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6. Muhua, Chen, “Developing population science,” p. 1Google Scholar.

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8. Renmin ribao, 8 March 1978.

9. Renmin ribao, 6 December 1982.

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12. New China News Agency, Beijing, 25 09 1980Google Scholar.

13. Renmin ribao, 14 February 1982.

14. See Office of Population Research, Renkou lilun, pp. 90–97.

15. Renmin ribao, 11 August 1979.

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19. Xinzhong, Qian, “To implement birth planning is a basic national strategy of our country,” Hongqi, No. 23 (1982), p. 11Google Scholar.

20. See Tao, Ren and Bing, Yue, “Population and employment,” Beijing Review, 28 03 1983, pp. 17–22Google Scholar.

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23. Xinzhong, Qian, “To implement birth planning,” p. 10Google Scholar.

24. Guangming ribao, 27 October 1981.

25. Qiang, Lei et al. , ”To advocate eugenics and to raise population quality,” Zhongshan daxue xuebao, No. 2 (1981), p. 29Google Scholar; Dongsheng, Sun, “Popularizing the knowledge of eugenics and advocating optimal birth vigorously,” Renkou yanjiu, No. 4 (1981), p. 41Google Scholar.

26. Dawen, Yang, Li, Zheng and Suping, Liu, Basic Knowledge about The New Marriage Law (Beijing: People's Press, 1981), pp. 42–43Google Scholar. In the 1950 marriage law collateral relatives except brothers and sisters were not prohibited marriage partners. Thus, the new rule has enlarged the legally exogamous group.

27. See Muhua, Chen,“Developing population science,” p. 7Google Scholar; and Qiange, Lei et al. , “To advocate eugenics,” p. 31Google Scholar.

28. Ibid. p. 31.

29. Xinzhong, Qian, “To implement birth planning,” p. 12Google Scholar.

30. See New China News Agency, 29 June 1979; and Renmin ribao, 9 September 1980, p. 2; 13 September 1980, p. 5.

31. The Chinese translation appears on p. 3 of the Chinese version of the book published by Beijing, the People's Press, 1972.

32. Yuanliang, Zhou, “To recognize the importance of the two-fold production theory in Mantism” Jiangxishehui kexue, Nos. 5–6 (1981), p. 46Google Scholar; Yu, Si, “On the role of population in social development,” Jingjixue dongtai, No. 5 (1981), p. 24Google Scholar.

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35. Li, Zhang, “A summary of the discussion on the theory of the two-fold character of production,” Renkou yanjiu, No. 5 (1982), p. 2Google Scholar.

36. Du, Cheng, “Fertility survey in the rural area of Hubei province,” Renkou yanjiu, No. 5 (1982), p. 31Google Scholar. Another analysis of the findings of the same survey was published as Du, Cheng, “The reproduction of rural population - an analysis of a survey,” Jingji yanjiu, No. 6 (1982), pp. 51–57Google Scholar.

37. Office of Birth Planning, Xicheng District, Beijing, et al., “A population survey in the western urban district of Beijing,” Renkou yanjiu, No. 1 (1981), p. 31Google Scholar; Ziyingef, Wang et al. , “A survey report on the population and economy of the Qingbaikou commune in the Mentougou district of Beijing,” Jingji kexue, No. 4 (1981), pp. 71–72Google Scholar; Ersheng, Gao et al. , “A cohort analysis of the fertility of the ‘July 1st’ people's commune in Shanghai county,” Renkou yanjiu, No. 3 (1982), p. 46Google Scholar; and Wenhua, Wu et al. , “How peasants view one couple with only one child,” Renkou yanjiu, No. 4 (1981), p. 45Google Scholar.

38. See He Kuoguan, et al. , “What should be focused on in rural family planning as judged by a population survey in Huai Yuan county,” Renkou yanjiu, No. 2 (1982), p. 49Google Scholar; and the case of the dumb woman reported in Zhejiang ribao, 1 November 1983.

39. See Xiuzhen, Li, “Focusing on quality as the principle to compile the Dictionary of Demography and trying to work faster on that basis,” Renkou yanjiu, No. 6 (1982), p. 9Google Scholar.

40. Du, Cheng, “Fertility survey in the rural area of Hubei province,” p. 31Google Scholar.

41. This was hinted at in a report on a symposium about rural population problems held in Hunan. SeeRenkou yanjiu. No. 1 (1983), p. 63Google Scholar.

42. See Xing, Su, ”Responsibility system and the development of collective economy in rural areas,” Jingji yanjiu, No. 11 (1982), pp. 3–9Google Scholar; Johnson, G. E., “The production responsibility system in Chinese agriculture: some examples from Guangdong,” Pacific Affairs, Vol. 55, No. 3 (1982), pp. 430–51CrossRefGoogle Scholar; and Chai, C. H., “Changes in property rights and income distribution under China's baogan daohu system,” paper presented at the conference on “Development and Distribution in China,” Centre of Asian Studies, University of Hong Kong and Goethe Institute, Hong Kong, 14–17 03 1983Google Scholar.

43. See Renmin ribao, 2 February 1982, p. 5; “A brief report on Hunan's first conference on demography,” Qiu Suo, No. 3 (1982), pp. 121–22Google Scholar; and Huaiyu, Zhang, “On population and economy as well as the peasant problem of rural population control,” Jingji yanjiu, No. 12 (1981), p. 37Google Scholar.

44. Yungui, Zhao, “On the theoretical basis, strategic meaning and important Approaches of Controlling Population Growth,“ in Renkou wenti yu sihua (The Population Problem and the Four Modernizations) (Sichuan: Sichuan People's Press, 1981), p. 346Google Scholar.

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46. Beijing Review, 25 April 1983, p. 9.

47. For a report on popular reactions to a widely-publicized case of infanticide, see Hongjuan, Mei, “The nature of the case of killing one's own baby daughter,” Shehui, No. 1 (1983), pp. 28–30Google Scholar. It is significant that some parents have openly expressed some degree of sympathy for the culprit.

48. Wenruo, Hou, “Population policy,” p. 76Google Scholar; see also Muhua, Chen, “Developing population science,” p. 3Google Scholar.

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50. See Zhongke, Jia, “An analysis of the elements in the Kajak population,” Zhongyang minzu xueyuan xuebao, No. 2 (1983), p. 86Google Scholar; Tianlu, Zhang and Xiuyin, Chen, “The increase of the population of the minority nationalities and the prosperity of nationalities in Gutzhou province,” Zhongyang minzu xueyuan xuebao, No. 1 (1983), p. 24Google Scholar; and The Secretariat of the Chinese Population Science Society, “A summary of the seminar on the population survey of China's minorities,” Renkou yanjiu, No. 2 (1983), p. 63Google Scholar.

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53. See Xinyuan, Du, “Implement birth planning and control population growth,” in Renkou wentiyu sihua, p. 16Google Scholar.

54. “On the average, each person takes 10 times to be persuaded. The most difficult person can take up to 100 times,” said one official. See South China Morning Post, 19 May 1982.

55. See Shushi, Li, “Correctly understand and handle the new situation and problems of the reproduction of peasants,” Renkou yu jingji, No. 2 (1982), p. 47Google Scholar; and Remin ribao, 7 November 1982, p. 1.

56. On under-reporting of births in Guangzhou, , see Ming bao [Hong Kong], 27 01 1983Google Scholar. On a large discrepancy in urban population figures as revealed by the 1982 census and administrative records, see Beijing Review, 14 February 1983, p. 28. Lucien Bianco believes that the doubtful quality of local population statistics is more a product of indifference towards figures than deliberate fudging of the records. See Bianco, L., “Birth control in China: local data and their reliability,” China Quarterly, No. 85 (03 1981), pp. 119–37CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

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59. See Xiaobing, Yang, “Planned parenthood, Shandong style,” Beijing Review, 14 02 1983, p. 26Google Scholar, Shushi, Li, “Correctly understand and handle the new situation,” p. 48Google Scholar.

60. Chen, Pi-chao, “Population and birth planning,” p. 601Google Scholar.

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62. See “Birth planning in China,” Draper Fund Report, No. 8 (1980), p. 14Google Scholar; People's Government of Rongcheng county, Shandong province, “To develop the family planning work deeply through following the working method of ‘Taking three as the keys,’” Renkou yanjiu, No. 6 (1982), p. 26Google Scholar.

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77. Ibid. p. 477.

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89. Ibid. p. 75.

90. See, e.g., Dixin, Xu, “On several problems about demography,” Jingji yanjiu, No. 4 (1981), p. 8Google Scholar. Xu is the president of the newly-established Chinese Demographic Society.

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