Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-06T02:21:03.208Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Development of Democracy in the English Reformation*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 July 2009

R. E. E. Harkness
Affiliation:
Crozer Theological Seminary, Chester, Pa.

Extract

The English Reformation appeals to an American student of Christian history largely, perhaps, because of his cultural heritage of language and customs, political philosophy and organizations, and religious views and institutions. There is in the study something of the pleasure of looking up one's family tree; the pride of discovering some noble ancestor, who worthily served his day, firmly established in its branches and the equally joyous, though perhaps guilty, thrill upon finding some other ancestor, not quite so worthy, hanging from one of the strong oak limbs of the ancient tree.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of Church History 1939

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 William, Stubbs, The Early Plantagenets (New York, 1891), 60f.Google Scholar

2 Gee, and Hardy, , Documenta Illustrative of the History of the English Church (London, 1914), 58.Google Scholar

3 Ibid., 58.

4 Ibid., 57. “I refused to do fealty, nor will I, because neither have I promised it, nor do I find that any predecessors did it to your predecessors.” Letter of William to Gregory VII, 1076.

5 Ibid., 63.

6 William, Stubbs, Constitutional History (Oxford, 18961897), I, 462.Google Scholar

7 Gee, and Hardy, , op. cit., 69f.Google Scholar

8 Terry, B., A History of England (Chicago, 1901), 263.Google Scholar

9 Stubbs, W., Select Charters (Oxford, 1895), 316.Google Scholar

10 Trevelyan, , G. M., History of England (New York, 1926), 178ff.Google Scholar

11 Terry, B., op. cit., 278.Google Scholar

12 DunbarIngram, T. Ingram, T., England and Rome, 8.Google Scholar

13 Gee, and Hardy, , op. cit., “The Barons' Letter, 1301,” pp. 8991Google Scholar. “Our aforesaid lord the king, for the rights of his kingdom of Scotland or other temporalities, shall in no wise answer judicially before you, nor undergo judgment in any matter whatsoever, nor bring into doubtful questioning his rights aforesaid … Neither do we permit, nor in any way will we permit, as we neither can nor ought, that our aforementioned lord the king, even if he should wish it, should do, or in any wise attempt the premises so unusual, undutiful, prejudicial, and otherwise unheard of.”

14 Ingram, , op. cit., 99.Google Scholar

15 Gee, and Hardy, , op. cit., 92ff.Google Scholar

16 Ingram, , op. cit., 100, footnote.Google Scholar

17 Ibid., 101.

18 Ibid., 105. Gee, and Hardy, , op. cit., 112.Google Scholar

19 Ernst, Troeltsch, The Social Teachings of the Christian Churches (London, 1931). I, 358.Google Scholar

20 Workman, H. B., John Wyclif (Oxford, 1926), II, 23.Google Scholar

21 John, Froissart, The Chronicles of England, France and Spain (London, 1868), I, 652.Google Scholar

22 Terry, B., A History of England, 535 ff.Google Scholar

23 Gee, and Hardy, , op. cit., 243.Google Scholar

24 See, Ingram, , England and RomeGoogle Scholar, Ch. III, See. II, in which he insists that by this act England did not reject the spiritual headship of the pope but that Paul II by his Bull of August 30, 1535, drove the English church “from the universal fold.”

25 Preserved, Smith, The Age of the Reformation (New York, 1920), 294.Google Scholar

26 Gee, and Hardy, , op. cit., 303.Google Scholar

27 Green, J. R., Short History of the English People (New York, 1895), Chap. VII, 381Google Scholar. “No woman ever lived who was so totally destitute of the sentiment of religion.”

28 Zurich Letters, 1558–79 (Parker Society Publications), 3.Google Scholar

29 Ibid., 7.

30 Gee, and Hardy, , op. cit., 416.Google Scholar

31 Ibid., 442 ff.

32 Zurich Letters, 9.Google Scholar

33 Works of John Jewel (Parker Society Publications), XXV, 59Google Scholar ff. Cf. Strype, , Annals, I, Pt. II, 466Google Scholar. “By these words, every particular church we understand every particular kingdom, province or region, which by order maketh one Christian society or body, according to distinction of countries and orders of the same.”

34 Ibid., 267.

35 Haller, W., The Rise of Puritanism (New York, 1938), 13.Google Scholar

36 Works of John Whitgift (Parker Society Publications), I, 23.Google Scholar

37 Ibid., I, 290.

38 Strype, , Annals, II, Pt. II, 335.Google Scholar

39 Works of John Whitgift (Parker Society Publications), I. 20.Google Scholar

40 Ibid., 105.

41 Thomas, Helwys, The Mystery of Iniquity (London, 1935), 68.Google Scholar

42 John, Keble, Works of Richard Hooker (Oxford, 1841), I, 17.Google Scholar

43 Journal of the House of Commons, 05, 1614.Google Scholar

44 “Agreement of the People,” British Museum, E 411 (9).

45 Brown, L. F., Baptists and Fifth Monarchy Men, 10 f.Google Scholar

46 “An Appeal to the House of Commons,” British Museum, E 564 (5).

47 “The Law of Freedom,” British Museum, E 655 (8).

48 “The True Levellers Standard Advanced,” British Museum, E 552 (2).

49 “The Agreement of the People,” British Museum, E 411 (9).

50 “The Fiery Flying Roule,” British Museum, E 587 (13).

51 “A Second Fiery Flying Roule,” British Museum. E 587 (14).

52 For a study of all these groups, see: Bernstein, Eduard Cromwell and Communism; Berens, L. H., The Digger Movement (London, 1906)Google Scholar; Gardiner, S. R., History of the Commonwealth (New York, 1903).Google Scholar

53 Carlyle, T., Cromwell's Letters and Speeches. Speech, Little Parliament, 07 4, 1653.Google Scholar

54 Gee, and Hardy, , op. cit., 576 ff.Google Scholar

55 Brown, L. F., Baptists and Fifth Monarchy Men, 33n.Google Scholar

56 Carlyle, T., op. cit., Letter to John Cotton, Boston, Mass. 10 1651.Google Scholar

57 Ibid., (Story of Cromwell's death).

58 Gee, and Hardy, , op. cit. (Declaration of Breda. A. D. 1660), 585.Google Scholar

59 Gee, and Hardy, , op. cit., 632.Google Scholar

60 Terry, B., A History of England, 804.Google Scholar

61 Gee, and Hardy, , op. cit., 654.Google Scholar