No CrossRef data available.
Article contents
The Church of England in the Old Oregon Country
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 July 2009
Extract
Most historians of the Pacific Northwest attribute the beginning of Christian missions in the old Oregon country to the appearance at St. Louis, Missouri, in the fall of 1831 of four Nez Perce Indians. According to Protestant sources these Indians were seeking the “Book of Life;” according to Roman Catholics they sought the “Blackrobes,” as the Jesuit missionaries were known. Some modern historians, unable to account for the Indians' interest in Christianity, have even asserted that they had no religious interest at all. The publicity given this event caused the Methodist Church to send out the Reverend Jason Lee in 1834, and the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions to send out the Reverend Samuel Parker in 1835. As a result of these exploratory trips the Methodists established themselves in the Willamette Valley and the American Board sent Marcus Whitman, Henry Spalding and W. H. Gray in 1836 and Cushing Eells, Elkanah Walker and A. B. Smith in 1838 into the area of eastern Washington and Idaho now called the Inland Empire. The Roman Catholic priests, Fathers DeMers and Blanchet, arrived at Fort Vancouver in the fall of 1838.
- Type
- Research Article
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © American Society of Church History 1953
References
1. For a study of the historical forces at work in the Pacific Northwest during the major period of this article see De Voto, Bernard, Across the Wide Missouri (Boston, 1947).Google Scholar
2. Billington, Ray A., Westward Expansion (New York: 1949), p. 515.Google Scholar
3. Garraghan, Gilbert J., The Jesuits in the Middle United States, (New York 1938), II, 343.Google Scholar
4. Church Missionary Society Proceedings, 1819–1920; quoted in British Columbia Historical Quarterly XI, 13–29.Google Scholar
5. Oliphant, J. Orin, “George Simpson and the Oregon Missions,” Pacific Historical Review, VI, 223–229.Google Scholar
6. An Historical Account of the Form ation of the Church Missionary's North West America Mission and its Progress to August 1848 (London 1849), pp. 8–9.Google Scholar
7. Oliphant, op. cit., pp. 230–233.
8. Frederick, Merk (ed), Fur Trade and Empire: Geo-rge Simpson's Journal (Cambridge 1931), p. 138Google Scholar; Ross, Alexander, Fur Hunters of the Far West (London 1855), II, 158–160.Google Scholar
9. Drury, Clifford M., “Oregon Indians in the Red River School,” Pacific Historical Review, VII, 54Google Scholar; Tucker, Sarah, Rainbow of the North; a short account of the first establishment of Christianity in Rupert's Land by the Church Missionary Society (London 1851) p. 70.Google Scholar
10. D. T. Jones to Secretary, Church Missionary Society, July 25, 1832, C.M.S. Archives.
11. An Historical Account of the Formation of the Church Missionary's North West America Mission and its Progress to August 1848, pp. 17–18; Clifford M. Drury, “Oregon Indians in the Red River School,” op. cit., p. 57; Wm. McKay, , “Early Missions,” Oregon Churchman, 12 15, 1873.Google Scholar Dr. Wm. McKay, himself part Indian, was born at Astoria, Oregon, in 1822, and was a physician on the Umatilla Indian Reservation.
12. Drury, Clifford M., Henry Harmon Spalding (Caldwell, Idaho, 1936), pp. 78–79.Google Scholar
13. Clifford M. Drury, “Oregon Indians in the Red River School,” op. cit., pp. 286–287.
14. Garraghan, op. cit., III, 237. De Voto, op. cit., pp. 13–15.
15. Drury, , Henry Harmon Spalding, p. 78nGoogle Scholar; Drury, “Oregon Indians in the Red River School,” op. cit., p. 57;; Wm. McKay, “Early Missions,” op. cit.
16. Townsend, John K., Narrative of a Journey across the Rocky Mountains, to the Columbia River, and a visit to the Sandwich Islands, etc. with a scientific appendix (Philadelphia 1839), pp. 245–247.Google Scholar
17. Parker, Samuel, Journal of an Exploring Tour beyond the Rocky Mountains, under the direction of the A.B.C.F.M. performed in the Years 1835, '36, and '37 (Ithaca, New York, 1838), p. 98.Google Scholar
18. Lewis, William S., “The Case for Spokane Garry,” Bulletin of the Spokane Historical Society, 01 1917, pp. 13–15.Google Scholar
19. Parker, op. cit., pp. 289–290.
20. “The Unpublished Journal of William H. Gray from December 1836 to October 1837 Letter of John McLoughlin. March 1, 1833,” Washington Historical Quarterly, II, 167–168.Google Scholar
28. Lamb, W. Kaye, “Introduction,” Letters of John McLoughlin from Fort Vancoitver to the Governor and Committee, First Series, 1825–1838 (Toronto 1941), Rich, E. E. (ed), p. xxx.Google Scholar
29. Fur Trade marriages were sometimes conducted along Indian tribal customs, sometimes were very informal. At this time they had no legal standing.
30. Hudson's Bay Company Archives, B223/b/19.
31. For a complete account of the dispute between McLaughlin and Beaver see Jessett, Thomas E., “Origins of the Episcopal Church in the Pacific Northwest, I. The Church of England,” Oregon Historical Quarterly XLVIII, 225–244.Google Scholar
32. Lamb, W. Kayo (ed), “The James Douglas Report on the ‘Beaver Affair,’” Oregon Historical Quarterly, XLVII, 16–28.Google Scholar
33. Photostatie copies of the Registers of Baptisms, Marriages and Burials performed by the Reverend Herbert Beaver at Fort Vancouver in the possession of Thomas E. Jessett. Originals at Christ Church Cathedral, Victoria, B. C.
34. Register of Baptisms performed by the Reverend Herbert Beaver at Fort Vancouver, Page 5, Entry No. 40.
35. Durham, N. W., History of the City of Spokane and Spokane County, Washington, from the Earliest Settlement to the Present Time (Spokane 1912), I, 153–154.1Google Scholar
36. Spirit of Missions, 1873, pp. 623–632Google Scholar; 754–755.
37. Lewis, op. cit., p. 52.
38. Farrar, Victor J. (ed), “The Nisqually Journal,” Washington Historical Quarterly, XI, 228Google Scholar; XIII, 63–64.
39. Slater, G. Hollis, “Rev. Robert John Staines: Pioneer Priest, Pedagogue, and Political Agitator,” British Columbia Historical Quarterly, XIV, 187–240.Google Scholar
40. Proceedings of the Third Annual Connocation of the Clergy and Laity of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Territories of Oregon and Washington, 1855.