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The Annotations of M. Valerivs Probvs1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 February 2009

H. D. Jocelyn
H. D. Jocelyn
Affiliation:
University of Manchester
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Extract

In the period between Constantine's reunification of the Empire in 324 and the deposition of Romulus Augustulus in 476 M. Valerius Probus enjoyed a large reputation as master of all areas of the ars grammatica. The commentary on Terence attributed to Donatus and the commentary of Servius on Virgil cite him more often than they do any other ancient authority. His fame persisted through the Dark Ages. Eugenius of Toledo set him with Varius and Tucca against Aristarchus, the greatest of the Alexandrian students of Homer. Modern writers on the history of Roman scholarship have estimated in widely different ways his quality as a textual critic, the level of his reputation during the century after his death and the influence which his activities had on the transmission of the Latin classics. That he ‘annotated’ at least some of these in the manner of an Aristarchus is not in dispute, but everything about the nature of his ‘annotation’ is. This paper will treat afresh a famous statement about Probus in Suetonius' De grammaticis (24. 3), two lists of notae associated with Probus’ name in a late eighth-century manuscript from Monte Cassino, cod. Paris, Bibl. Nat. lat. 7530 (CLA v 569), two references to such notae which have been detected in Virgilian scholia (Serv. Aen. 10. 444 and Serv. Dan. Aen. 1. 21) and a number of statements in these scholia which appear to give Probus’ reasons for affixing notae. The results of my study are largely negative but may help to control general discussion of the history of a number of Latin texts.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Classical Quarterly , Volume 34 , Issue 2 , December 1984 , pp. 464 - 472
Copyright
Copyright © The Classical Association 1984

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References

2 The commentary on Terence ascribed to Donatus names Probus nine times, Asper three. Servius' commentary on Virgil names Donatus, probably his principal direct source, forty-seven times; Probus comes next with eighteen mentions, followed by Asper with fifteen. The Danieline additions have seventeen mentions of Probus, six of Celsus, five of Cornutus, four of Asper.

3 See the preface which he wrote to his ‘edition’ of Dracontius, vv. 20–5 (MGH auct. ant. xiv, pp. 27, 29).

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10 Cf. Büchner, op. cit. (n. 4), 336, 339.

11 Cf. Scivoletto, op. cit. (n. 4), 106–107 (= Stud. pp. 178–80).

12 Despite Suda iv 581. 18, s.v. Τράγκυλλος, and Plin, . Epist. 1. 24. 4Google Scholar (misinterpreted by Macé, A., Essai sur Suétone [Paris, 1900], pp. 51–3Google Scholar, and G. D'Anna, op. cit. [n. 4], pp. 73–86 [75, 85]), it must be said that Suetonius would have classed himself with Varro, Cornutus, Pliny the Elder, and Asconius, all of whom he put elsewhere among the uiri illustres.

13 There is no precise reference to collation at Dom. 20 (…quamquam bibliothecas incendio absumptas impensissime reparare curasset, exemplaribus undique petitis missisque Alexandream qui describerent emendarentque), but it is quite certainly implied.

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15 Cf. Athen. 1. 12e, 5. 188f, 11. 498 f.

16 See Front, p. 15. 13–21 van den Hout.

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18 See Serv, . Dan, . Virg, . Georg. 1. 277Google ScholarProbus “Orchus” legit. Cf. Fest. p. 392. 27 Lindsay (probably transmitting material from a commentary of the first century B.C.) Plautus ‘quia tibi suaso infecisti propudiosa pallulam’. quidam autem legunt ‘insuaso’, Porph, . Hor, . Carm. 2. 6. 24Google Scholarlegitur et ‘uatis Horati’, Donat, . Ter, . Andr. 205Google Scholar. I …uera ergo lectio est ‘neque tu haud dicas’, quod plurimi non intellegunt, «cum» ‘hoc dicas’ legunt, Serv, . Virg, . Aen. 6. 37Google Scholarsane sciendum ‘poscit’ lectionem esse meliorem, Georg. 1. 218 duplex lectio est…

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20 Cf. Quintil, . Inst. 5. 11. 40Google Scholar (Homeri uersu, qui tamen ipse non in omni editione reperitur).

21 Cf. Gramm. 1. 3 libros…de metris ab eodem Ennio editos, 3. 3 librum…nondum edition, 9. 2 librum…edidit, 18. 2 commentario Zmyrni edito, 25. 7 plerique autem oratorum etiam declamationes ediderunt, 25. 9 controuersiae…conlectae editaeque. A synonym, uulgare, is used at 8. 3.

22 Cf. Ammonius ap. schol. Hom, T. Il. 19. 365–8 περι τ⋯ς ⋯πεκδοθεισης διορθώσεως, schol. Arat. p. 140. 17–18 Maass οὐδέπω τ⋯ς διορθώσεως ταύτης ⋯κδεδομένης. It may indeed be doubted whether it is proper to talk about a special use of έκδιδόναιGoogle Scholar.

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25 Cf. Lehrs, K., De Aristarchi studiis Homericis (Königsberg, 1833), pp. 29–31Google Scholar (=ed. 2, Leipzig, 1865, pp. 25–6 = ed. 3, 1882, pp. 26–7), Ludwich, A., Aristarchs Homerische Textkritik, I (Leipzig, 1884), pp. 18–19Google Scholar, II (Leipzig, 1885), pp. 431–3, von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, U., Euripides: Herakles, I (Berlin, 1889), p. 138Google Scholar, Allen, T. W., Homer: the Origins and the Transmission (Oxford, 1924), pp. 307–9Google Scholar, G. Pasquali, op. cit. (n. 4), p. 216, Zuntz, G., ZDMG 101 (1951), 187, 192–3Google Scholar, Gnomon 35 (1963), 3Google Scholar, Erbse, H., ‘Ueber Aristarchs Iliasausgaben’, Hermes 87 (1959), 275–303Google Scholar, in H. Hunger et al., op. cit. (n. 4), pp. 223–5, Turner, E. G., Chron. d'Ég. 37 (1962), 146–7Google Scholar(= Greek Papyri [Oxford, 1968], pp. 112–13, 184 n. 28)Google Scholar, van Groningen, B. A., Mnemosyne. 4. 16 (1963), 1–17CrossRefGoogle Scholar, Traité d'histoire et de critique des textes grecs (Amsterdam, 1963), pp. 34–5Google Scholar, Pfeiffer, R., History of Classical Scholarship from the Beginnings to the End of the Hellenistic Age (Oxford, 1968), pp. 71–2, 94, 110, 215–17Google Scholar.

26 See Anon, Gramm. Lat. VII 534. 4–6Google Scholarhis solis in adnotationibus + hennii lucii + et historicorum usi sunt + uarrus hennius haelius aequae + et postremo Probus qui illas in Virgilio et Horatio et Lucretio apposuit, ut Homero Aristarchus. On the discovery of this material, its source and the corrupt proper names see part II.

27 The three poets are frequently cited in Seneca's philosophical letters and treatises while those whom they read at school are either ignored or abused (cf. Dial. 5. 37. 5, Epist. 58. 5, ap. Gell. 12. 2. 3–11). For the coupling of Virgil and Horace as classics see Petron. 118. 5, Anon, Laus Pisonis, 230–45Google Scholar.

28 See Part III.

29 Printed in Rome in 1472.

30 Printed in Florence in 1471.

31 Printed in Paris in 1600 (P. Daniel, Pub. Virgilii Maronis…et in ea Mauri Seruii Honorati Grammatici…commentarii).

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33 Printed in Venice in 1507 (from a manuscript removed from Bobbio by G. Merula in 1493).

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35 In the edition of 1746 (see above, n. 8).

36 See Diomedes, , Gramm. Lat. i 437. 14–19Google Scholar (distinctio).

37 See Prob, . Virg, . Buc. 6. 31, p. 337. 25Google ScholarHagen, . For nota, ‘discursive note’, the lexicon of Forcellini offers nothing before Dig. 49. 17. 10Google Scholar (Pomponius libro singulari regularum ex nota Marcelli…).

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40 See the work cited in part II, n. 57, 119 (= Kl. phil. Schr. I 601).

41 See Ber. ü. d. Verh. d. kön. sächs. Ges. d. Wiss. z. Leipzig, Phil.-hist. Cl. 5 (1853), 130Google Scholar (= Gesammelte Schriften, VII [Berlin, 1909], 209–210)Google Scholar.

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44 Όμ⋯ρου Ίλι⋯ς σὑν τοἶς Σχολιίις: Homeri Ilias ad ueteris codicis Veneti fidem recensita. Scholia in eam antiquissima Ex eodem Codice aliisque…cum Asteriscis, Obeliscis, aliisque Signis criticis (Venice, 1788)Google Scholar.

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48 Cf. P. Oxy. 3 (1903). 445 (Homer, Il.: ii cent.); 5 (1908). 841 (Pindar: ii cent.); 9 (1912). 1174 (Sophocles: ii cent.).

49 See E. G. Turner, op. cit. (n. 25), 146–52 (= Greek Papyri, pp. 112–24); also the supplementary notes on pp. 205–206 of the 1980 paperback edition of Greek Papyri.

50 See Diels, H. and Schubart, W., Didymos: Kommentar zu Demosthenes (Berlin, 1904 [Berliner Klassikertexte, i]), pp. xxvii–xxixGoogle Scholar, Rutherford, W. G., A Chapter in the History of Annotation (London, 1905), pp. 22–3Google Scholar, White, J. W., The Scholia on the Aves of Aristophanes (Boston-London, 1914), pp. liii–lviiiGoogle Scholar, Zuntz, G., Byzantion 14 (1939), 545–605Google Scholar (= Die Aristophanes Scholien der Papyri [Berlin, 1975], pp. 61–121)Google Scholar, An Enquiry into the Transmission of the Plays of Euripides (Cambridge, 1965), pp. 272–6Google Scholar. Wilamowitz changed his mind in old age; see the ‘Geschichte der Philologie’ inGercke, A. and Norden, E., Einleitung in die Altertumswissenschaft, ed. 3, I i (Leipzig-Berlin, 1921), 76Google Scholar; cf. Pasquali, op. cit. (n. 4), p. 344, Zetzel, op. cit. (n. 4), pp. 42–5.

51 Zuntz, op. cit. (n. 50), 552 (= Die Aristophanes-Scholien, p. 68) treats Sueton, . Gramm. 24. 3Google Scholar as an apparent difficulty for his view of the Alexandrian έκδόσεις and emphasises how brief and sketchy Probus' marginal annotations must have been.

52 See Gudeman, A., RE 11. 2 (1922)Google Scholar, 1916–27 (1916), s.v. ‘Kritische Zeichen’, Allen, , Homeri llias. Tomus I Prolegomena (Oxford, 1931), p. 198Google Scholar, Turner, op. cit.(n. 25), 148–52 (= GreekPapyri pp. 113–18, 184), Greek Manuscripts of the Ancient World (Oxford, 1971), p. 17Google Scholar, West, S., The Ptolemaic Papyri of Homer (Cologne-Opladen, 1967), p. 133CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

53 Cf. R. Pfeiffer, op. cit. (n. 25), p. 115, n. 4.

54 See above n. 23, part II n. 62.

55 Epist. 88. 39.