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The International Standing of the Republic of China on Taiwan*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 February 2009

Michael Yahuda
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Extract

In the 1990s Taiwan began to pose a complex new challenge to the international community. At issue is Taiwan's attempt to revise the so-called “one China” policy as it had been previously understood. By seeking to be treated as a separate state that was distinct from mainland China, Taiwan was embarking on a new approach that confronted the Beijing government with what it saw as the totally unacceptable prospect of secession by a renegade province that would in effect subvert China's unity and national coherence.

Type
Taiwan's Foreign Relations
Information
The China Quarterly , Volume 148 , December 1996 , pp. 1319 - 1339
Copyright
Copyright © The China Quarterly 1996

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References

1 For analyses of the various dimensions of these see David, Shambaugh (ed.), Greater China (Oxford:Clarendon Press, 1995) based on The China Quarterly, Special Issue No. 136 (December 1993).Google Scholar

2 Samuel, Kim, “Taiwan and the international system: the challenge of legitimation,” in Robert, Sutter and William, Johnson (eds.), Taiwan in World Affairs BoulderGoogle Scholar

3 Taiwan Relations Act, Congressional record, House 125, No. 38, 16 March 1979: H1668–70.

4 For a clear and succinct account of the history of the developments summarized in the last two paragraphs see Simon, Long, Taiwan: China's Last Frontier (London: Macmillan, 1991), chs. 7 and 8, pp. 158–226Google Scholar. For the trade figures see Table 8 in Gary, Klintworth, New Taiwan, New China: Taiwan's Changing Role in the Asia-Pacific Region (Sydney:Longman Australia, 1995), p. 305.Google Scholar

5 Renmin ribao (People's Daily), 10 October 1991, in Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report: China(FBIS-CHI), 15 October 1991, p. 33.

6 For the latest authoritative statement see the white paper issued by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Taipei, The Republic of China on Taiwan and the United Nations (Taipei, Central News Agency [henceforth CNA], 11 September 1995, in BBC Summary of World Broadcasts (SWB) FE/2409, pp. F1-F5.

7 “ROC terminates hostilities towards Peking,” Free China Journal, 2 May 1991, p. 1.

8 For a detailed account of these and related matters, see Kim, “Taiwan and the international system,” esp. pp. 157–166.

9 Hungdah, Chiu, The International Legal Status of the Republic of China (Baltimore, Maryland: Occasional Papers /Reprint Series in Contemporary Asian Studies, revised version, No. 5, 1992), pp. 3–7.Google Scholar

10 Louis, Henkin Richard Crawford Pugh, Oscar Schachter and Hans Smit, International Law, Cases and Materials (St. Paul, Minn.: West Publishing Co., lsted. 1980,2nd ed. 1987), pp. 208 and 278, respectively. Cited in Hungdah Chiu, The International Legal Status, p. 10Google Scholar

11 Crawford, J., The Creation of States in International Law (London:Oxford University Press, 1979), p. 151, as cited by Hungdah Chiu, The International Legal Status, p. 1Google Scholar

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13 Hungdah Chiu, International Legal Status, pp. 3–14 where several American and European legal scholars are cited to this effect.

14 For an excellent discussion of these and related matters see June Teufel Dreyer, “Taiwan's position regarding transnational issues,” in Sutter and Johnson, Taiwan in World Affairs, pp. 113–143

15 Mark, Mon-Chang Hsieh, The 1989 U.S.-Republic of China (Taiwan) Fisheries Negotiations (Baltimore, Maryland:University of Maryland, Occasional Papers/Reprints Series in Contemporary Asian Studies, No. 4, 1991), p. 3.Google Scholar

16 1 September 1993 interview with delegation of international scholars invited to a conference organized by the DPP.

17 Kim, “Taiwan and the international system,” Table 5.4, p. 160.

18 Susan Yu, “Legislative election plan set,” The Free China Journal, 6 October 1995, p.l.

19 Fu, Jen-kun, Taiwan and the Geopolitics of the Asian-American Dilemma (New York, 1992) p. 79; cited in Hughes, National Identity, p. 275Google Scholar

20 An account that explains in some depth the significance of Japan in the development of Taiwan may be found in Klintworth, New Taiwan, New China, chs 2 and 5, pp. 26–53 and 110–141 respectively

21 Ralph, Clough, “The Republic of China and the international community in the 1990s,” in Bih-jaw, Lin (ed.), Comtemporary China and the Changing International Community (Taipei:Institute of International Relations, English Monograph Series No. 45, 1993), pp. 142–143.Google Scholar

22 For examples of Japanese concern see Kazuko, Mori, “China's pivotal role in the Asia-Pacific community,” Japan Review of International Affairs, Vol. 9, No. 3 (Summer 1995), pp. 228–234Google Scholar; and Shinkichi, Eto, “China and Sino-Japanese relations in the coming decades”. Vol. 10, No.1 (Winter 1996), pp. 16–34.Google Scholar

23 David Shambaugh, “China and Japan towards the twenty-first century: rivals for pre-eminence or complex interdependence?” in Christopher, Howe(ed.), China and Japan: History Trends and Prospects (Oxford:Clarendon Press, 1996), p.92.Google Scholar

24 SWB FE/2551, p. Sl/11 and FE 2561, p. El.

25 Kim, “Taiwan and the international system,” p. 152.

26 Taiwan Statistical Data Book 1994.

27 Free China Journal, 17 June 1994. For a detailed account of aid policy see Teh-chang ' Lin, “The ROC's foreign aid and southward policy,” Issues and Studies, Vol. 31, No. 10 (October 1995), pp. 1–20.Google Scholar

28 Harlan W. Jencks, “Taiwan in the international arms market,” in Sutter and Johnson, Taiwan in World Affairs, p. 95.

29 “Taiwan submarine veto,” Far Eastern Economic Review, 11 February 1993, p. 14; and “Germans block sale of submarines, frigates,” Jane's Defense Weekly, 6 February 1993, p. 7 cited in Ibid.. p. 92.

30 SWB FE/2543, p. B/3.

31 “Lien's trip improves Southeast Asian ties,” Free China Journal, 7 January 1994, p.

32 Taiwanese investment in South-East Asia was estimated at $15 billion in early 1994. See Julian Baum, John McBeth and Rodney Tasker, “In his private capacity: President Lee scores points in holiday diplomacy,” Far Eastern Economic Review, 24 February 1994, pp. 18–19. See also Klintworth, New Taiwan, New China, ch. 6, pp. 142–170

33 Baum et al.., “In his private capacity,” pp. 18–19.

34 Klintworth, New Taiwan, New China, pp. 154–155; and Long, Taiwan: China's Last Frontier, p. 157

35 Kyodo News Service, 30 August 1995, in SWB FE/2396, p. F/2.

36 Lee Kuan Yew interviewed in Time Magazine (4 March 1996) warned that Asian countries were concerned about what kind of China was emerging and said that China would be balanced “only if the Americans are anchored here along with Japan.”

37 See Lin Bih-jaw, “Security in Straits area: a view,” The Free China Journal, 26 May (p. 7) and 2 June 1995 (p. 7).

38 Ibid.., 2 June 1995, p. 7.

39 Xinhua, 31 August 1993, “The Taiwan question and the reunification of China,” issued under the aegis of the Taiwan Affairs Office and the State Council Information Office. SWB FE/1783.