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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 July 2009
Recent study of English Nonconformity in the nineteenth century has focused upon issues in the integration of a small culture of Dissent into the larger Anglican-dominated culture, issues such as politics, education, and advancement in the general society. Little attention, by contrast, has been given to theological questions or developments. As a result, the impact of some major shifts in theological thinking within denominational traditions has not been carefully pursued; more seriously, such changes have been frequently characterized as illustrations of theological decline. Greater perspective, however, would be gained by locating instances of theological contention and setting them in the larger framework of cultural and religious change. The following exploration of a theological dispute in one Nonconformist congregation is such an attempt.
1. Recent broad denominational studies have provided some attention to theology. Examples include Davies, Rupert et al. , eds., A History of the Methodist Church in Great Britain, 4 vols. (London, 1965–1988); andGoogle ScholarBriggs, J. H.Y., The English Baptists of the Nineteenth Century (Didcot, U.K., 1994).Google Scholar
2. For this latter judgment, see Sellers, Ian, Nineteenth-Century Nonconformity (London, 1977), pp. 25, 27.Google Scholar
3. Who's Who of British Members of Parliament, ed. Stenton, Michael and Lees, Stephen (Sussex, U.K., 1978), 2:85.Google ScholarSee the several references to the Crossley family in Binfield, Clyde, So Down to Prayers (London, 1977), such as the following: “Halifax is a restless Renaissance city, with the Crossleys of Square Chapel as its Medici” (p. 147).Google Scholar
4. For Simon's own impact on theological education in his denomination, see Powicke, Frederick J., David Worthington Simon (London, 1912); andGoogle ScholarJohnson, Dale A., “The End of the ‘Evidences’: A Study in Nonconformist Theological Transition,”Journal of the United Reformed Church History Society 2:3 (April 1979): 62–72.Google Scholar
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6. Congregational Year Book (1910), p. 178.
7. The bulk of these details are provided in Wadsworth, G. P., The History of Square Road Congregational Church, Halifax (Halifax, U.K., 1889), pp. 6, 22, 27–28.Google Scholar
8. The Crossleys are described in Girouard, Mark, The Victorian Country House, rev. ed. (New Haven, Conn., 1979), pp. 205–212; a photograph of the church building is on p. 206.Google Scholar
9. Wadsworth, pp. 26–27.
10. The following narrative is drawn from this pamphlet; the Calderdale District Archives Service, Halifax, provided a photocopy of this document.
11. Lawrence, Eric A., To the Members of Square Church, pp. 6, 10.Google Scholar
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