^{page 72 note 1} Ross, , Aristotle ⁵, pp. 56, 59Google Scholar, implies that it is early; Solmsen, , Entwicklung der aristotelischen Logik und Rhetorik, pp. 191–5Google Scholar, puts it before Plato's death; Nuyens, , L'Évolution de la psychologic d'Aristote, pp. 115–18Google Scholar, gives an early date, but on insufficient grounds according to Verbeke, , Rev. Phil, de Louvain xlvi (1948), 342Google Scholar; Viano, , La Logica di Aristotele, p. 248,Google Scholar also puts it before Plato's death; Düring, , Eranos liv (1956), 113Google Scholar, suggests 360–355; Owen, G. E. L., in Aristotle and Plato in the Mid-Fourth Century, ed. Düring-Owen, , pp. 173–4Google Scholar, sees parts as early, though it ‘may have stretched over a considerable period’.

^{page 72 note 2} Syllogistik des Aristoteles, ii. 2, p. 78, n. 3.Google Scholar

^{page 72 note 3} Hermes lxiii (1928), 457. He notes the following terms, which he regards as early:(withandand the absence ofGoogle Scholar

^{page 72 note 4} Die Entstehung der aristotelischen Logik, pp. 18 ff. He does, however, think that 2. 1 is late, because of its reference to the quantity of a judgement, which presupposes the developed syllogism, and points out a few other passages which are almost certainly late.Google Scholar

^{page 72 note 5} For a discussion of how far they are synonyms see below, p. 74.

^{page 73 note 1} Zürcher, , Aristoteles' Werk und GeistGoogle Scholar, also discusses and giving figures for the Meteorologica, p. 191Google Scholar, and the Politics, p. 235.Google Scholar He is, however, completely wrong in saying, , p. 192Google Scholar, that the Topics shows the same preponderance of over as a number of other works, but states the position correcdy on p. 333. He is inclined, p. 232, to regard the relative frequencies of the two words as partly a sign of date and partly a sign of authorship, linking this point with his view that the Corpus Aristotelicum was largely rewritten by Theophrastus.

^{page 73 note 2} Aristotle ², ch. iv. I have mentioned only those fragments which contain some of die relevant words.

^{page 74 note 1} We can learn something of the methods of Iamblichus, the source of the majority of these fragments, by studying the passages he takes from Plato. In those I have examined he is usually verbally accurate: he selects large chunks and puts them together, with a number of grammatical alterations due to rearrangement and omission, and occasional changes and expansions to make the meaning clearer. In a number of cases he changes the grammar to that current in his own time, and there are a few sentences of his own which summarize a longer passage in the original. But nothing suggests that he would have tampered with the words that concern us now. See also Düring, I., Eranos lii (1954), 142 ff.Google Scholar

^{page 74 note 2} This point has been neglected by Rabinowitz, W. G., Aristotle's Protrepticus, and seems to vitiate much of his argument.Google Scholar

^{page 74 note 3} pp. 16 ff.

^{page 74 note 4} in Thucydides always means visible or evident.

^{page 74 note 5} Organon, ii. 326–7.Google Scholar

^{page 75 note 1} 113^a35, 126^a8, 10.

^{page 75 note 2} Plato's Statesman, , p. 239.Google Scholar

^{page 75 note 3} This is one of the reasons for dating the Timaeus early.

^{page 75 note 4} Ethische, Das in Aristoteles' Topik, p. 6. Nuyens does not mention this point.Google Scholar

^{page 75 note 5} 1249^b26, 30, 1250^a5, 6, 17, 19.

^{page 75 note 6} 432^a25, 433^b4.

^{page 75 note 7} 129^a12.

^{page 75 note 8} Op. cit., p. 50.Google Scholar

^{page 75 note 9} Republic 435 e ff.Google Scholar

^{page 75 note 10} Republic 431 e.Google Scholar

^{page 75 note 11} 123^a33, 139^b32.

^{page 75 note 12} 117^a31–33.

^{page 75 note 13} 126^a6–8, 13.

^{page 75 note 14} 113^a35–113^b1, 126^a10.

^{page 75 note 15} 126^a9–10.

^{page 75 note 16} 148^a27.

^{page 75 note 17} He has, however, been identified by, for example, Colli and Tricot with the sophist of Physiognomica 808^a16. But there are no grounds for this beyond the fact that both have the same name.

^{page 76 note 1} Logische Regeln der platonischen Schule in der aristotelischen Topik, passim.

^{page 76 note 2} Aristotle, (trans. Robinson, ), p. 369.Google Scholar

^{page 76 note 3} Die Entstehung der aristotelischen Logik, p. 16.Google Scholar

^{page 76 note 4} He actually says 1. 33.

^{page 76 note 5} Topics 100^a27—a later addition—and Prior. Anal. 24^a20.

^{page 76 note 6} Topics 104^b1–2.

^{page 76 note 7} Ad Demonicum 3.Google ScholarJaeger's, Aristotle1, pp. 58–60.Google Scholar

^{page 77 note 1} Aristotle's Criticism of Plato and the Academy, i. 9.Google Scholar

^{page 77 note 2} Plato, , Phaedo 104 d 10, is the most probable example, but even that is doubtful in view of 103 e 5. There is perhaps some similarity to the usage in the Topics passage under discussion.Google Scholar

^{page 77 note 3} Parm. 133 c.

^{page 77 note 4} Plato's Parmenides, , pp. 96, 86.Google Scholar

^{page 77 note 5} Op. cit., p. 2.Google Scholar

^{page 78 note 1} Das Ethische in Aristotdes' Topik, p. 128.Google Scholar

^{page 78 note 2} The first part of the Parmenides is largely concerned with this line of thought.

^{page 78 note 3} is a variant reading.

^{page 78 note 4} Op. cit., pp. 5–8.Google Scholar

^{page 78 note 5} 133 ^c–134 ^e.

^{page 79 note 1} Op. cit., pp. 3–5.Google Scholar

^{page 79 note 2} e.g. 112^a32.

^{page 79 note 3} e.g. Post. Anal. 91^a37.

^{page 79 note 4} 120^b3–6, 123^a13–14, 25–26, 140^b2–6.

^{page 79 note 5} From Platonism to Neoplatonism, p. 46.Google Scholar

^{page 79 note 6} In Arist. De Anima 404^b27, 408_b32, 429^a (pp. 30. 4; 62. 2; 221. 25Hayduck, ).Google Scholar

^{page 79 note 7} I am not sure that Merlan's treatment of the passage dealing with Aristotle is quite fair, but he at least points to a possibility.

^{page 79 note 8} Diogenes Laertius 4. 14 says he died in 314 in his eighty-second year.

^{page 79 note 9} 148^a15.

^{page 79 note 10} Always never

^{page 79 note 11} 248^a ff.

^{page 79 note 12} Aristotle's Criticism of Plato and the Academy, i. 18–19.Google Scholar

^{page 80 note 1} I must thank Mr. G. E. L. Owen for a number of helpful comments and references.