1. Joseph Mead to Sir Martin Stutevifie of Damam, Suffolk, 14 April 1623, British Museum (hereafter BM), Harleian MSS, 389 fol. 314.

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5. Ibid., p. 83.

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15. Acts of Privy Council, 1623–5 entry for June 13; BM, Add. MSS, 25,278 fol. 138; this section of a treatise entitled “Eldership the Greatest Lordship,” authored by John Yates in the 1640s, recalls the 1620s. The Nicholas diary names Nathaniel Ward as Yates' fellow cleric, not Samuel Ward as Montague later wrote.

16. BM, Add. MSS, 25,278 foL 136.

17. Montague, Richard, Appello Caesarem (1625), p. 3:Google ScholarGardiner, S. R., ed., Debates in the House of Commons in 1625 (1878), appendix, 180–184.Google Scholar

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20. The economic, social, religious and political pressures of “the people” in pre-revohitionary England have recently received scholary attention (Russell, , Origins, pp. 7–11, 25–31).Google Scholar The study of patronage is a means of connecting the research in social history with more traditional work on the political and religious origins of the English Civil War and Revolution. See Rabb, Theodore, “Parliament and Society in Early Stuart England: The Legacy of Wallace Notestein,” American Historical Review 77 (1972): 710.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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25. J. Neale, Elizabeth I and Her Parliaments, 1684–1601 (London: Jonathan Cape, 1957), p. 283Google Scholar; Collinson, , Elizabethan Puritan Movement, pp. 62, 203, 257, 278Google Scholar; see algo Bacon MSS, in Folger Library, Washington D.C.

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34. Birch, Thomas, ed., The Court and Times of Charles I, vol. 1 (1848), p. 96Google Scholar; Historical Manuscripts Commission, Various Collections, 4:170.Google Scholar Pym's committee included his uncle, Francis Rous, Sir Nathaniel Rich, Sir Benjamin Rudyerd, Christopher Sherlani, William Whitaker, Sir Walter Earle, Sir John Pickering and Sir Thomas Hoby. Following the ideas of these men could perhaps give clues as to how the political puritan differed from the “country” opposition. Obviously there was a spectrum of political opinion among those in the puritan opposition.

35. PRO, SP, 16/25 fol. 87.

36. CSPD, Charles I, 23 (Addeada: 03 1625-01 1649), pp. 112–113.Google Scholar In this curious letter from Sir James Bagg, Sir Walter Earle appears as a protégè of Lord Say and twelve others seem to have found their places from Pembroke; Rowe, V. A., “The Influence of the Earls of Pembroke on Parliamentary Elections, 1625–41,” English Historical Review 50 (1935): 242–256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

37. Schwartz, , Arminianism, pp. 63 ff.Google Scholar; Sir Nathaniel Barnardiston, Sir Francis Barrington, Sir Walter Earle and Sir John Corbot were men who also supported puritan clerics; see Shipps, , “Lay Patronage,” pp. 83, 107 ff., 228, 272.Google Scholar It would be interesting to see how many other conscience-stricken laymen were puritans (CSPD, 1627–1628, pp. 16, 299, 366; Zagorin, , Court and the Country, p. 109).Google Scholar

38. BM, Trumbull Add. MSS, 50 fol. 18v. My thanks to Professor Robert Zaller for bringing the materials for this and the MSS citations in notes 39 and 41 to my attention.

39. Oxford University, Bodlelan Library MSS, English History, c. 330, fols. 15–16; Mitchell, William, The Rise of the Revolutionary Party in the English Honse of Commons, 1603–1629 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1957), pp. 122 ff.Google Scholar

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41. Rushworth, J., Historical Collections, 1:670.Google Scholar Of particular note is the following speech made by Sir Earle, Walter, a parliamentary leader and prominent supporter of puritan causes, as reprinted in Commons Deixites for 1629, ed. Notestein, W. and Reif, F. H. (Minneapolis: University Press, 1921), pp. 18–19Google Scholar:

Mr. Speker, I am of the number of those that at our last meeting thought the time best spent in vindicating those rights and liberties of the subject which had formerly been impeached and were then in most eminent danger; and in that respect thought it not amiss (for a while) to postpone the business of Religion.…Now give me leave to tell you, that Religion offers itself to your first consideration at this time.… I know full well that the cause of justice is God's cause as well as the cause of Religion. But what good will these rights do me, or any man else, that resolves to live and die a Protestant? Nay, what good will they do any man, of what Religion soever he be, that resolves to live and die a freeman and not a slave, if Popery and Arminianism. joining hand in hand as they do, be a means. together with the Romish Hierarchy, to bring in a Spanish tyranny amongst us; under which those laws and liberties must of necessity cease? … how otherstand affected, I know not; but for my part, that which for an undoubted truth I have from the Church of England heretofore received, that I will stand to, and forgo my estate, my liberty, yea my life itself, rather than forgo it.… Take away my religion, you take away my life, and not only mine, but the life of the whole State and Kingdom. For I dare boldly say, never was there… a more near conjunction between matter of Religion and matter of State in any Kingdom in the world than there is in this Kingdom at this day.

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45. Sources for puritan leetureships and ministry in parliamentary boroughs appear in the previous footnote, and estimates on town wealth and population appear in Hoskins, W. B., Local History of England (London: Lougmans, 1959), p. 177.Google Scholar

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48. Ibid., chap. 5; PRO, C2/N3/104; PRO, C2/Y/1/58; Swindon, Henry, The History… of Great Yarmouth (Norwich, 1772), pp. 477–520.Google Scholar

49. Shipps, , “Lay Patronage,” chap. 6Google Scholar; Ipswich Corporation Records, Section A, 2; PRC SP 16/420 fol. 144; Tanner MSS, 68 fol. 327.

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53. Seaver, , Puritan Lectureships, p. 97Google Scholar; Gruenfelder, J. K., “The Election to the Short Parliament, 1640,” in Early Stuart Studies, ed. Reinmuth, Howard Jr. (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1970), p. 219Google Scholar; Tanner MSS, 68 fols. 147, 149, 159, 162.

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57. Ibid., p. 94.

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60. Shipps, , “Lay Patronage,” chap. 4.Google Scholar

61. Ibid., pp. 186 ff.

62. Ibid., p. 186.

63. Ibid., p. 184 f.

64. Ibid., p. 187.

65. ibid., p. 188.

66. Ibid., p. 178; Tanner MSS, 68 fols. 8v., llv., 248.

67. Shipps, “Lay Patronage,” appendix 14; Essex Record Office T/B211/1(39).

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