Published online by Cambridge University Press: 17 February 2009
The argument presented here is that Hong Kong was sometimes, but not always, an exception to the overall pattern of Chinese foreign policy in the second half of the 1950s. This discrepancy existed because to China, Hong Kong was so many things – a British colony and as such an extension of the West, an Asian neighbour, and a territory to be someday reunited with the mainland. By reacting to Hong Kong in different ways the Chinese were using more discrimination than simply applying their grand strategy to each specific case.
1. Harold, Hinton, Communist China in World Politics (Boston: Houghton-Mifflin, 1966), Ch. 2, summarizes the literature up to 1966. Although arguments can be raised about Hinton's analysis of cause and effect, the periodization is adequate for the purposes of this article.Google Scholar
2. Ta Kung Pao (Hong Kong edition unless otherwise noted), 7 04 1956Google Scholar, in Survey of the China Mainland Press (SCMP), No. 1266, 12 04 1956, pp. 29–31.Google Scholar
3. Colonial office statement in Tiger Standard (Hong Kong), 12 01 1956.Google ScholarPubMed
4. People's Daily, 17 04 1955Google ScholarPubMed, in SCMP, No. 1034, 26 04 1955, pp. 18–20.Google Scholar
5. Alexander, Grantham, Via Ports: Hong Kong to Hong Kong (Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1965), p. 181.Google Scholar
6. Ta Kung Pao, 4 12 1955Google Scholar in Review of the Hong Kong Chinese Press (RHKCP) (U.S. Consulate General Hong Kong), No. 165/55, p. 4.Google Scholar
7. Tiger Standard, 1 01 1956.Google ScholarPubMed
8. Grantham, , Via Ports, pp. 189–90.Google Scholar
9. New China News Agency (NCNA), Canton, 29 June 1955, in SCMP, No. 1080, 30 07 1955, p. 32.Google ScholarA survey of Hong Kong leftist complaints is in Hsing Tao Jih-pao, 28 07 1955, in RHKCP, No. 144/55, p. 3.Google Scholar
10. Hong Kong Government, Government Information Service, Daily Information Bulletin, 31 08 1956.Google Scholar
11. Ibid.
12. NCNA Canton, 4 September 1956, in SCMP, No. 1365, 7 12 1956, pp. 30–1.Google Scholar
13. Ta Kung Pao, 8 01 1955, in RHKCP, No. 6/55, p. 2.Google Scholar
14. Grantham, , Via Ports, p. 106.Google Scholar
15. Wright, Stanley F., China's Struggle for Tariff Autonomy (Shanghai, 1938, reprinted in Taipei, 1966), pp. 304–5.Google Scholar
16. Grantham, , Via Ports, p. 106.Google Scholar
17. NCNA Peking, 26 October 1955, in SCMP, No. 1159, 27 October 1955, p. 36.Google Scholar
18. South China Morning Post, 3 01 1957, p. 10.Google Scholar
19. Hong Kong Government, Report on the Riots in Kowloon and Tsuen Wan, October 10 to 12, 1956 (Hong Kong: Government Printer, 1957), p. iii.Google Scholar
20. South China Morning Post, 13 10 1956, p. 18.Google Scholar
21. Hong Kong Government, Report on the Riots, pp. 45–7.Google ScholarPubMed
22. Ibid. p. ii.
23. Morgan, W. P., Triad Societies in Hong Kong (Hong Kong: Government Printer, 1960), p. 87.Google Scholar
24. NCNA Peking, 14 October 1956, in SCMP, No. 1391, 17 October 1956, pp. 24–5.Google Scholar
25. People's Daily, 25 01 1957, in SCMP, No. 1469, 1 02 1957, pp. 39–41.Google Scholar
26. NCNA Peking, 22 January 1957 (Foreign Ministry Statement), in SCMP, No. 1458, 25 January 1957, pp. 24–5.Google Scholar
27. Kuang-ming Jih-pao, 10 28–9 1956, in SCMP, No. 1402, 1 1956 1956, pp. 20–4, and Kuang-ming Jih-pao, 30 October 1956, in SCMP, No. 1403, 2 November 1956, p. 27.Google Scholar
28. NCNA Peking, in SCMP, No. 1391, 17 October 1956, pp. 24–5.Google Scholar
29. NCNA Peking, 24 July 1957, in SCMP, No. 1529, 29 July 1957, pp. 26–7.Google Scholar
30. Hong Kong Government Information Service, Daily Information Bulletin, 7 08 1957, n.p.Google Scholar
31. NCNA Peking, 10 September 1956, in SCMP, No. 1609, 13 12 1957, pp. 41–2.Google Scholar
32. NCNA Hong Kong, 26 07 1957, in SCMP, No. 1581, 31 07 1957, pp. 26–7.Google Scholar
33. NCNA Hong Kong in Ta Kung Pao, 9 11 1957, in RHKCP, No. 210/57, p. 2.Google Scholar
34. Wen Hui Pao, 19 05 1957Google Scholar, in RHKCP, No. 87/57, p. 4.Google Scholar
35. NCNA Hong Kong, 17 December 1957, in SCMP, No. 1676, 20 12 1957, p. 82.Google Scholar
36. NCNA Peking, 16 03 1956, in SCMP, No. 1251, 21 March 1956, pp. 20–2.Google Scholar
37. Far Eastern Economic Review (FEER), 1 05 1958, p. 565.Google Scholar
38. Hsing Tao Jih Pao, 16 07 1958.Google Scholar
39. FEER, 14 08 1958, p. 216.Google ScholarPubMed
40. FEER, 21 08 1958, p. 244.Google Scholar
41. New York Times, 18 05 1959, p. 10.Google ScholarPubMed
42. NCNA Peking, 27 08 1958, in SCMP, No. 1844, 2 12 1958, pp. 35–6.Google Scholar
43. Hinton, , Communist China in World Politics, p. 147.Google Scholar
44. NCNA Peking, 27 August 1958, in SCMP, No. 1844, 2 12 1958, p. 34.Google Scholar
45. UPI London, 4 12 1958, in Tiger Standard, 5 September 1958.Google ScholarPubMed
46. FEER, 21 08 1958, p. 245.Google ScholarPubMed
47. Tiger Standard, 3 08 1958, p. 4Google Scholar, and Democratic Front, 26 01 1959, in RHKCP, No. 2459, pp. 4–6.Google Scholar
48. FEER, 28 08 1958, p. 277.Google Scholar
49. Hsin Wan Pao, 22 08 1958, in RHKCP, No. 158/58, p. 3.Google Scholar
50. Hong Kong University, “Hong Kong's trade with mainland China,” in Hong Kong Economic Papers, No. 1, 07 1961, p. 72.Google Scholar
51. New York Times, 5 12 1958, p. 3.Google ScholarPubMed
52. “Hong Kong's trade with mainland China,” p. 72.Google Scholar
53. Ta Kung Pao, 11 02 1959, in SCMP, No. 1958, 20 02 1959, p. 24.Google Scholar
54. Hong Kong Government Information Service, Daily Information Bulletin, 15 11 1960.Google Scholar
55. Tiger Standard, 15 02 1959.Google ScholarPubMed
56. FEER Yearbook, 1962 (Hong Kong: FEER, 1963), p. 67.Google Scholar
57. Wen Hui Pao, 21 07 1959 in RHKCP, No. 35/59, p. 5Google Scholar, and Ta Kung Pao, 22 07 1960, in RHKCP, No. 90/60, p. 3.Google Scholar
58. Alexander, Eckstein, Communist China's Economic Growth and Foreign Trade (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1966), p. 198.Google Scholar
59. United States Department of State, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, World Strength of the Communist Party Organization, 20th Annual Report (Washington: Department of State, 1968), p. 81.Google Scholar