Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-18T22:57:46.676Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Other Pilgrims in Leiden: Hugh Goodyear and the English Reformed Church

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 July 2009

Keith L. Sprunger
Affiliation:
Professor of history in Bethel College, North Newton, Kansas.

Extract

When the citizens of seventeenth-century Leiden spoke of “the English church here,” they referred in most cases to the English Reformed Church, not to the historically-famous church of the Pilgrim Fathers. In the first decades of the seventeenth century, the Dutch city of Leiden included a sizable English and Scottish community, but one divided into two distinct religious factions, namely the Separatist Pilgrims and the non-separating Reformed Church. The enthusiasm to celebrate the deeds of the Mayflower Pilgrims may obscure Leiden's larger community of British strangers and sojourners; and not Leiden alone, for the English churches of Leiden were but two of more than two dozen such churches in early seventeenth-century Netherlands. John Robinson and his congregation arrived at Leiden in 1609, two years after the older English-Scottish community of the city had begun its own church life.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of Church History 1972

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. See Steven, William, The History of the Scottish Church, Rotterdam (Edinburgh, 1833)Google Scholar; Carter, Alice Clare, The English Reformed Church in Amsterdam in the Seventeenth Century (Amsterdam: Scheltema and Holkema, 1964).Google Scholar The research here reported was assisted by grants awarded by the Committee on Faculty Research of the Social Science Research Council, and the American Philosophical Society.

2. Vexed and Troubled Englishmen, 1590–1642 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1968), p. 395.Google Scholar

3. Stoye, John W., English Travellers Abroad, 1604–1667 (London: Jonathan Cape, 1952), p. 240.Google Scholar

4. Posthumus, N. W., De geschiedenis van de Leidsche lakenindustrie (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 19081939)Google Scholar, Part II, De nieuwe tijd, pp. 40–75; Blok, P. J., Eene Hollandsche stad onder de republic (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1916)Google Scholar, chapters 1, 8.

5. On the continuing immigration to Leiden, see Jewson, Charles B., Transcript of Three Registers of Passengers from Great Yarmouth to Holland and New England, 1637–1639, Norfolk Record Society, Vol. 24 (1954).Google Scholar

6. Gerechtsdagboeken van Burgemeesteren, F, fols. 160–1; Register van kerkelijke zaken, no. 2148 (Secretarie Archief), fols. 43–44 (Gemeentelijke Archiefdienst, Leiden). The author wishes to thank the Leiden archivists for their knowledgeable help.

7. Plooij, D., The Pilgrim Fathers from a Dutch Point of View (New York: New York University Press, 1932), p. 42Google Scholar; Dexter, Henry M. and Dexter, Morton, The England and Holland of the Pilgrims (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1905), p. 541.Google Scholar

8. State Papers 16, Vol. 170, no. 8 (PRO).

9. For 1607 and 1609, see above, no. 6; Reg. kerk. zaken, 2148, fol. 46.

10. van Mieris, Frans, Beschryving der stad Leyden (Leiden, 17621784), I, 99101.Google Scholar

11. Mountague, William, The Delights of Holland (London, 1696), p. 100.Google Scholar

12. Clarke, Samuel, The Lives of Thirty-Two English Divines, Third ed. (1677), in A General Martyrologie (London, 1677), p. 119.Google Scholar

13. Reg. kerk. zaken, 2148, fol. 13r and v.

14. December 6, 1661, Goodyear Papers (Weeskamer Archief 1355), ee (Gemeentelijke Archiefdienst, Leiden).

15. “Stukken betreffende de benoeming van ouderlingen der Engelsche Gemeente” (Weeskamer Archief 4909).

16. Alice Clare Carter, “The Ministry to the English Churches in the Netherlands in the Seventeenth Century,” Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, 33 (November, 1960), 166.

17. Acts of the Privy Council (October 26, 1616); Plooij, , Pilgrim Fathers, pp. 8299.Google Scholar Goodyear's family was not prominent, and in 1661 it was reported from England that most of his kindred (and heirs) were “in great want.” A reading of his will reveals that his uncle was Roger Goodyear, and Roger's son, Thomas, was a London merchant. Brothers and sisters of Hugh were Isabell (Gilbert), Elizabeth (Radcliffe), Robert, and Elinor (Ketshall). His nephew, William Goodyear, served as a soldier in Holland (see Goodyear Papers).

18. Boswell Papers (December 23/13, 1633), Add. MSS. 6394, fol. 156 (British Museum).

19. Goodyear Papers.

20. Knuttel, W. P. C., ed., Acta der particuliere synoden van Zuid-Holland, 1621–1700 (The Hague: Rijks geschiedkundlige publicatiën, 19081916), Vol. 3 (1656).Google Scholar Goodyear died before November 7 and was buried November 11.

21. Stearns, Raymond P., Congregationalism in the Dutch Netherlands (Chicago: American Society of Church History, 1940).Google Scholar

22. Cramer, J. A., De Theologische Faculteit te Utrecht ten tijde van Voetius (Utrecht: Kemink en Zoon, 1932), p. 299.Google Scholar

23. Knuttel, , Acta synoden Zuid-Holland, 2, pp. 328, 368–9Google Scholar; Acta Classis Leiden and Neder-Rijnland, no. 5, 1641–57 (Pieterskerk, Leiden, E. Pelinck, archivist). According to the Classis, “Dat men de selve voor als noch sal laten in statu” (June 24, 1642).

24. Goodyear, “Aantekeningen voor preeken en catechisaties,” Lecture for 21st Lord's Day, MS (Leiden Archive).

25. Boswell Papers (Feb. 22/12, 1632/1633), fol. 80; Acta Kerkeraad Leiden, no. 003, April 16, June 11, July 30, 1632 (Pieterskerk).

26. Acta Kerkeraad Leiden, no. 003, March 7, 15, August 2, 16, 23, 1630.

27. Ibid., July 18, 1631; Letters, Portfolio A.

28. Boswell Papers, fol. 80.

29. Acta Kerkeraad Leiden, no. 003, July 23, 1638.

30. Ibid., September 17, 1638.

31. Ibid., November 19, 1638.

32. Ibid., November 5, 12, 1638.

33. Ibid., October 25, 1639.

34. Ibid., August 26, 1639.

35. Plooij, , Pilgrim Fathers, p. 107.Google Scholar

36. Stearns, , Congregationalism, pp. 55–6.Google Scholar

37. Carter, , English Reformed Church in Amsterdam. pp. 7683Google Scholar; see Consistory Register of the Amsterdam Church.

38. “Tracts relating to the English Church at Amsterdam,” Add. MSS. 24,666, fol. 2 (British Museum).

39. Goodyear Papers, gg.

40. State Papers 84, Vol. 117, fol. 133–4.

41. Boswell Papers (Feb. 22/12, 1632/3), fol. 80.

42. Acta Classis Leiden, no. 5, June 21, 1655. Signatories were Laurens Souter, Henrick Sandby, Allever Knoules, and Jan Houibbot.

43. Acta Kerkeraad Leiden, no. 006, February 22, May 3, 1675.

44. Drummond, Andrew L., The Kirk and the Continent (Edinburgh: St. Andrew Press, 1956), p. 80.Google Scholar

45. State Papers 16, Vol. 170, no. 8.

46. Plooij, , Pilgrim Fathers, p. 107.Google Scholar

47. Boswell Papers (May 5, 1633), fol. 127–8.

48. Ibid. (Feb. 26, 1633), fol. 86.

49. Ibid., fol. 80.

50. Ibid., fol. 161.

51. Ibid. (December 23/13, 1633), fol. 156.

52. Brereton, William, Travels in Holland, the United Provinces, England, Scotland and Ireland, The Chetham Society, 1 (1844), 45.Google Scholar

53. Reg. kerk. zaken, 2150, fol. 114v.

54. Nethenus, , “Praefatio introductoria,” in Ames, Opera, Vol. 1 (Amsterdam, 1658)Google Scholar; Plooij, , Pilgrim Fathers, p. 109.Google Scholar

55. Stearns, , Congregationalism, p. 92.Google Scholar

56. Goodyear Papers, gg.

57. Plooij, , Pilgrim Fathers, p. 121.Google Scholar

58. Ibid., pp. 100, 106–7.

59. Bradford, William, Bradford's History of Plymouth Plantation, in Original Narratives of Early American History (New York: Barnes and Noble, 1959), p. 42.Google Scholar

60. Baillie, Robert, A Dissvasive from the Errours of the Time (London, 1645), p. 17Google Scholar; Cotton, John, The Way of Congregational Churches Cleared (London, 1648), p. 8.Google Scholar

61. Plooij, , Pilgrim Fathers, p. 91.Google Scholar

62. Ibid., p. 87.

63. Acta Kerkeraad Leiden, June 11, 1639; April 23, 1655.

64. Reg. kerk. zaken, 2155, fol. 107v.

65. Mieris, van, Beschryving, 1, p. 101Google Scholar; Steven, , Scottish Church, pp. 312–13.Google Scholar

66. Goodyear Papers, gg.