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Horatio Oliver Ladd: A New England Conscience for New Mexico

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 July 2009

Frederick G. Bohme
Frederick G. Bohme
Affiliation:
University of New Mexico
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Extract

The decades of the 1870's and 1880's were times of increasing social consciousness on the part of the churches of the United States. The Civil War had been concluded, and the expansion of the nation within its own borders was resumed. All of the religious bodies— Protestant, Jewish, and Roman Catholic—were called upon to perform a task which neither the government nor any organized secular group was prepared to do: integrate literally millions of immigrants into the American way of life.

Type
Research Article
Information
Church History , Volume 26 , Issue 2 , June 1957 , pp. 143 - 155
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of Church History 1957

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References

1. Barbarism, the First Danger: A Discourse for Home Missions (New York: Printed for the American Home Missionary Society, 1847), 27Google Scholar, quoted in, Gabriel, Ralph Henry, “Evangelical Religion and Popular Romanticism in Early Nineteenth Century America,” Church History: Studies in Christianity and Culture, XIX (03, 1950), 40.Google Scholar

2. (Boston: Frank Wood, 1879), 16. The idea, of course, is by no means new. See for example, Beecher, Lyman, Plea for the West (2nd ed., Cincinnati:Truman & Smith; New York: Leavitt, Lord & Co., 1835)Google Scholar, passim.

3. “11,520 Whacks and 43,897 Jolts,” The Congregationalist, 08 14, 1878Google Scholar, in Scrapbook VIII, 28, Ritch Collection, Huntington Library, San Marino.

4. Dwight, Timothy, Yale College: Some Thoughts Respecting its Future ⃜ (New Haven: Tuttle, Morehouse, and Taylor, 1871), 109Google Scholar. This book is a collection of articles which were printed in the New Englander in 1870–1871 under the title, “The True Ideal of an American University.” These received wide attention at the time.

5. 119,565 in 1880. United States, Department of the Interior, Census Office, Compendium of the Tenth Census (06 1, 1880) … (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1883), I, 434Google Scholar, Table XXV.

6. Idem, Compendium of the Eleventh Census: 1890 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1894)Google Scholar, Pt. II, 298–299, Table 6.

7. Letter from Lucien Birdseye to Horatio O. Ladd, May 28, 1883, “Commendations,” Ladd Papers, Coronado Library, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.Google Scholar

8. United States, Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education, Report of the Commissioner of Education, 1881 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1883), 300.Google Scholar Cf. letter, Ladd to Anierican College Aid Society, Oct. 6, 1884, Ladd Papers.

9. Idem, Report of the Commissioner… 1890–91 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1893), II, 1328,Google Scholar Table 7.

10. Tenney, E[dward] P[ayson], The New West, as related to The Christian College and the Home Missionary (Cambridge: Riverside Press, 1878), 3rd Ed., 20.Google Scholar

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12. Fe, SantaNew Mexican, 07 27, 1878, Scrapbook II, 151,Google ScholarRitch Collection.

13. “Letter from Santa Fe,” dated in Ladd's handwriting “Sept. or Oct. 1879 [sic], [Christian Union?], Ladd Papers.

14. Ladd, , Diary, 3Google Scholar, unpublished MSS., Ladd Papers. (Hereinafter referred to as Diary.

15. “Extracts from Autobiography & Diary of Dr. Horatio O. Ladd relating to his work in New Mexico,” unnumbered leaves 5–6, unpublished TSS., Ladd Papers. (Hereinafter referred to as “Autobiography”.)

16. Diary, 4.

17. Ibid., 33.

18. Ritch notes the stay of the Congregational representatives at his home November 20–26, 1880; Ladd is not mentioned. Ritch, , Memoranda, III, 358,Google ScholarRitch Collection.

19. Mrs. Horatio Oliver Ladd [née Earriett Vaughn Abbott], “History of the University of New Mexico for our Children, Commenced in the fall of 1884 and written at intervals through the winter of 1885 and unfinished,” unpublished TSS., unnumbered leaves 10–11. Ladd Papers.

20. Diary, 7–9. Commenting on this, the Ritch-controlled Santa Fe Academy's Report stated, “Of the third school year, 1880–1881, it is sufficient to say, that on account of the gross mismanagement and consequent unpopularity of the successor of Mr. Strieby [Ladd], it was quite unsatisfactory, resulting, before the close of the school in the demand for, and the starting of a rival school, which drew largely from the several departments of the Academy, leaving a mere nominal attendance.” Report of the Fourth Year of Santa Fe Academy… 1881–1882 ([Santa Fe]: New Mexican, [1882]), 3, Scrapbook VIII, 251 ff., Ritch Collection.

21. Christian Advance, 12. 16, 1880,Google Scholar Scrapbook VIII, no page, Ritch Collection.

22. Letter, Ladd to William M. Berger, Santa Fe, Aug. 11, 1881, Lodd Papers.

23. Scrapbook VIII, unnumbered insert facing 265, Ritch Collection. Ladd writes a detailed commentary on the summer's negotiations in Diary, 34–36.

24. For an interesting account of this event and the circumstances surrounding the Ladd family at this time, see Reeve, Frank D.. “The Old University of New Mexico at Santa Fe,” New Mexico Historical Review, VIII (07, 1933), 201–210.Google Scholar

25. Diary, 7.

26. Ibid., 9.

27. Hood, E. Lyman, The New West Education Commission 1880–1893 (Jacksonville, Fla.: H. & W. B. Drew Co., 1905), 78.Google Scholar Cf. Diary, 35.

28. “Autobiography,” 8.

29. Ladd, [6] of 8 unnumbered leaves, unpublished MSS., n. d., Ladd Papers.

30. “Autobiography,” 12–15; Diary, 67, ff.

31. Ladd, memorandum to Senator Blair for use in appropriation hearing, May 9, 1884, 2, Ladd Papers.

32. Ibid., 4.

33. Letter, President Grover Cleveland to Ladd, Dec. 9, 1886, Ladd Papers.

34. Pamphlet, “The University of New Mexico,” [Ladd, 1887]; Cf. Ladd, “Educational Work in Santa Fe, as connected with the University of New Mexico,” unpublished TSS. [1885?], 6, Ladd Papers.

35. Ladd, [6] of 7 unnumbered MS. leaves, dated May 15, 1925, Lodd Papers.

36. Photographs and drawings, Ladd Papers.

37. University of New Mexico [Santa Fe], An Account of the Exercises at the Laying of the Corner-stone of Whitin Hall, 10 21, 1882… ([Santa Fe]: Published by the University, 1883)Google Scholar, passim.

38. In 1890–1891 this academy had 220 elementary and 13 secondary school pupils. Report of the Commissioner of Education, 1890–91, op. cit., II, 1328, Table 7.

39. “Autobiography,” 16–18. An undated copy of a letter of recommendation written by the prominent editor and churchman, Lyman Abbott, presumably at the time of Ladd's admission as a postulant in the Episcopal Church, absolves Ladd of any blame in this episode. Abbott was a first cousin of Mrs. Ladd.

40. “Autobiography,” 24–25, ff.

41. Request for funds, University of New Mexico, unsigned, dated December 20, 1881, Ladd Papers.

42. Ladd, , Fighting in Mexico (New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., [c. 1883]), 322.Google Scholar

43. Undated request for funds, University of New Mexico, signed by Ladd [1883?;], Ladd Papers.

44. See N. W. E. C. broadside, November, 1880, Scrapbook VIII, 219–221, Ritch Collection.

45. For discussion, see, Sweet, William Warren, Religion in the Development of American Culture, 1765–1840 (New York: Charles Seribner's Sons, 1952), 171–172Google Scholar; and, Billington, Ray A., “Anti-Catholic Propaganda and the Home Missionary Movement, 1800- 1860,” Mississippi Valley Historical Review, XXII (12, 1935), 361–384CrossRefGoogle Scholar [incorrectly cited in Sweet]. Although these deal with an earlier period, the entire process was recapitulated in New Mexico in the latter nineteenth century.

46. Ladd, , The Story of New Mexico, in Brooks, Elbridge S., ed., “The Story of the States” Series (Boston: D. Lothrop Co., [c. 1891]), 419.Google Scholar

47. Ibid., 423.

48. Letter, Ladd to Directors of the American College Aid Society, Boston, October 6, 1884. “Essays, notes, etc.,” Ladd Papers.

49. MS. dated Santa Fe, Dec. 1881 [1880?;], “Report of Ladd of work at Santa Fe Academy for month of Nov. 1881 [sic?;]”, Ladd Papers.

50. Ladd, “Educational Work in Santa Fe…,” supra cit., 3.

51. University of New Mexico, An Account of the Exercises… op. cit., 11; cf. pampblet, “Present Conditions and Needs of the University of New Mexico,” dated Jan. 1, 1884, 3, Ladd Papers.

52. “Editorial Correspondence,” signed “C. H. H.,” The Advance, 02. 16, 1882,Google ScholarLadd Papers and Ritch Collection.

53. Diary, 74.

54. Article dated March 21, 1882 in Denver, Inter Ocean, 04 1, 1882,Google Scholar signed by Ritch and others; for further evidence of Ritch's attitude toward Ladd, see marginal gloss of Ladd's account of U. N. M. progress in New Mexican article dated 04 8, 1882Google Scholar in Scrapbook VIII, 240–241, Ritch Collection. In addition to questioning the veracity of several statements, Ritch comments, “Bosh!… Balderdash!”

55. Ladd Papers, passim; Diary, 32.

56. Revísta Católica, IX (06 30, 1883), 301.Google Scholar

57. Anonymous review of The Story of New Mexico, Nation, LIV (03 24, 1892), 237.Google Scholar

58. Hood, op. cit., 79.

59. Letter, Charles J. Rhoads, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, U. S. Department of the Interior, to Ada Knowlton Chew, March 22, 1932, Ladd Papers.

60. Report of the Commissioner of Education, 1890–91, op. cit., II, 1327–1328, Table 7.