Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T23:55:11.244Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Exploring the Neglected Constraints on Chindia: Analysing the Online Chinese Perception of India and its Interaction with China's Indian Policy*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 September 2011

Simon Shen
Simon Shen
Affiliation:
Hong Kong Institute of Education. Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In recent years, the governments of China and India have initiated a strategic partnership. Talks of creating an integrated “Chindia” economic hub have been commonplace. Many studies have been undertaken from conflicting perspectives on bilateral relations at the high level, but how ordinary Chinese people view their contemporary Indian counterparts and how this provides a civic dimension to the partnership remains under-explored. In an authoritarian nation where exhibiting sentiments contrary to the party-state's policy is not encouraged and remains uncommon, the Chinese have increasingly relied upon the internet to express their views on various aspects of policy, including that towards India. Using systematic, qualitative research on the online community, this article categorizes the various opinions expressed by Chinese internet users about India, the Indians and Beijing's Indian policy; analyses the apparent huge gap between these perceptions and the official rhetoric of Beijing; and forecasts how such perceptions might influence future Sino-Indian relations.

Type
Special Section on the Internet in China
Information
The China Quarterly , Volume 207 , September 2011 , pp. 541 - 560
Copyright
Copyright © The China Quarterly 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Dikötter, Frank, Discourse of Race in Modern China (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1992)Google Scholar.

2 Xiaoxue, Liu, “Can India surmount China?” Shijie zhishi (World Affairs), No. 5 (2004), pp. 46–48Google Scholar.

3 Yuan, Hu, “Is India going to take over China?” Zhongguo qiyejia (China Entrepreneur), No. 6 (2004), pp. 34–36Google Scholar.

4 Yaodong, Wang, “India is ferocious,” Dongbei zhi chuang (Window of North East), No. 6 (2009), pp. 62–63Google Scholar.

5 Dexiong, Zhan, “Treat the Indian complex attitude rationally,” Shishi baogao (Report on Current Affairs), No. 7 (2009), pp. 49–52Google Scholar.

6 Ling, Wei, “Analysing the American–Indian relationship and its implication for China,” Jiaoxue yu yanjiu (Teaching and Research), No. 5 (2007), pp. 67–72Google Scholar.

7 Kinxia, Chen and Daguo, Li, “Chinese countermeasures for solving the Tibet matter,” Yinshan xuekan (Yinshan Academic Journal), Vol. 19, No. 3 (2006), pp. 93–97Google Scholar.

8 Songwen, Zhong, “Co-operation and balance: Chinese strategic choice towards India,” Chongqing Keji xueyuan xuebao (Journal of Chongqing University of Science and Technology), No. 3 (2009), pp. 48–49Google Scholar.

9 http://bbs1.people.com.cn/boardList.do?action=postList&boardId=1, accessed 28 September 2009.

10 http://bbs.tiexue.net, accessed 28 September 2009.

11 http://www.china.com.cn/bbs/, accessed 28 September 2009.

12 http://fuxing.bbs.cctv.com/, accessed 28 September 2009.

13 www.tianya.cn, accessed 28 September 2009.

14 http://bbs.ifeng.com/, accessed 28 September 2009.

15 http://bbs.fobshanghai.com/, accessed 28 September 2009.

16 http://club.backchina.com/, accessed 28 September 2009.

17 Arvaja, M.et al., “Combing individual and group-level perspectives to study collaborative knowledge construction in context,” Learning and Instruction, No. 17 (2007), pp. 448–59CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

18 “Asan” is a slang term which originated in Shanghai and was spread widely by the internet; “acha” originates from Guangdong and was used mainly by Cantonese-speaking Chinese in the south.

19 Message ID 93663485#2, SNF. Message ID 93664003, SNF.

20 Message ID 1354243 #7, FBF.

21 Message ID 306752 #6, FBF.

22 Message ID 29715 #28, BCN. Message ID 2178657 #9, CIB.

23 Message ID 1722889 #6, FBF. Message ID 1529660 #13, FBF.

24 Xuan Zhuang, Datang xiyi ji, p. 876b.

25 Message ID 1088563 #3, FBF.

26 Message ID 1088563 #1, FBF.

27 Message ID 167038, TYC.

28 Message ID 2278124 #1, SNF.

29 Message ID 42607 #105, PF.

30 Message ID 3454720 #1, PNF.

31 Message ID 355875 #34, PF.

32 Message ID 209497, TYC. Message ID 3303358 #1, PNF.

33 Message ID 426072 #23, PF.

34 Message ID 167002, TYC.

35 Message ID 426072 #85, PF. Message ID 426072 #39, PF. Message ID 426072 #73, PF.

36 Message ID 426072 #76, PF.

37 Sen, Amartya Kumar, Development as Freedom (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), p. 260Google Scholar.

38 Message ID 18314771 #1, SNF. Message ID 87784687 #1, SNF.

39 Message ID 392668 #1, PF.

40 Message ID 3562936 #1, PNF. Message ID 3567032 #91, PNF.

41 Message ID 3477290 #16, PNF.

42 Message ID 3523548 #17, PNF.

43 Message ID 3567032 #146, PNF.

44 Message ID 426072 #30, PF.

45 Message ID 3477290 #9, PNF. Message ID 3523548 #3, PNF.

46 Message ID 3567032 #110, PNF. Message ID 3567032 #88e, PNF.

47 Message ID 89506631 #1, SNF.

48 Message ID 91039362 #4, SNF.

49 Message ID 89560747 #1, SNF.

50 Message ID 84519636, SNF. Message ID 9368277, SNF. Message ID 4080724, PNF.

51 Message ID 3358568 #10, PNF.

52 Message ID 430200 #8, PF. Message ID 3118130 #21, PNF.

53 Message ID 3534189 #40, PNF.

54 Message ID 2461105, SNF. Message ID 92632777, SNF. Message ID 92711694, SNF.

55 Message ID 96366718, SNF. Message ID 96662460, SNF.

56 Message ID 91003595, SNF. Message ID 92307358, SNF.

57 Message ID 96013871, SNF.

58 Message ID 3549699 #24, PNF.

59 Message ID 3303358 #25, PNF.

60 “Shashi Tharoor has mentioned that the Dalai Lama's presence in India is irritating China,” The India Server, 11 November 2009; Message ID 95706547 #1, SNF.

61 Message ID 95654789, PNF.

62 Message ID 91003595, SNF. Message ID 92307358, SNF

63 Message ID 4080724, PNF.

64 “Zhongguo wangmin linguo yinxiang diaocha” (“A survey on Chinese netizens’ attitudes about neighbouring states”), Guoji xianqu daobao (International Herald Leader), 10 December 2007.

65 “India takes her own ill effects: Nepal requests India to return one third of invaded territory!” blog entitled Return of the King, 2008, http://junshi.blog.china.com/200812/4138202.html.

66 Message ID 227274, TYC.

67 Message ID 95706547 #4 and 5, SNF. Message ID 3454754 #13, PNF.

68 Message ID 11937005, RF. Message ID 3887672, CIB.

69 Message ID 3485334 #4, PNF.

70 Liang, Qiao and Xiangsiu, WongChaoxian zhan (War of Unlimited Boundaries) (Beijing: Jiefangjun chubanshe, 1999)Google Scholar. Message ID 3485334 #3, PNF.

71 Message ID 3874558, PNF.

72 Message ID 3485334 #15, PNF.

73 Message ID 84519636, SNF. Message ID 9368277, SNF. Message ID 4080724, PNF.

74 Message ID 227308, TYC. Message ID 231643, TYC.

75 Message ID 228018, TYC.

76 Message ID 167002, TYC.

77 Taubman, Geoffry, “A not-so world wide web: the internet, China, and the challenges to nondemocratic rule,” Political Communication, Vol. 15, No. 2 (1998), p. 268CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

78 Chase, Michael and Mulvenon, James, You've Got Dissented! Chinese Dissidents Use of Internet and Beijing's Counter-Strategies (Santa Monica: RAND, 2002)Google Scholar.

79 Shen, Simon, “Holding nationalist flags against red flags,” East Asia: An International Quarterly, Vol. 24, No. 3 (2007), pp. 229–50CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

80 Wu, Xu, Chinese Cyber Nationalism: Evolution, Characteristics and Implications (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2006), pp.155, 212Google Scholar.

81 Message ID 29715 #45,46,50, BCN.

82 Message ID 1354243 #7, FBF.

83 Sud, Hari, “Chinese and US lead information warfare,” UPI Asia.com, 17 July 2009Google Scholar.

84 “China's cyber warfare against India,” Indian Post, 23 June 2008Google Scholar.