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Totalitarianism: Propaganda, Perseverance, and Protest: Strategies for Clerical Survival Amid the German Church Struggle

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 July 2009

Kyle Jantzen
Kyle Jantzen
Affiliation:
An assistant professor of church history and director of extension educationat Canadian Theological Seminary in Regina, Canada.
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Extract

The Protestant historiography of the German Church Struggle has been shaped largely by its attention to two fundamental issues. The first has been the intrachurch struggle dominated by two churchpolitical factions: the Faith Movement of the German Christians and the Confessing Church. German Christians whole-heartedly endorsed the government of Adolf Hitler, campaigned to align the organization, theology, and practice of the twenty-eight German Protestant Land Churches with the racial and authoritarian values of the National Socialist regime and worked to create a centralized Reich church under a powerful Reich bishop. The Confessing Church stood for theological orthodoxy and ecclesiastical independence, rejected the authority of the Land Church governments that had fallen under the control of German Christians, and asserted itself as the uniquely legitimate church government in Germany.

Type
Articles
Information
Church History , Volume 70 , Issue 2 , June 2001 , pp. 295 - 327
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of Church History 2001

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References

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37. Correspondence concerning these pastoral appointments is found in Evangelisches Zentralarchiv Berlin 7/12233, 14/10318, 14/10649 and 14/10770, as well as Domstiftsarchiv Brandenburg NE 69/741, 142/944 and 143/948.Google Scholar

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45. Matthew 20:25–26 reads: “Jesus called them together and said, ‘You know that the rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them, and their high officials exercise authority over them. Not so with you. Instead, whoever wants to become great among you must be your servant.’” (New International Version, NIV); Melanchthon, “Confession of Faith,” 37–95.Google Scholar

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80. Saxon Land Church Office to Superintendent Zweynert, 31 01 1935, Ephoralarchiv Pirna 816.Google Scholar

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84. Pastor Werner of Dohna to Superintendent Zweynert, 11 05 1935, Ephoralarchiv Pirna 816.Google Scholar

85. Pastor Werner of Dohna to Superintendent Zweynert, 15 05 1935, Ephoralarchiv Pirna 816.Google Scholar

86. Superintendent Zweynert to Pastor Klemm, 5 06 1935, Ephoralarchiv Pirna 816.Google Scholar

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88. Saxon Confessing Church council to Superintendent Zweynert, 7 06 1935, Ephoralarchiv Pirna 816.Google Scholar

89. Pastor Teichgräber of Pirna to Superintendent Zweynert, 9 06 1935, Ephoralarchiv Pirna 816.Google Scholar

90. Pastor Teichgräber of Pirna to Superintendent Zweynert, 9 06 1935, Ephoralarchiv Pirna 816.Google Scholar

91. Pastor Teichgräber of Pirna to Superintendent Zweynert, 9 06 1935, Ephoralarchiv Pirna 816; Superintendent Zweynert to the Land Church Office, 11 06 1935, Ephoralarchiv Pirna 816.Google Scholar

92. Pastor Werner of Dohna to Superintendent Zweynert, 12 06 1935, Ephoralarchiv Pirna 816.Google Scholar

93. Pastor Werner of Dohna to Superintendent Zweynert, 18 06 1935, Ephoralarchiv Pirna 816; Pastor Werner to Confirmation Parents, 14 June 1935, Ephoralarchiv Pirna 816; Pastor Lieschke to Confirmation Parents, 17 June 1935, Ephoralarchiv Pirna 816.Google Scholar

94. Pastor Börner of Ottendorf to Pastor Werner of Dohna, 17 06 1935, Ephoralarchiv Pirna 816.Google Scholar

95. Pastor Börner of Ottendorf to Pastor Werner of Dohna, 17 06 1935, Ephoralarchiv Pirna 816.Google Scholar

96. Pastor Börner of Ottendorf to Pastor Werner of Dohna, 17 06 1935, Ephoralarchiv Pirna 816.Google Scholar

97. Pastor Werner to Superintendent Zweynert, 23 06 1935, Ephoralarchiv Pirna 816; Pastor Werner of Dohna to the Amtshauptmannschaft Pirna, 23 June 1935, Ephoralarchiv Pirna 816.Google Scholar

98. Pastor Werner of Donna to Superintendent Zweynert, 1 07 1935, Ephoralarchiv Pirna 816.Google Scholar

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100. Mayor Schmidt of Weesenstein to Superintendent Zweynert, 10 July 1935, Ephoralarchiv Pirna 816.

101. Saxon land Church Office, “Beschluβ” [against Pastor Klemm], 30 07 1935, Ephoralarchiv Pirna 816; land Church Office to Superintendent Zweynert 30 July 1935, Ephoralarchiv Pirna 816.Google Scholar

102. Superintendent Zweynert to Pastor Werner of Dohna, 30 08 1935, Ephoralarchiv Pirna 816; Superintendent Zweynert to the Land Church Office, 3 09 1935, Ephoralarchiv Pirna 816.Google Scholar

103. Mayor Schmidt of Weesenstein to Superintendent Zweynert, 11 09 1935, Ephoralarchiv Pirna 816.Google Scholar

104. Weesenstein Parish Council to the Land Church Office, 31 08 1935, Ephoralarchiv Pirna 816.Google Scholar

105. Land Bishop Coch to Pastor Klemm, 23 10 1935, Ephoralarchiv Pirna 816; Superintendent Zweynert to Cantor Aehnelt, 7 November 1935, Ephoralarchiv Pirna 816; Land Church Committee to Pastor Klemm of Burkhardswalde, 16 December 1935 (twice), Ephoralarchiv Pirna 816.Google Scholar

106. Saxon Land Church Committee to Superintendent Zweynert, 18 01 1936, Ephoralarchiv Pirna 816; Pastor Klemm of Burkhardswalde to the Land Church Committee, 20 January 1936, Ephoralarchiv Pirna 816.Google Scholar

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108. Land Church Committee to Superintendent Zweynert, 23 and 24 04 1936, Ephoralarchiv Pirna 816.Google Scholar

109. Burkhardswalde NSDAP leader Heine to Superintendent Zweynert, 25 April 1936, Ephoralarchiv Pirna 816; Superintendent Zweynert to Heine, 29 04 1936, Ephoralarchiv Pirna 816.Google Scholar

110. Superintendent Zweynert to the Land Church Office, 3 09 1935, Ephoralarchiv Pirna 816.Google Scholar

111. Mayor Erich Schmidt of Weesenstein to Superintendent Zweynert, 11 09 1935, Ephoralarchiv Pirna 816.Google Scholar

112. See, for instance, the work of Gellately, Robert, The Gestapo and German Society: Enforcing Racial Policy, 1933–1945 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990)CrossRefGoogle Scholar and Gordon, Sarah, Hitler, Germans and the “Jewish Question” (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1984)Google Scholar