Article contents
The Li Li-san Line and the CCP in 1930 (Part I)
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 17 February 2009
Extract
It is the aim of this paper to examine the Chinese Communist movement in 1930 and in particular the policies which bore the name of Li Li-san. The Li Li-san “line” was essentially an attempt to use the rural based Red Army to gain an urban base for the Communist revolution in China. As such it marked a transitional period between the emphasis on urban uprisings of earlier years and complete withdrawal to the countryside after this period. Similarly it was a transitional period in the relations between the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the Communist International (CI), moving from the complete direction of the CCP from Moscow to the relative seclusion of the CCP in the 1930s.
- Type
- The Intellectuals (IV)
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © The China Quarterly 1963
References
1 Figures are conflicting; see the translation in Survey of China Mainland Press (Hong Kong: U.S. Consulate-General) of Shih-shih Shou-ts'e, 06 25, 1954Google Scholar, for one version.
2 Brandt, Conrad, Schwartz, Benjamin and Fairbank, John K., A Documentary History of Chinese Communism (London: Allen & Unwin, Ltd., 1952), p. 143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3 North, Robert C., KMT dnd Chinese Communist Elites (Stanford: Stanford Un. Press, 1952), p. 118.Google Scholar
4 United States Archives (Mukden: U.S. Consulate-General), 04 9, 1928.Google Scholar
5 North, Robert C., Moscow and Chinese Communists (Stanford: Stanford Un. Press, 1953), p. 131.Google Scholar
6 Schwartz, Benjamin, Chinese Communism and the Rise of Mao (Cambridge: Harvard Un. Press, 1951), p. 128.Google Scholar
7 Isaacs, Harold, The Tragedy of the Chinese Revolution (Stanford: Stanford Un. Press, 1951), p. 399.Google Scholar
8 Schwartz, , op. cit., p. 137.Google Scholar
9 Tse-tung, Mao, Selected Works (London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1954), I, p. 122.Google Scholar
10 The above biographical material was taken from a variety of sources; Particularly Hsin-huang, Liu, Ch'ih-mo Ch'un Hsiang (Portraits of Red Leaders [Taipei: 1951])Google Scholar; Hsien Tai Shih Liao (Materials on Modern History) (Shanghai: Hai-t'ien Ch'u-pan she, 1933)Google Scholar; Ang, Li, Hung Se Wu Tai (The Red Stage) (Hong Kong: Sheng-Li Ch'u-pan she, 1941)Google Scholar; and Brandt, Conrad, “The French Influence on the CCP,” Hong Kong University Golden Jubilee Symposium, Hong Kong, 1962.Google Scholar
11 Pu-erh-sai-wei-k'o (Bolshevik), 05 10, 1931, p. 10.Google Scholar
12 Reizo, Otsuka, Shina Kyosan to shi (History of the CCP, Tokyo, Sei Katsu-sha, 1940), p. 3.Google Scholar
13 Ibid, for the former position and Tso-liang, Hsiao, Power Relations within the Chinese Communist Movement, 1930–34 (Seattle: Un. of Washington Press, 1961), p. 61.Google Scholar
14 Shao-yu, Ch'en, Liang T'iao Chan Hsien (The Two Battle Lines) (Wu-ch'ang chieh-chi shu-chu, 1931), p. 84.Google Scholar
15 Ken'ichi, Hatano, Shina kyosan to shi (Tokyo: Gaimusho Joho Bu, 1932), p. 490.Google Scholar
16 Yah-kang, Wan, The Rise of Communism in China, 1920–50 (Hong Kong: Chung-shu Publishing Co., 1952), p. 19.Google Scholar
17 Brandt, , Schwartz, and Fairbank, , op. cit., p. 206.Google Scholar
18 Communism in Chinaz, Document A, 1932, p. 5.Google Scholar
19 Mif, Pavel, Heroic China (New York: Workers' Library Publishers, 1937), p. 67.Google Scholar
20 Brandt, , Schwartz, and Fairbank, , op. cit., p. 206.Google Scholar
21 Liang-li, T'ang, Suppressing Communist Banditry in China (Shanghai: China United Press, 1934), p. 64.Google Scholar
22 Communism in China, Document A, p. 5.Google Scholar
23 Mif, Pavel, Heroic China, p. 67.Google Scholar
24 Tse-tung, Mao, Selected Works, I, p. 99.Google Scholar
25 Communism in China, pp. 13–14.Google Scholar
26 Roy, M. N., Revolution and Counter-revolution in China (Calcutta: Renaissance Publishers, 1946), p. 620.Google Scholar
27 Tse-tung, Mao, Selected Works, Vol. 1, p 105.Google Scholar
28 Communism in China, p. 16.Google Scholar
29 The Communist (New York), X, No. 18, 01 1931, p. 85.Google Scholar
30 Hans Neumann, preface to The Armed Insurrection.
31 Roy, M. N., op. cit., p. 640.Google Scholar
32 Inprecor (International Press Correspondence, Moscow), 03 21, 1930, p. 267.Google Scholar
33 Brandt, , Schwartz, and Fairbank, , op. cit., p. 190.Google Scholar
34 North, , Moscow and the Chinese Communists, p. 132.Google Scholar
35 Pu-erh-sai-wei-k'o, 05 15, 1930, p. 28.Google Scholar
36 Ibid. p. 29.
37 Brandt, Schwartz and Fairbank, ibid., p. 126.
38 Pu-erh-sai-wei-k'o, 05 10, 1931, p. 4.Google Scholar
39 Neumann, , op. cit.Google Scholar
40 Inprecor, X, 03 1930, p. 294.Google Scholar
41 Schwartz, , op. cit., p. 145.Google Scholar
42 Shao-yu, Ch'en, op. cit., p. 62.Google Scholar
43 Pu-erh-sai-wei-k'o, 05 10, 1931, p. 34.Google Scholar
44 Kara-Muiza, T., Strategia i taktika v natsionalno kolonialnoi revolutsii, na primere, kitaia (Moscow: 1934), p. 273.Google Scholar
45 Isaacs, , op. cit., p. 403.Google Scholar
46 Brandt, , Schwartz, and Fairbank, , op. cit., p. 205Google Scholar
47 Kara-Murza, , op. cit., p. 284.Google Scholar
48 Schwartz, , op. cit., p. 145.Google Scholar
49 Inprecor, X, 03 1930, p. 267.Google Scholar
50 Brandt, , Schwartz, and Fairbank, , op. cit., p. 197.Google Scholar
51 Inprecor, X, 04 10, 1930, p. 348.Google Scholar
52 Smedley, Agnes, The Great Road (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1956), p. 274.Google Scholar
53 Neumann, Hans, op. cit., p. 33.Google Scholar
54 Brandt, , Schwartz, and Fairbank, , op. cit., p. 191.Google Scholar
55 Snow, Edgar, Red Star Over China (New York: Random House, 1938), pp. 152–3.Google Scholar
56 Smedley, Agnes, The Great Road, p. 252.Google Scholar
57 Kuang, Li, Chung Kuo Hsin Chun Tui (China's New Army) (Soviet Union: 1936), p. 83.Google Scholar
58 Inprecor, X, p. 509.Google Scholar
59 Ibid., X, September 18, 1930, p. 907.
60 Hatano, , op. cit., p. 509.Google Scholar
61 Brandt, , Schwartz, and Fairbank, , op. cit., p. 191.Google Scholar
62 Shao-yü, Ch'en, op. cit., p. 19.Google Scholar
63 Snow, Edgar, Random Notes on Red China (Cambridge: Harvard Un. Press, 1957), p. 16.Google Scholar
64 Manuilsky, Dmitri, The Communist Parties and the Crisis of Capitalism (Moscow: 1931), p. 58.Google Scholar
65 Ibid.
66 Pu-erh-sai-wei-k'o, 05 10, 1936, p. 6.Google Scholar
67 Yakhontof, V. A., Russia and the Soviet Union in the Far East (New York: Coward-McCann, 1931), p. 422.Google Scholar
68 Brandt, , Schwartz, and Fail-bank, , op. cit., pp. 194–195.Google Scholar
69 Pu-erh-sai-wei-k'o, 05 15, 1930.Google Scholar
70 Kara-Murza, , op. cit., p. 285.Google Scholar
71 Brandt, , Schwartz, and Fairbank, , op. cit., p. 189.Google Scholar
- 3
- Cited by