Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-mzp66 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-27T05:02:14.417Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

American Influences on Canadian Protestant Churches Before Confederation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 July 2009

John S. Moir
John S. Moir
Affiliation:
Scarborough College, University of Toronto
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

American influences on Canadian Protestant Churches before Confederation do not present any simple historical pattern. As any student of Canadian history would expect the responses of the Canadian Protestant denominations vary widely, not only from one denomination to another but from one region to another. Indeed, regionalism seems to be the most important factor in determining the degree of American influences, both positive and negative, on Canadian Protestantism. Canadian historians have examined or at least noted separate aspects of American influences, particularly in a denominational context, but no one has apparently attempted a survey approach to the wide range of such influences—wide both geographically and topically.

Type
Research Article
Information
Church History , Volume 36 , Issue 4 , December 1967 , pp. 440 - 455
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of Church History 1967

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Mackinnon, I. F., Settlement and Churches in Nova Scotia, 1749–1776 (Montreal, 1930), 29–31.Google Scholar

2. fon Wearinga, Juw, “The First Protestant Ordination in Canada,” The Bulletin, Archives Committee of the United Church of Canada, No. 11 (1958), 19 ff.Google Scholar

3. Mackinnon, , Settement and Churches…, p. 96.Google Scholar

4. Public Archives of Canada (PAC, Nova Scotia B, vol. 17, 87, 90–91; Minutes of Council, 23 Dece 1776, 5 January 1777.

5. Armstrong, M. W., The Great Awakening in Nova Scotia (Hartford, 1948), 61–87Google Scholar.

6. Canadian Independent, November, 1862.

7. Ibid., May, 1867.

8. Levy, G. E., The Baptists of the Maritime Provinces, 1753–1946 (Saint John, 1946), 103.Google Scholar

9. Lee, G. H., An Historical Sketch of the First Fifty Years of the Church of England in the Province of New Brunswick (1783–1833) (Saint John, 1880), 135Google Scholar; Eaton, A. W., The Church of England in Nova Scotia and the Tory Clergy of the Revolution (New York, 1892), 155–57.Google Scholar

10. PAC, Nova Scotia A, vol. 103, 158–161, Carleton to Lord North, 26 August 1783.

11. PAC, Shelburne Papers, vol. 88, 124, J. Parr to Lord Shelburrie, 9 October, 1789.

12. PAC, Nova Scotia A, vol. 103, 33–40, Charles Inglis and 17 other clergymen to Guy Carleton, New York, 24 March 1783.

13. Eaton, , The Church of England …, 115–116Google Scholar. Nine of the Petitioners subsequently joined the Loyalist exodus to Nova Scotia.

14. Harris, R. V., Charles Inglis, Missionary, Loyalist, Bishop (1734–1816) (Toronto 1937), 59, 72.Google Scholar

15. Millman, T. R., The Life of the Right Reverend, the Honourable Charles James Stewart, D. D. Oxon., Second Anglican Bishop of Quebec (London, Ont., 1953), 62, 67.Google Scholar

16. 26 George III, cap. 84, amended by 3 & 4 Victoria, cap. 33.

17. Richey, M., A Memoir of the Late Rev. William Black, Wesleyan Minister (Halifax, 1839), 127.Google Scholar

18. Bangs, Nathan, Life of the Rev. Freeborn Garretson (New York, 1829), 178.Google Scholar

19. Smith, T. W., History of the Methodist Church within … Eastern British America. 2 vols. (Halifax, 1877), I, 208.Google Scholar

20. Archives of the United Church of Canada (UCA) McColl Papers (microfilm), William Bennett to Duncan McColl, Granville, 20 March 1817.

21. Smith, , History of the Methodist Church …, I, 350.Google Scholar

22. Queen's University, Douglas Library Archives (DLA), Church of Scotland Synod Papers, H. Esson to the Moderator of Glasgow Presbytery, 17 June 1826.

23. Ivison, S. and Rosser, P., The Baptists in Upper and Lower Canada before 1820 (Toronto, 1956), chap. IX.Google Scholar

24. Ibid., Chap. VIII.

25. Fitch, E. R., The Baptists of Canada (Toronto, 1911), 109–110Google Scholar; The Gospel Tribune, June, 1854.

26. Gregg, W., History of the Presbyterian Church in the Dominion of Canada, from the earliest times to 1834;… (Toronto, 1885), 182–83.Google Scholar

27. Ibid., 167 ff.

28. UCA, Correspondence of the American Home Missionary Society relating to Canada, A. K. Buell to A. Peters, 11 April 1831.

29. Banks, John, “American Presbyterians in the Niagara Peninsula, 1800–1840,” Ontario History, LVII, 09 (1965), 135–140.Google Scholar

30. The Presbyterian, 27 November 1889, quoting from Home Missionary, October (1838).

31. Young, A. H., “More Langhorn Letters,” Papers and Records of the Ontario Historical Society, XXIX (1933), 51.Google Scholar

32. French, G., Parsons & Politics (Toronto, 1962), 42.Google Scholar

33. Playter, G. F., The History of Methodism in Canada (Toronto, 1862), 105.Google Scholar

34. Ibid.

35. Cruikshank, E. A., ed., The Correspondence of Lieut. Governor John Grave Simcoe. 5 vols. (Toronto, 1923–1931), V, 247Google Scholar; I, 43.

36. Playter, , History of Methodism …, 138.Google Scholar

37. Ibid., 144.

38. Ibid., 147.

39. Ibid., 166, 168.

40. UCA, Minutes of several conversations of the British Methodist Missionaries in the Provinces of Upper and Lower Canada…

41. Playter, , History of Methodism…, 178.Google Scholar

42. Ibid., quoted p. 235.

43. Ibid., quoted p. 241.

44. “A recently rescued letter of Egerton Ryerson,” The Bulletin, Archives Committee of the United Church of Canada, No. 16 (1963), 32.

45. The Minutes of the Annual Conferences of the Wesleyan-Methodist Church in Canada, from 1824 to 1845 (Toronto, 1846), 2–3, 18–20, 46–49.Google Scholar

46. Strachan, John, A Sermon preached at York, Upper Canada, Third of July, 1825, on the Death of the Late Lord Bishop of Quebec (Kingston, 1826); 26Google Scholar: PAC, & 352:28–35, Colburne to Murray, private, 19 SAugust 1824, “Dr. Strachan's letter and Chart produced more excitement than any part of the discussion that took place on the subject.”

47. PAC, Q 374–4:851–52, Colborne to Lord Goderich, 5 September 1832.

48. PAC, Q 204:496, R. Watson to Lord Goderich, 22 November 1832.

49. Parliamentary Papers, (1853) (141), 14, “Copy of a letter from the Bishop of Toronto to the Duke of Newcastle.”

50. Cf. Moir, J. S., “The Correspondence of Bishop Strachan and John Henry Newman,” Canadian Journa' of Theology, III (10 1957), 220.Google Scholar

51. Ontario Archives (OA), Strachan Papers, John Bethune to John Strachan, 25 January 1836; Bethune, A. N., Memoir of the Right Reverend John Btrachan, D.D., LL.D., First Bishop of Toronto (Toronto, 1870), 249 ff.Google Scholar

52. OA, Strachan Papers, Archbishop of Canterbury to John Strachan, 20 December 1851, copy.

53. Moir, J. C., Church and State in Canada West (Toronto, 1959), 25.Google Scholar

54. Ibid.

55. First Annual Report of the Canadian Foreign Missionary Society, 1858 (Montreal, 1859).Google Scholar

56. For a contemporary poetical reference see “A Sympathetic Ode” in Moir, J. S., ed., Rhymes of Rebellion (Toronto, 1965), 70.Google Scholar

57. E.g., Canadian Presbyterian Magazine, February, 1855, on the Madiai case, or The Ecclesiastical and Missionary Record, October, 1849, on the Achflli case.

58. Landon, Fred, “When Uncle Tom's Cabin came to Canada,” Ontario History, XLIV, (01 1952), 1–5.Google Scholar

59. Kemp, A. F., Digest of the Minutes of the Synod of the Presbyterian Church of Canada (Montreal, 1861), 347–55Google Scholar. Relations,” unpublished paper delivered to the Canadian Historical Association at Montreal, 9 June 1961.

60. Alex Murray, “American Slavery as a Disruptive Factor in Canadian-American Church

61. Lewis, J. K., “Religious Nature of the Early Negro Immigration to Canada and the Amherstburg Baptist Association,” Ontario History, LVIII (06, 1966), 117–132Google Scholar; W. H., and Pease, J. H., “Uncle Tom and Clayton: Fact, Fiction and Mystery,” Ontario History, L (Spring, 1958), 61–73Google Scholar; Landon, Fred, “The Work of the American Missionary Association among Negro Refugees in Canada West, 1848–1864,” Papers and Records of the Ontario Historical Society, XXI (1924), 198–205.Google Scholar

62. Murray, op. cit.