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Social Gospels Thrived Outside the Church

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2015

Heath W. Carter
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Extract

Three vignettes underscore that, in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century United States, social gospels often fared best outside the walls of the institutional churches. They also reveal diverging interpretations of Christianity and the church that begin to explain the divergence between religious liberalism and social progressivism during this time.

Type
Forum
Information
Church History , Volume 84 , Issue 1 , March 2015 , pp. 199 - 202
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of Church History 2015 

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References

17 For fuller analysis of these vignettes, see my Union Made: Working People and the Rise of Social Christianity in Chicago (New York: Oxford University Press, 2015)Google Scholar.

18 “Labor and Christianity,” Chicago Republican, September 16, 1867.

19 “A Small Stream from a Large Fountain,” Workingman's Advocate 4, no. 9 (September 21, 1867)Google Scholar.

20 H.G.C., “Views of a Mechanic's Wife,” Chicago Daily Tribune, March 15, 1874.

21 Hutchinson, William, The Modernist Impulse in American Protestantism (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1976): 48Google Scholar.

22 “The Labor Turmoil,” The Alliance 1, no. 4 (January 3, 1874): 2.Google ScholarPubMed

23 “Swing's Last Words,” Chicago Daily Tribune, October 7, 1894.

24 “Swing is Dead,” Railway Times 1, no. 20 (October 15, 1894): 2.

25 “Are Methodists Hypocrites,” Union Labor Advocate 6, no. 12 (August 1906): 24Google Scholar.

26 See various letters in “Correspondence – Part 2,” Records of the Methodist Federation for Social Action, Methodist Collection, Drew University, Madison, New Jersey.

27 See James W. Kline to the Reverend Harry F. Ward, February 5, 1917, Records of the Methodist Federation for Social Action, Methodist Collection, Drew University, Madison, New Jersey.

28 See Harry F. Ward to Mr. James W. Kline, February 9, 1917, Records of the Methodist Federation for Social Action, Methodist Collection, Drew University, Madison, New Jersey.

29 For examples of classic works in the historiography see, for example, Hopkins, Charles Howard, The Rise of the Social Gospel in American Protestantism, 1865–1915 (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1940)Google Scholar; and May, Henry F., Protestant Churches and Industrial America (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1949)Google Scholar. For more recent works, see for example, Deichmann Edwards, Wendy J. and Gifford, Carolyn De Swarte, Gender and the Social Gospel (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2003)Google Scholar; Blue, Ellen, St. Mark's and the Social Gospel: Methodist Women and Civil Rights in New Orleans, 1895–1965 (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2011)Google Scholar; Luker, Ralph E., The Social Gospel in Black and White (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991)Google Scholar; and White, Ronald C. Jr., Liberty and Justice for All: Racial Reform and the Social Gospel (San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1990)Google Scholar.

30 See Moreton, Bethany, To Serve God and Wal-Mart: The Making of Christian Free Enterprise (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2009)Google Scholar.