkel, 16 n. 1;RE, iiiA. 1550, 1703; ibid. vii. 1922; Lodge, Lex. PL s.v. ‘Pix’.

^{page 161 note 8} 662: “the difference in gender cannot give offence.”

^{page 161 note 9} Sommer, , Handb. d. lat. Laid- u. Formenlehre, 285Google Scholar. A cursory survey seems to show that Pl. always uses this termination in the acc. pl. of consonant stems.

^{page 161 note 10} Delcourt, M., Les stérilités mystérieuses, etc. (1938), 52 ff.Google Scholar, where our passage has been over looked, as it has been, to my knowledge, in every treatment of this topic.

^{page 161 note 11} Herakles², ii, ad 1. 1078.

^{page 162 note 1} RE, i, s.v. ‘Amphitryon’.

^{page 162 note 2} Heldensage, ii. 611 n. 1.

^{page 162 note 3} ML, iii. 3263.

^{page 162 note 4} The only express mention of this duel; for Theocr. xxiv. 5 see below.

^{page 162 note 5} He is followed by Sonnenburg, (RE, xiv. 109)Google Scholar.

^{page 162 note 6} Only 21 years earlier Marcellus had won the distinction of the S.O.

^{page 162 note 7} Cf.ML, vi, s.v. ‘Volcanus’; Duhn, V., ltal. Graeberkunde, i. 414–16Google Scholar.

^{page 162 note 8} ML, vi. 361.