¹ Calendar of the Manuscripts of the Marquess of Ormonde, K. P., Preserved at Kilkenny Castle. Reports of the Historical Manuscripts Commission (London: HMSO, 1920), 8 (n.s.), 389–91Google Scholar; Harris, Tim, Revolution: The Great Crisis of the British Monarchy, 1685–1720 (New York: Penguin, 2006), 433–434Google Scholar; Carrigan, William, History and Antiquities of the Diocese of Ossory (Dublin: Sealy, Bryers & Walker, 1905), 3:135–136Google Scholar. Original spelling kept, but orthography (long s, v) modernized, and italics and all caps usually ignored.

² Mather, The Way to Prosperity. A Sermon Preached to the Honourable Convention Of the Governour, Council, and Representatives of the Massachuset-Colony in New-England; on May 23. 1689 (Boston, 1690)Google Scholar, 4.

³ Tenison, Richard, A Sermon Preach'd to the Protestants of Ireland in the city of London at St. Helens, Octob. 23, 1690 (London, 1690), 14–16Google Scholar.

⁴ Locke, John, Two Treatises of Government, ed. Laslett, Peter (New York: New American Library, 1965), 172Google Scholar; Butler, Samuel, Hudibras (London, 1663; repr. 1689)Google Scholar, 2 (I.i.11–12).

⁵ [Jeremy Collier?,] “An Answer to the Desertion Discuss'd” (London, 1689), reprinted in “A Eleventh Collection of Papers Relating to the Present Juncture of Affairs in England,” in A Compleat Collection of Papers, In Twelve Parts (London, 1689)Google Scholar, 1; [John Goter?], Good Advice to the Pulpits, Deliver'd in a few Cautions For the Keeping up the Reputation of those Chairs, And Preserving the Nation in Peace (London, 1687)Google Scholar, 19.

⁶ Canaries, James, Rome's Additions to Christianity Shewn to be Inconsistent with the True Design of so Spiritual a Religion. In a Sermon Preached at Edinburgh, in the East-Church of St. Giles. Feb. 14. 1686 (Edinburgh, 1686)Google Scholar, [(a)3v]; Mackqueene, John, Gods Interest in the King, Set forth in a Sermon Preached in the Cathedral of Edinburgh October the 14th. At the Anniversary Commemoration of His Majesties Birth (London, 1687), 7Google Scholar; [Wetenhall], Edward, The Way to Peace and Publick Safety. As it was Delivered in Sermon In Christs Church in the City of Cork, and elsewhere: in the heat of the late Rebellions of Argile and Monmouth (Dublin, 1686), 8Google Scholar; [Vesey], Archbishop of Tuam, A Sermon Preach'd to the Protestants of Ireland, In and about the City of London, at St. Mary Le Bow in Cheapside, Octob. 23. 1689 (London, 1689), 31Google Scholar.

⁷ For comparison, a search in The English Short Title Catalogue (ESTC), 1689–1692, returns 453 works with the word “sermon” in the title, without regard to place of publication; 402 were published in England, 17 in Scotland (although two of these were preached in Londonderry), 10 in Ireland; and only one in Massachusetts (which was actually preached in 1687). This search list is incomplete: some are not sermons, and some published in one place originated elsewhere. But the proportions suggest that some twenty to forty sermons were published in England (that is, largely London) for every one published in Edinburgh, Dublin, or Boston combined. While virtually every printed occasional or state sermon printed in the latter cities has been consulted, as well as 10–20% of those published in London, I cite only those quoted. For the complete sample, see Newton Key, comp., “Bibliography of Occasional or State Sermons across the Atlantic Archipelago, published 1685–1711,” http://works.bepress.com/newton_key/8.

⁸ See especially contributions to Ferrell, Lori Anne and McCullough, Peter, eds., The English Sermon Revised: Religion, Literature and History 1600–1750 (Manchester, U.K.: Manchester University Press, 2000)Google Scholar; McCullough, Peter, Adlington, Hugh, and Rhatigan, Emma, eds., The Oxford Handbook of the Early Modern Sermon (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011)Google Scholar; and, Francis, Keith A. and Gibson, William, eds., The Oxford Handbook of the Modern British Sermon, 1689–1901 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

⁹ Douglas, David C., English Scholars, 1660–1730 (London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1951), 14Google Scholar; Levine, J. M., Humanism and History: Origins of Modern English Historiography (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1987), 13Google Scholar, 87.

¹⁰ Pocock, J. G. A., “The Origins of Study of the Past: A Comparative Approach,” Comparative Studies in Society and History 4, no. 2 (1962): 213Google Scholar.

¹¹ Burgess, Glenn, The Politics of the Ancient Constitution: An Introduction to English Political Thought, 1603–1642 (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1992), 102–105CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Lauzon, Matthew, “Welsh Indians and savage Scots: History, antiquarianism, and Indian languages in 18th-century Britain,” History of European Ideas 34, no. 3 (2008): 267CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

¹² Goldie, “The Revolution of 1689 and the Structure of Political Argument: An Essay and Annotated Bibliography of Pamphlets on the Allegiance Controversy,” Bulletin of Research in the Humanities 83 (1980): 473–562Google Scholar, esp. 524–62. By my count, 98 of the 192 pamphlets Goldie lists fall under this clerical debate category. Of these about 47 are either by William Sherlock or are direct responses to his The Case of the Allegiance due to Soveraign Powers, Stated and Resolved (London, 1691)Google Scholar. Goldie includes three printed sermons and one pamphlet based on a sermon.

¹³ Greenberg, Janelle and Marin, Laura, “Politics and Memory: Sharnborn's Case and the Role of the Norman Conquest in Stuart Political Thought,” in Politics and the Political Imagination in Later Stuart Britain: Essays Presented to Lois Green Schwoerer, ed. Nenner, Howard (Rochester: University of Rochester Press, 1997), 135Google Scholar.

¹⁴ Clark, J. C. D., The Language of Liberty, 1660–1832: political discourse and social dynamics in the Anglo-American world (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), 17–18Google Scholar.

¹⁵ Pocock, J. G. A., The Ancient Constitution and the Feudal Law: A Study of English Historical Thought in the Seventeenth Century (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1957, 1987)Google Scholar, esp. 233, 263.

¹⁶ Hill, Christopher, “The Norman Yoke,” in Puritanism and Revolution (London: Secker & Warburg, 1958)Google Scholar, quoted in Reid, John Phillip, The Ancient Constitution and the Origins of Anglo-American Liberty (De Kalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2005)Google Scholar, 91. See also, Greenberg, Janelle, The Radical Face of the Ancient Constitution: St. Edward's “Laws” in Early Modern Political Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001)Google Scholar; Weston, C. C., “England: ancient constitution and common law,” in The Cambridge History of Political Thought, 1450–1700, ed. Burns, J. H. and Goldie, Mark (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), 374–411Google Scholar.

¹⁷ Kidd, Colin, “Protestantism, Constitutionalism and British Identity Under the Later Stuarts,” in British Consciousness and Identity: The Making of Britain, 1533–1707, ed. Bradshaw, Brendan and Roberts, Peter (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998)Google Scholar, esp. 328, 323; idem, British Identities Before Nationalism: Ethnicity and Nationhood in the Atlantic World, 1600–1800 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999)Google Scholar, passim, esp. 102–71; Smyth, Jim, “‘Like Amphibious Animals’: Irish Protestants, Ancient Britons, 1691–1707,” Historical Journal 36, no. 4 (1993): 785–797CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Briggs, Robin, “From the German Forests to Civil Society: The Frankish Myth and the Ancient Constitution in France,” in Civil Histories: Essays Presented to Sir Keith Thomas, ed. Burke, Peter, Harrison, Brian, and Slack, Paul (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), 231–249Google Scholar; Hart, James S. and Ross, Richard J., “The Ancient Constitution in the Old World and the New,” in The World of John Winthrop: Essays on England and New England, 1588–1649, ed. Bremer, Francis J. and Botelho, Lynn A. (Boston: Massachusetts Historical Society, 2006)Google Scholar, esp. 245.

¹⁸ Pittock, Murray G. H., Inventing and Resisting Britain: Cultural Identities in Britain and Ireland, 1685–1789 (New York: St. Martin's, 1997), 7Google Scholar; Ronald Dixon, “The Long Gallery at Holyrood,” Notes and Queries 9th ser., 10 (November 8, 1902): 366; Guilding, Ruth A., “The De Wet Apostle paintings in the chapel at Glamis Castle,” Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 116 (1986): 433Google Scholar; Kendrick, T. D., British Antiquity (Methuen, 1950), 65–66Google Scholar, 84–85; George Mackenzie, A Defence of the Antiquity of the Royal-Line of Scotland (1685), esp. 190 mispag.; idem, The Antiquity of the Royal Line of Scotland Farther Cleared and Defended, Against the Exceptions lately offer'd by Dr. Stillingfleet, In his Vindication of the Bishop of St. Asaph (London, 1686)Google Scholar.

¹⁹ The Addres [sic] of the University of St. Andrews to the King (London, 1689), 12Google Scholar.

²⁰ A Short historical Account Concerning the Succession to the Crown of Scotland, and the Estates disposing of it, upon Occasion, as they thought fit (London, 1689), 1Google Scholar.

²¹ George Buchanan, The History of Scotland (London, 1690), 94–95, 97.

²² My understanding of the three-kingdoms context and terminology is informed by Samuel, Raphael, “British Dimensions: Four Nations' History,” History Workshop Journal 40 (1995): xiGoogle Scholar; Armitage, David, “Greater Britain: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis?,” American Historical Review 104, no. 2 (1999): 427CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Pocock, J. G. A., “British history: a plea for a new subject,” Journal of Modern History 47, no. 4 (1975): 603Google Scholar; Harris, Tim, “In Search of a British History of Political Thought,” in British Political Thought in History, Literature and Theory, 1500–1800, ed. Armitage, David (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), 89–108Google Scholar. I rely largely on a minimal “Anglophone” boundary of the subject.

²³ Woolf, Daniel, The Social Circulation of the Past: English Historical Culture 1500–1730 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003)Google Scholar, passim, esp. 9–10; The Uses of History in Early Modern England, also published as Huntington Library Quarterly 68, no. 1–2 (2005)Google Scholar.

²⁴ Rose, Craig, England in the 1690s: Revolution, Religion and War (Oxford: Blackwell, 1999), 154Google Scholar; Kenyon, John, Revolution Principles: The Politics of Party, 1689–1720 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977), 20Google Scholar; Goldie, Mark, “The Political Thought of the Anglican Revolution,” in The Revolutions of 1688, ed. Beddard, Robert (Oxford: Clarendon, 1991), 102–136Google Scholar.

²⁵ See Key, Newton E., “The Localism of the County Feast in Late-Stuart Political Culture,” Huntington Library Quarterly 58, no. 2 (1996): esp. 226Google Scholar.

²⁶ Canaries, Rome's Additions to Christianity, {[a]3v}; Tony Claydon, “The Sermon, the ‘public sphere’ and the political culture of late seventeenth-century England,” in The English Sermon Revised, 208, 211, 213, 217–218; Rosemary Dixon, “Sermons in Print, 1660–1700,” in The Oxford Handbook of the Early Modern Sermon, esp. 463; [John Vesey,]A Sermon Preach'd to the Protestants of Ireland, In and about the City of London, at St. Mary Le Bow in Cheapside, Octob. 23. 1689 (London, 1689), 31Google Scholar; [Charles Leslie,]Remarks on Some Late Sermons; And in Particular On Dr. Sherlock's Sermon at the Temple, Decemb. 30. 1694, 2nd ed. (London, 1695), 1Google Scholar, 12; [Pierre Allix], Reflections upon the opinions of some modern divines concerning the nature of government in general, and that of England in particular (London, 1689)Google Scholar; Utrum Horum; Or, God's Ways of Disposing of Kingdoms: and Some Clergy-men's Ways of Disposing of Them (London, 1691)Google Scholar.

²⁷ For example, see notes in Jephson, Michael, A Sermon Preached at St. Patrick's Church Dublin, On the 23th [sic] of October 1690 (Dublin, 1690)Google Scholar; and Tenison, A Sermon Preach'd to the Protestants of Ireland.

²⁸ Barnard, T. C., “The Uses of 23 October 1641 and Irish Protestant Celebrations,” English Historical Review 106 (1991): 895Google Scholar.

²⁹ For example, Williamson, David, A Sermon Preached in the High Church of Edinburgh, June 9th 1695 (Edinburgh, 1695)Google Scholar, [2].

³⁰ Lenman, Bruce, “Providence, Liberty, and Prosperity: An Aspect of English Thought in the Era of the Glorious Revolution,” in The World of William and Mary: Anglo-Dutch Perspectives on the Revolution of 1688–1689, ed. Hoak, Dale and Feingold, Mordechai (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1996), 136Google Scholar; Harris, “In Search of a British History of Political Thought,” 89; Ohlmeyer, Jane H., “The ‘Old’ British Histories?,” Historical Journal 50, no. 2 (2007): 503Google Scholar.

³¹ Francis J. Bremer, “Mather, Increase (1639–1723),” Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/18322. See also Smyth, “‘Like Amphibious Animals,’” 790.

³² David L. Wykes, “Williams, Daniel (c.1643–1716),” Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/29491; Williams, Daniel, The Protestants Deliverance from the Irish Rebellion Begun October 23. 1641. Being a Thanksgiving-Sermon, Preached the 23d of October, 1689 (London, 1690)Google Scholar, A2.

³³ See Claydon, “The Sermon, the ‘public sphere,’” 223.

³⁴ Burnet, Gilbert, A Sermon Preached before the House of Commons, On the 31st of January, 1688 (London and Boston, 1689)Google Scholar; Walker, A Sermon Being an Incouragement for Protestants, or a Happy Prospect of Glorious Success . . .: Occasionally on the Protestants Victory over the French and Irish Papists Before London-Derry (London and Edinburgh, 1689)Google Scholar; Harris, “In Search of a British History of Political Thought,” 102. For sermons as political thought, see Key, Newton E., “The Political Culture and Political Rhetoric of County Feasts and Feast Sermons, 1654–1714,” Journal of British Studies 33, no. 3 (1994): esp. 241–247CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

³⁵ Goldie, “The Revolution of 1689 and the Structure of Political Argument,” 485, in categorizing English political pamphlets, lists many pamphlets under more than one category.

³⁶ What follows is an analysis of sermons listed in Key, “Bibliography of Occasional or State Sermons . . .1685–1711”; compared with Letsome, Sampson, The Preacher's Assistant, in Two Parts (London, 1753)Google Scholar, part I, “the Texts Of all the Sermons . . . Preached upon, and published Since the Restoration.”

³⁷ For all sermons preached and printed 1689–1694, delivered before Irish auditories, there are 16 sermons, with 4 based on Psalms and 5 New Testament passages; 9 before Scots, with 3 based on Psalms and 2 New Testament; 9 before Bostonians, with none based on Psalms and 2 New Testament. For a sample of sermons delivered before English auditories and printed 1689–1692, there are 49 sermons, with 14 based on Psalms and 15 on New Testament.

³⁸ McFarland, Ronald E., “The Response to Grace: Seventeenth-Century Sermons and the Idea of Thanksgiving,” Church History 44, no. 2 (1975): 199–203Google Scholar.

³⁹ Straka, Gerald M., Anglican Reaction to the Revolution of 1688 (Madison, 1962)Google Scholar, ch. 6; Claydon, Tony, William III and the Godly Revolution (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996)Google Scholar, 229 and passim; Warren Johnston, “Preaching, National Salvation, Victories, and Thanksgivings: 1689–1800,” The Oxford Handbook of the Modern British Sermon, ch. 16.

⁴⁰ Tony Claydon, “The Sermon Culture of the Glorious Revolution: Williamite Preaching and Jacobite Anti-Preaching, 1685–1702,” in The Oxford Handbook of the Early Modern Sermon, 481–487; [Gilbert Burnet,]A Sermon Preached before the House of Peers in the Abbey of Westminster, On the 5th. of November, 1689 (London, 1689), 2Google Scholar; Patrick, Simon, A Sermon Preached At St. Paul's Covent Garden On the Day of Thanksgiving Jan. XXXI. 1688 (London, 1689)Google Scholar, 1, quoted in Johnston, “Preaching, National Salvation”; Matthijs Wieldraaijer, “Good Government and Providential Delivery: Legitimations of the 1672 and 1688 Orangist Revolutions in Dutch Sermons,” Dutch Crossing 34, no. 1 (2010): 42–58Google Scholar, esp. 50. See also, Burnet, Gilbert, A Sermon Preached before the House of Commons, On the 31st of January, 1688. Being the Thanksgiving-day For the Deliverance of this Kingdom from Popery and Arbitrary Power, By His Highness the Prince of Orange's Means (London, 1689)Google Scholar, 3, 30.

⁴¹ Ashe, George, A Sermon Preached in Trinity-College Chappell Before the University of Dublin, January the 9th. 1693/4 ([Dublin?], 1694), 6Google Scholar; Tillotson, John, A Sermon Preached at Lincolns-Inn-Chappel, On the 31th of January, 1688 (London, 1689)Google Scholar, 2, 18–19.

⁴² Mather, Cotton, The Wonderful Works of God Commemorated. Praises Bespoke for the God of Heaven In a Thanksgiving Sermon; Delivered on Decemb. 19. 1689 (Boston, 1690)Google Scholar, t.p.; Wetenhall, Sermon Preached Octob. 23, 1692, 15; Connolly, S. J., “The Glorious Revolution in Irish Protestant political thinking,” in Political Ideas in Eighteenth-Century Ireland, ed. Connolly (Dublin: Four Courts, 2000), 32Google Scholar.

⁴³ Richard Tenison, A Sermon Preach'd to the Protestants of Ireland in the city of London, 25. See also, The Speech Of the Right Reverend Anthony [Dopping] Bishop of Meath, when the Clergy waited on His Majesty at His Camp nigh Dublin, July 7, 1690 (repr. Edinburgh, 1690), 2; Stearne, John, King David's Case Apply'd to King James and King William; in a Sermon Preach'd at Christ-Church, Dublin, on the Fifth of November, 1691 (Dublin, 1691)Google Scholar, 4.

⁴⁴ Sherlock, The Case of the Allegiance, 10.

⁴⁵ Harris, Tim, “Incompatible Revolutions?: The Established Church and the Revolutions of 1688–1689 in Ireland, England and Scotland,” in The Stuart kingdoms in the Seventeenth Century: Awkward Neighbours, ed. Macinnes, Allan I. and Ohlmeyer, Jane H. (Dublin: Four Courts, 2002)Google Scholar, 219, 223; Jackson, Clare, Restoration Scotland, 1660–1690: Royalist Politics, Religion and Ideas (Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell, 2003), 201Google Scholar; McGuire, J. I., “The Church of Ireland and the ‘Glorious Revolution’ of 1688,” in Studies in Irish History presented to R. D. Edwards, ed. Cosgrove, A. and McCartney, D. (Dublin: University College, 1979), 143Google Scholar; Harris, “In Search of a British History of Political Thought,” 102.

⁴⁶ Claridge, Richard, Looking-Glass for Religious Princes: or, the Character and Work of Josiah, Delivered in a Sermon upon 2 Kings XXIII. XXV (London, 1691), 3Google Scholar.

⁴⁷ Sherlock, The Case of the Allegiance, 23. Emphasis added.

⁴⁸ See Goldie, Mark, “Edmund Bohun and Ius Gentium in the Revolution Debate, 1689–1693,” Historical Journal 20, no. 3 (1977): 569–586Google Scholar; and Jackson, Clare, “Revolution Principles, Ius Naturae and Ius Gentium in early Enlightenment Scotland: the contribution of Sir Francis Grant, Lord Cullen (c. 1660–1726),” in Early Modern Natural Law Theories: Contexts and Strategies in the Early Enlightenment), ed. Hochstrasser, Tim and Schröder, Peter (Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2003), 107–140Google Scholar.

⁴⁹ King, State of the Protestants of Ireland, 1–2.

⁵⁰ Bohun, quoted in Goldie, “Edmund Bohun and Ius Gentium,” 576.

⁵¹ Tenison, A Sermon Preach'd to the Protestants of Ireland in the city of London, 14.

⁵² Finglas, John, A Sermon Preached in the Cathedrall Church of St. Patrick's Dublin, on the 5th of November, 1690 before the Right Honourable the Lords Justices of Ireland (Dublin, 1690), 3Google Scholar.

⁵³ Compare [Burnet,], GilbertA Sermon Preached before the King & Queen at White-Hall, on Christmas-Day, 1689 (London, 1690), 21Google Scholar; with Vesey, John, A sermon Preached Before His Excellency the Ld. Lieutenant and the Two Houses of Parliament, in Christ's-Church, Dublin . . . : On Sunday, October 16. 1692 (London, 1692), 4–5Google Scholar; or Webster, A Sermon Preached . . .the 2d of Octob. 1694, 3.

⁵⁴ For example, [Burnet,] A Sermon Preached . . .on Christmas-Day, 1689, 22 (on Suetonius, Tacitus, and Pliny); [Gilbert Burnet,]A Sermon Preached before the King and Queen, at White-Hall, On the 19^th Day of October, 1690, 2nd ed. (London, 1690), 11–13Google Scholar (Augustus, Dioclesian, Maximian, Constantine); [Simon Patrick,]A Sermon Preached before the King and Queen at White-Hall April XVI. 1690 (London, 1690)Google Scholar, 26 (Romans, Greeks, Carthaginians).

⁵⁵ Patrick, Simon, A Sermon Preached At St. Paul's Covent Garden On the Day of Thanksgiving Jan. XXXI. 1688 (London, 1689), 35Google Scholar; Tillotson, John, A Sermon Preached at Lincolns-Inn-Chappel, On the 31th of January, 1688. Being the Day Appointed for A Publick Thanksgiving to Almighty God For having made His Highness The Prince of Orange The Glorious Instrument of the Great Deliverance of This Kingdom from Popery & Arbitrary Power (London, 1689), 18Google Scholar.

⁵⁶ Spalding, John, A Sermon Preached before His Grace, George Earl of Melvil, Their Majesties High Commissioner, and The Nobility, Barons, and Burrows, Members of the High Court of Parliament. In the Parliament-House, upon Sunday, May 11. 1690 (Edinburgh, 1690), 18Google Scholar. See also, Mackqueen[e], The magistrat's dignity, duty, & danger set forth in a sermon preached in the High Church of Edinburgh, on the anniversary day of the election of the magistrats [about April 5, 1689] (London, 1693)Google Scholar, 14, 17; Meldrum, A Sermon concerning Zeal for Religion, Consistent with Moderation. Preached at Edenburgh On Sunday the 27th of April, 1690 (Edinburgh, 1690), 8–9Google Scholar.

⁵⁷ Mather, The Wonderful Works of God Commemorated, t.p.; Nora, P., “Between history and memory: Les lieux de mémoire,” Representations 26 (1989): 7–25Google Scholar.

⁵⁸ Williamson, David, A Sermon Preached before his Grace the King's Commissioner, And the Three Estates of Parliament, June the 15th. 1690 (Edinburgh, 1690), 13Google Scholar. See also Jephson, A Sermon Preached at St. Patrick's Church Dublin, 8; Stearne, John, A Sermon To bring to Remembrance God's Wonderful Mercies at the Boyn; Preach'd On the Second Day of July, 1699, At St. Nicholas within, Dublin (Dublin, 1699), 10Google Scholar.

⁵⁹ A True Discovery Of the Private League between the late King James and the King of France To Destroy all the Protestants of Europe (London, [June 10] 1689), broadside; An Account of the Pretended Prince of Wales, and Other Grievanses [sic], That occasioned the Nobilities Inviting and the Prince of Orange's Coming into England (London, 1688), 5Google Scholar; Knights, Mark, “Faults on Both Sides: The Conspiracies of Party Politics under the Later Stuarts,” in Conspiracies and Conspiracy Theory in Early Modern Europe, ed. Coward, Barry and Swann, Julian (Aldershot, U.K.: Ashgate, 2004), 153–172Google Scholar. Sermons reciting the history of the Design include: Burnet (January 31 and November 5, 1689), William Lloyd (November 5, 1689), Wilson (June 18, 1690), Freeman (November 5, 1690), and Fleetwood (November 5, 1691). Tillotson (January 31, 1689) connected this design to the history of threats to the ancient constitution.

⁶⁰ [Lloyd,] A Sermon Preached before Their Majesties At Whitehall, On the Fifth day of November, 1689 (London, 1689), 22–23; Gilbert Burnet, A Sermon Preached before the House of Commons, 14–15; Claydon, Tony, Europe and the Making of England, 1660–1760 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), 74Google Scholar.

⁶¹ [Leslie,] Remarks on Some Late Sermons, 3, 5, 14. Employment based on ODNB and title-page information. Those who became the Williamite episcopacy are analyzed in Pincus, Steve, 1688: The First Modern Revolution (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2009), 403–442Google Scholar.

⁶² My sample of forty-one English sermons includes the three sermons Goldie, “The Revolution of 1689,” lists among the pamphlets of the allegiance controversy. There are no printed sermons from Welsh clergy in this period, except those of the English-born bishop of St. Asaph, William Lloyd, who may be considered an English court preacher. Stephen K. Roberts, “The Sermon in Early Modern Wales: Context and Content,” in The Oxford Handbook of the Early Modern Sermon, 303–323.

⁶³ Quote is from Carswell, Francis, England's Restoration parallel'd in Judah's: or, the Primitive Judge and Counsellor. In a Sermon before the Honourable Judge at Abington Assizes, for the County of Berks, Aug. 6. 1689 (London, 1689), 29Google Scholar, which does adumbrate specific continental crises over the entire seventeenth century.

⁶⁴ Patrick, S[i]mon, A Sermon Preached At St. Paul's Covent-Garden, On the First Sunday in Lent; Being A Second Part of the Sermon Preached before the Prince of Orange (London, 1689), 17Google Scholar. Other sermons refer briefly to solely one event of England's history in the past century: Wake (June 5, 1689, history of papal schisms), Patrick (April 16, 1690, the Civil Wars), Burnet (November 26, 1691, 1588 repeated in 1688), and Sherlock (January 30, 1692, Charles I and 1649).

⁶⁵ [Lloyd,]A Sermon Preached before the King & Queen at White-Hall, March the Twelfth, 1689/90. Being The Fast-Day (London, 1690), 12–13Google Scholar, 19.

⁶⁶ [Tillotson,]A Sermon Preached at Lincolns-Inn-Chappel, On the 31th of January, 1688 (London, 1689), 18–19Google Scholar; Tillotson's May 29, 1693 sermon, in The Works Of the Most Reverend Dr. John Tillotson, 3rd ed. (London, 1722)Google Scholar, 1:214, quoted in Pincus, 1688, 417.

⁶⁷ Sherlock, A Sermon Preach'd before the Honourable House of Commons, 12–13, 19.

⁶⁸ Canaries, James, A Sermon Preacht at Selkirk Upon the 29th of May, 1685 (Edinburgh, 1685)Google Scholar, 15, 6.

⁶⁹ Mackqueene, Gods Interest in the King set forth in a sermon, 8–9, 29.

⁷⁰ Printed in The Addres [sic] of the University of St. Andrews, 19–20.

⁷¹ The Addres [sic] of the University of St. Andrews, 18.

⁷² Canaries, James, A Sermon Preached at Edinburgh, In the East-Church of St. Giles, upon the 30th of January, 1689 (Edinburgh, 1689), 50–51Google Scholar.

⁷³ Raffe, Alasdair, “Episcopalian Polemic, the London Printing Press and Anglo-Scottish Divergence in the 1690s,” Journal of Scottish Historical Studies 26, 1/2 (2006): 23–41Google Scholar; Henderson, G. D., Religious Life in XVII-Century Scotland (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1937)Google Scholar, ch. 9; Crawford Gribben, “Preaching the Scottish Reformation, 1560–1707,” in The Oxford Handbook of the Early Modern Sermon, 271–286.

⁷⁴ “Declaration of the Scottish Convention of the Estates,” http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Claim_of_Right; An Address Sign'd by the greatest part of the Members of Parliament of Scotland, And Deliver'd to His Majesty At Hampton-Court, the 15th day of October, 1689 (London, [1689]), 6Google Scholar; Harris, Revolution, 402–407; Rose, England in the 1690s, 209–210; Harris, Tim, “The People, the Law, and the Constitution in Scotland and England: A Comparative Approach to the Glorious Revolution,” Journal of British Studies 38, no. 1 (1999): 28–58Google Scholar, esp. 34; Alasdair J. N. Raffe, “Religious Controversy and Scottish Society, c.1679–1714” (Ph.D. diss., University of Edinburgh, 2007), http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3455, esp. 43, 110–115.

⁷⁵ Mackenzie's translation of A Letter from the nobility, barons, & commons of Scotland in the year 1320 . . . , directed to Pope John (repr. Edinburgh, 1689), revealed that Robert the Bruce had “the true right of succession.” Jackson, Restoration Scotland, 211; A Continuation of the Proceedings of the Convention of the Estates in Scotland, no. 2 (March 18–19, 1689), 14; Clare Jackson, “Mackenzie, Sir George, of Rosehaugh (1636/1638–1691),” Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/17579.

⁷⁶ C[lark], J[ames], A Sermon Preached at the Kirk of Auldhamstocks, September the 28, 1690 (Edinburgh, 1690), 7–8Google Scholar; Spalding, John, A Sermon Preached before His Grace, George Earl of Melvil, Their Majesties High Commissioner, and The Nobility, Barons, and Burrows, Members of the High Court of Parliament. In the Parliament-House, upon Sunday, May 11. 1690 (Edinburgh, 1690), 20–21Google Scholar; Spalding, John, A Sermon Before His Grace John Earl of Tullibardine, His Majesties High Commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland: The Nobility, and Members of the Honourable Court of Parliament then present in the High-Church of Edinburgh. The 13 of September, 1696 (Edinburgh, 1696), 3Google Scholar; Williamson, A Sermon Preached . . . June the 15th. 1690, 3, 5; Rule, Gilbert, A Sermon Preached before His Grace the Kings commissioner, And the Three Estates of Parliament, May the 25th. 1690 (Edinburgh, 1690), 13Google Scholar.

⁷⁷ Lenman, Bruce P., “The poverty of political theory in the Scottish Revolution of 1688–1690,” in The Revolution of 1688–1689, ed. by Schwoerer, Lois G. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), 244–245Google Scholar.

⁷⁸ Williamson, A Sermon Preached . . . June the 15th. 1690, 22–24.

⁷⁹ A Vindication Of the present Great Revolution in England: In Five Letters Pass'd betwixt James Welwood, M.D. and Mr. John March, Vicar of Newcastle upon Tyne (London, 1689)Google Scholar, 5 (February 11), 21 (February 19, 1688/9).

⁸⁰ See, for example, Meldrum, A Sermon concerning Zeal for Religion, 13; Williamson, A Sermon Preached in the High Church of Edinburgh, June 9th 1695, 24–25. For the sufferings of Scottish Episcopalians, see [Morer, Thomas, Sage, John, and Monro, Alexander], An Account of the Present Persecution of the Church of Scotland in several letters (London, 1690)Google Scholar; and, surprisingly, [Charles Leslie,]An Answer to a Book, Intituled, The State of the Protestants in Ireland Under the Late King James's Government (London, 1692)Google Scholar, “to the Reader,” np.

⁸¹ Fleming's authorship of Britain's Jubilee. A Congratulatory Poem on the Descent of His Highness the Prince of Orange into England; and Their Highnesses Accession to the Crown; and Solemn Coronation April 11. 1689 (London, 1689)Google Scholar, np., noted in Jackson, Restoration Scotland, 197n.

⁸² Wetenhall, A Sermon Preached Octob. 23, 1692, 2, 12; Tenison, A Sermon Preach'd . . . Octob. 23, 1690, 21–22. See also, Walker, A Sermon Being an Incouragement for Protestants, 8; Gillespie, Raymond, “Temple's fate: reading The Irish Rebellion in late seventeenth-century Ireland,” in British Interventions in Early Modern Ireland, ed. Brady, Ciaran and Ohlmeyer, Jane (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2005), 324–325Google Scholar; King, Europe's Deliverance from France and Slavery, A4v; Walkington, Edward, A sermon preached Octob. 23, 1692 in St. Andrews Church, Dublin, before the House of Commons (Dublin, 1692), 12Google Scholar.

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⁸⁴ King, Europe's Deliverance from France and Slavery, 2–7, 11, esp. 4–5. Hill, Jacqueline, “Popery and Protestantism, Civil and Religious Liberty: The Disputed Lessons of Irish History, 1690-1812,” Past & Present 118 (1988): 100CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Harris, “Incompatible Revolutions?,” 221–223.

⁸⁵ King, Europe's Deliverance from France and Slavery, 8; Pincus, 1688, 271.

⁸⁶ Finglas, A Sermon Preached . . . the 5th of November, 1690, 6–7, 9–10.

⁸⁷ Travers, A Sermon Preached in St. Andrew's Church Dublin. Before the Honourable the House of Commons, the Twenty Third of October, 1698 (Dublin, 1698), 5Google Scholar.

⁸⁸ [King,] The State of the Protestants of Ireland, 31, 115; [Wetenhall,] The Case of the Irish Protestants, 6.

⁸⁹ Tenison, A Sermon Preach'd . . . Octob. 23, 1690, 14–15, echoing a 1567 MS, Calendar of the Carew Manuscripts preserved in the Archiepiscopal Library at Lambeth, ed. Brewer, J. S. & Bullen, W. (London, 1867–1873) VGoogle Scholar, document 239 (Lambeth Palace Library, MS 613, p. 51a).

⁹⁰ Tenison, A Sermon Preach'd . . . Octob. 23, 1690, 14–16.

⁹¹ Thomas, Keith, The Perception of the Past in Early Modern England (London: University of London, 1984), 2–3Google Scholar.

⁹² McConville, Brendan, The King's Three Faces: The Rise and Fall of Royal America, 1688–1776 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006), 82Google Scholar; Hart and Ross, “The Ancient Constitution,” 237–289; Reid, The Ancient Constitution, passim.

⁹³ Mather, Although Cotton, Work upon the ark (Boston, 1689)Google Scholar, was delivered at North Meeting House, Boston, on the accession day of Queen Elizabeth (November 17), it is not clearly an occasional sermon; and Lee, Samuel, The great day of judgment by Boston in New-England, 2nd ed. (London, 1692)Google Scholar, was preached before the Assizes, October 7, 1687.

⁹⁴ Benjamin Lewis Price, Nursing Fathers: American Colonists' conception of English Protestant Kingship, 1688–1776 (Lanham, Md.: Lexington, 1999)Google Scholar, 66, 71; Johnson, Richard R., “The Revolution of 1688–9 in the American Colonies,” in The Anglo-Dutch Moment: Essays on the Glorious Revolution and its world impact, ed. Israel, Jonathan I. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), 234Google Scholar; James II in Vincent Alsop, The Humble Address of the Presbyterians, Presented to His Majesty, by Mr. Hurst, Mr. Chester, Mr. Slater, Mr. Oeakes, Mr. Roswell, Mr. Turner, Mr. Franklin, Mr. Deal, and Mr. Reynolds ([London?], 1687), verso.

⁹⁵ Cotton Mather, The Wonderful Works of God Commemorated, 33, 45–46, 48; Mather, Cotton, Fair Weather. Or Considerations to Dispel the Clouds, & Allay the Storms of Discontent (Boston, 1692), 19Google Scholar.

⁹⁶ The Declaration, Of the Gentlemen, Merchants, and Inhabitants of Boston, and the Countrey Adjacent (Boston, 1689)Google Scholar, [2].

⁹⁷ Mather, Cotton, The Serviceable Man. A Discourse Made unto the General Court of the Massachusets Colony, New-England, At the Anniversary Election, 28d. 3 m. 1690 (Boston, 1690), 63Google Scholar; idem, The Wonderful Works of God Commemorated, ded.; idem, The Present State of New-England. Considered in a Discourse On the Necessities and Advantages of a Public Spirit In Every Man . . . . Made at the Lecture in Boston 20. D. 1. M. 1690 (Boston, 1690), 29Google Scholar; idem, The Way to Prosperity, [sig. A2v].

⁹⁸ Silva, Alan J., “Increase Mather's 1693 Election Sermon: Rhetorical Innovation and the Reimagination of Puritan Authority,” Early American Literature 34, no. 1 (1999): 50Google Scholar; Mather, Increase, The Great Blessing of Primitive Counsellours Discoursed in a Sermon, Preached in the Audience of the Governour, Council, and Representatives of the Province of the Massachusets-Bay, in New England. May 31st, 1693 (Boston, 1693), 8–9Google Scholar, 17–18, 21.

⁹⁹ Miller, Perry, The New England Mind: From Colony to Province (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1953), 184Google Scholar; [Scottow], Old Mens Tears For their own Declensions (Boston, 1691)Google Scholar, A2, 3–4.

¹⁰⁰ Mather, The Way to Prosperity, 34; Magnalia Christi Americana; Or, the Ecclesiastical History of New-England, From its First Planting, in the Year 1620, Unto the Year of Our Lord 1698, ed. Robbins, Thomas (New York, 1852; repr. New York: Russell & Russell, 1967)Google Scholar, 1:42–43.

¹⁰¹ Lauzon, “Welsh Indians and savage Scots,” 252–253; Deacon, Richard, Madoc and the Discovery of America: Some New Light on An Old Controversy (New York: George Braziller, 1967), 29Google Scholar, 60, 68; Sir Tho. Herbert, Bt., Some Years Travels into Divers Parts of Africa and Asia the Great (London,1677), 394–395.

¹⁰² A royal title to the Americas drawn up in 1580 also made the claim. Williams, Gwyn A., “Welsh Wizard and British Empire: Dr John Dee and a Welsh Identity,” The Welsh in their history (Croon Helm, 1982), 16–25Google Scholar; Jenkins, Philip, A History of Modern Wales 1536–1990 (London: Longmans, 1992), 68Google Scholar.

¹⁰³ Mather, The Wonderful Works of God Commemorated, A2.

¹⁰⁴ Mather, Speedy repentance urged a sermon preached at Boston, December 29, 1689: in the hearing and at the request of one Hugh Stone, [a mis]erable man [under a just sen]tence of [death] for a [tragical and] hor[rible murder] (Boston, 1690)Google Scholar, A2.

¹⁰⁵ Ludington, Charles C., “From ancient constitution to British empire: William Atwood and the imperial crown of England,” in Political thought in Seventeenth-Century Ireland: Kingdom or Colony, ed. Ohlmeyer, Jane H. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000)Google Scholar, esp. 250–256; Patrick Kelly, “Recasting a tradition: William Molyneux and the sources of The Case of Ireland . . . Stated (1698),” in idem, esp. 95n.

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¹⁰⁷ William [King,]A Sermon Preach'd Before their Excellencies, the Lords Justices of Ireland, at the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, Dublin, alias Christ-Church, on the 7th. of September, 1704 (London, 1704), 9Google Scholar; Walley, A Sermon Preach'd, 8, 19; [John Arbuthnot,]A Sermon Preach'd to the People, by an able Divine at the Mercat-Cross of Edinburgh, On the Subject of the Union (Dublin, 1706), 2Google Scholar. Post-1700 sermons sampled are listed in Key, “Bibliography of Occasional or State Sermons . . . , 1685–1711.”

¹⁰⁸ See Nigel Aston, “Rationalism, the Enlightenment, and Sermons,” in The Oxford Handbook of the British Sermon, ch. 24.

¹⁰⁹ Edward [Smith,]A Sermon Preach'd in Christ-Church, Dublin, on Saturday the 23d of October, 1703 (Dublin, 1703)Google Scholar, 16; [William] Stoughton, A Sermon Preach'd before the State in Christ-Church in Dublin, on Monday January 31. 1708/9 (Dublin; repr. London, 1709), 9; Higgins, Francis, A Sermon Preach'd Before Their Excellencies the Lord Justices, at Christ-Church, Dublin; On Tuesday the 28th of August (Dublin, 1705), 10Google Scholar; Charles [Hickman,]A Sermon Preached at Christ-Church in Dublin, Before His Grace James Duke of Ormonde, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland; and the House of Lords. Upon the 5th of November, 1703 (Dublin, 1703), 3Google Scholar; [Arbuthnot], A Sermon Preach'd, 11; Jacques d' Aubigny, Anglia supplex & triumphans. A sermon preach'd at the French church, on Wednesday the ninth of April (Dublin, 1707)Google Scholar, 11; Pratt, Benjamin, A sermon preached before the Honourable House of Commons, at St. Andrew's Church, Dublin, May XXIX, 1709 (Dublin, 1709)Google Scholar, 7, 14; Pemberton, Ebenezer, The Divine Original and Dignity of Government Asserted; and An Advantageous Prospect of the Rulers Mortality Recommended. A Sermon Preached before His Excellency the Governour, the Honourable Council, and Assembly of the Province of the Massachusetts-Bay, in New-England, May 31. 1710 (Boston, 1710)Google Scholar, 13.