Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T08:35:04.774Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Narrative, Acculturation and Ritual: Themes from a Socio-ecological Study of Australian Defence Force Families Experiencing Parental Deployment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 April 2016

Marg Baber*
Affiliation:
Department of Early Childhood, School of Education, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
*
address for correspondence:Early Childhood, School of Education, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351. +61267735078. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Military deployment is typically considered a stressful period for families, generally lasting between 3 to 6 months for Australian Defence Force (ADF) personnel. To date, insufficient research has been conducted concerning children and families who experience deployment within an Australian context. This study seeks to provide valuable insight into families with young children and explore their experiences of military deployment in an Australian context. Using a socio-constructivist approach, where truth is socially constructed both individually and culturally, ADF parents’ perceptions of their experiences are examined. Using Narrative Research, multiple methods of data collection are combined to gather various insights into families’ experiences. Data analysis was conducted using thematic verification identifying two main themes. Embracing an interpretivist epistemology, the researcher aims to create a shared knowledge around families’ understanding and experiences of deployment. Such knowledge will be helpful for effective support of parents, educators and professionals in their role with these children in the community.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allan, C. (2014). Remembering the past through picture books. In Mallan, K. (Ed.), Picture books and beyond (pp. 1224). Canberra, Australia: Primary English Teaching Association Australia.Google Scholar
Andres, M., Bowen, G., Manigart, P., & Moelker, R. (2015a). Epilogue. In Moelker, R., Andres, M., Bowen, G., & Manigart, P. (Eds.), Military families in war in the 21st century (pp. 320330). Oxon, UK: Routledge.Google Scholar
Andres, M., Bowen, G., Manigart, P., & Moelker, R. (2015b). Introduction. In Moelker, R., Andres, M., Bowen, G., & Manigart, P. (Eds.), Military families in war in the 21st century (pp. 321). Oxon, UK: Routledge.Google Scholar
Andres, M., & Coulthard, J. (2015). Children and deployment: A cross-country comparison. In Moelker, R., Andres, M., Bowen, G., & Manigart, P. (Eds.), Military families in war in the 21st century (pp. 178190). Oxon, UK: Routledge.Google Scholar
Atwater, M. M. (1996). Social constructivism: Infusion into the multicultural science education research agenda. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 33 (8), 821837.Google Scholar
Australian Association of Social Workers. (2013). Practice standards, (pp. 1–18). Retrieved from https://www.aasw.asn.au/document/item/4551.Google Scholar
Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2012). Year book Australia. Defence. Retrieved from http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/Lookup/bySubject/1301.0~2012~MainFeatures~People~121.Google Scholar
Australian Defence Force. (2013). Current operations: Australian army. Retrieved from http://www.army.gov.au/ourwork.Google Scholar
Baber, M., Fussell, M., & Porter, K. (2015). Liam's story: So why do I wear Dad's medals? In Feez, S. (Ed.) (pp. 152), Mt. Victoria, Australia: Pademelon Press.Google Scholar
Barker, L., & Berry, K. (2009). Developmental issues impacting military families with young children during single and multiple deployments. Military Medicine, 174 (10), 10331040.Google Scholar
Bowes, J., Grace, R., & Hayes, A. (2012). The Role of context in children's development. In Bowes, J., Grace, R., & Hodge, K. (Eds.), Children, families and communities: Contexts and consequences (4th ed.) (pp. 316). South Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bowling, U. B., & Sherman, M. D. (2008). Welcoming them home: Supporting service members and their families in navigating the tasks of reintegration. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 39 (4), 451458.Google Scholar
Brennan, D., & Crosby, S. (Producer). (2015). Australia lagging developed world on early-childhood education. Comment. Retrieved from http://www.smh.com.au/comment/australia-lagging-developed-world-on-earlychildhood-education-20150705-gi5d7e.html.Google Scholar
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1986). Ecology of the family as a context for human development: Research perspectives. Developmental Psychology, 22 (6), 723742.Google Scholar
Bronfenbrenner, U., & Ceci, S. (1994). Nature-nurture reconceptualized in developmental perspective: A bioecological model. Psychological Review, 101 (4), 568586.Google Scholar
Brooks, J. (2011). The process of parenting (8th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Brown, R. (Producer). (2014). Australian Defence Force veterans detail growing scourge of post-traumatic stress disorder. ABC News. [Article] Retrieved from http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-04-23/rising-ptsd-compensation-figures-in-adf-only-the-start/5404778.Google Scholar
Chandra, A., Lara-Cinisomo, S., Jaycox, L. H., Tanielian, T., Burns, R. M., Ruder, T., & Han, B. (2009). Children on the homefront: The experience of children from military families. Pediatrics, 125 (1), 1625. doi:10.1542/peds.2009-1180.Google Scholar
Chandra, A., Martin, L. T., Hawkins, S. A., & Richardson, A. (2010). The impact of parental deployment on child social and emotional functioning: Perspectives of school staff. Journal of Adolescent Health, 46 (3), 218223.Google Scholar
Charlesworth, R., & Lind, K. (2013). Math and science for young children (7th ed.). Wadsworth, CA: Cengage Learning.Google Scholar
Chartrand, M., Frank, D., White, L., & Shope, T. (2008). Effect of parents' wartime deployment on the behavior of young children in military families. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 162 (11), 10091014. doi:10.1001/archpedi.162.11.1009.Google Scholar
Cozza, S., & Lerner, R. (2013). Military children and families: Introducing the issue. The Future of Children, 23 (2), 311.Google Scholar
Crompvoets, S. (2012). The health and wellbeing of female Vietnam and contemporary veterans. Retrieved from http://www.dva.gov.au/sites/default/files/files/consultationandgrants/healthstudies/servicewomen/viet_fem_con_report.pdf. Australian National University for the Department of Veterans Affairs: Canberra, Australia.Google Scholar
Davie, S. (Producer). (2015). Is kindergarten too late? Retrieved from http://women.asiaone.com/print/women/parenting/kindergarten-too-late.Google Scholar
De Angelis, K., & Segal, M. W. (2015). Transitions in the military and the family as greedy institutions. In Moelker, R., Andres, M., Bowen, G., & Manigart, P. (Eds.), Military families and war in the 21st century (pp. 2242). Oxon, UK: Routledge.Google Scholar
De Pedro, K. M. T., & Astor, R. A. (2011). The children of military service members: Challenges, supports and future educational research. Review of Educational Research, 81 (4), 566681.Google Scholar
DEEWR. (2009). Early Years Learning Framework. Canberra, Australia: Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations.Google Scholar
Dempsey, K. C. (1990). Smalltown: A study of social inequality, cohesion and belonging. Melbourne, Australia: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Department of Defence. (2010). Multiple operational deployments: Effects on Australian defence force members. Canberra, Australia: Australian Government.Google Scholar
Department of Defence (Producer). (2015). Looking after our people. Fact sheet. Retrieved from http://www.defence.gov.au/Factsheets/03.pdf.Google Scholar
DeVoe, E. R. P., & Ross, A. (2012). The parenting cycle of deployment. Military Medicine, 177 (2), 184190. doi:10.1007/s11126-005-4973-y.Google Scholar
Drummet, A., Coleman, M., & Cable, S. (2003). Military families under stress: Implications for family life education. Family Relations, 52 (3), 279287.Google Scholar
Elliott, A. (2014). Connecting with families. In Garvis, S. & Pendergast, D. (Eds.), Health and wellbeing in childhood (pp. 190205). Port Melbourne, Australia: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Eran-Jona, M. (2015). Organizational culture and military families: The case of combat officers in the Israel Defence Forces. In Moelker, R., Andres, M., Bowen, G., & Manigart, P. (Eds.), Military families and war in the 21st century (pp. 4356). Uxon, UK: Routledge.Google Scholar
Fellowes, J., & Oakley, G. (2014). Language, literacy and early childhood education. (2nd ed.). South Melbourne, Victoria: Australia: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Flake, E. M., Davis, B. E., Johnson, P. L., & Middleton, L. S. (2009). Psychosocial effects of deployment on military children. Journal Developmental Behavioural Pediatrics, 30 (4), 271278.Google Scholar
Gallagher, M. (2008). ‘Power is not an evil’: Rethinking power in participatory methods. Children's Geographies, 6 (2), 137150. doi:10.1080/14733280801963045.Google Scholar
Gergen, K. J. (1995). Social construction and the educational process. In Steffe, L. P. & Gale, J. (Eds.), Constructivism in education (pp. 1440). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Gewirtz, A. H., Erbes, C. R., Polusny, M. A., Forgatch, M. S., & DeGarmo, D. S. (2011). Helping military families through the deployment process: Strategies to support parenting. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 42 (1), 5662. doi:10.1037//0033-2909.128.2.330.Google Scholar
Gibbs, D. A., Martin, S. L., Kupper, K. L., & Johnson, R. E. (2007). Child maltreatment in enlisted soldiers' families during combat-related deployments. Journal of American Medical Association, 298 (5), 528535.Google Scholar
Gillies, J., & Neimeyer, R. (2006). Loss, grief, and the search for significance: Toward a model of meaning reconstruction in bereavement. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 19, 3165.Google Scholar
Glaser, B. G. (1965). The constant comparitive method of qualitative analysis. Social Problems, 12 (4), 436445.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gottschall, J. (2012). The storytelling animal: How stories make us human. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Habibis, D. (2013). Ethics and social research. In Walter, M. (Ed.), Social research methods (3rd ed.) (pp. 7298). South Melbourne, Australia: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Harley, E. (2010). Landscapes for play and story. In Ebbeck, M. & Waniganayake, M. (Eds.), Play in early childhood education: Learning in diverse contexts (pp. 119137). South Melbourne: Australia: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hayes, D. (2013). Young people and school. In Connell, R., Welch, A., Vickers, M., Foley, D., Bagnall, N., Hayes, D., Proctor, H., Sriprakash, A., & Campbell, C. (Eds.), Education, change and society (3rd ed., pp. 115). South Melbourne, Australia: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hollingsworth, W. G. (2011). Community family therapy with millitary families. Contempory Family Therapy, 33, 215228. doi:10.1007/s10591-011-9114-8.Google Scholar
Holmes, A., Rauch, P., & Cozza, S. (2013). When a parent is injured or killed in combat. The Future of Children, 23 (2), 143162.Google Scholar
Jensen-Hart, S. J., Christensen, J., Dutka, L., & Leishman, J. C. (2012). Child parent relationship training (CPRT): Enhancing parent-child relationships for military families. Advances in Social Work, 13 (1), 5166.Google Scholar
Knouse, S. (1991). Social support for hispanics in the miitary. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 15, 427444.Google Scholar
Lake, M. (2010). What have you done for your country? In Lake, M. & Renyolds, H. (Eds.), What's wrong with ANZAC? The militarisation of Australian history. (pp. 123). Sydney, Australia: University of New South Wales Press Ltd.Google Scholar
Lester, P., & Flake, E. (2013). How wartime military service affects children and families. The Future of Children, 23 (2), 121141.Google Scholar
Lincoln, A., Swift, E., & Shorteno-Fraser, M. (2008). Psychological adjustments and treatment of children and families with parents deployed in military combat. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64 (8), 984992.Google Scholar
Linke, P. (2007). Parenting at home and away. Watson, ACT, Australia: Early Childhood Australia, Inc.Google Scholar
Lowe, K. N., Adams, K. S., Browne, B. L., & Hinkle, K. T. (2012). Impact of military deployment on family relationships. Journal of Family Studies, 18 (1), 1727.Google Scholar
Lyons, G., Ford, M., & Slee, J. (2014). Classroom management: Creating positive learning environments. South Melbourne, Australia: Cengage Learning Australia Pty Limited.Google Scholar
MacManus, D., Dean, K., Al Bakir, M., Inversen, A. C., Hull, L., Fahy, T., . . . Fear, N. T. (2012). Violent behaviour in UK military personnel returning home after deployment. Psychological Medicine, 42 (08), 11631673. doi:10.1017/S003291711002327.Google Scholar
Mallan, K. (2014). Picture books then, now and beyond. In Mallan, K. (Ed.), Picture books and beyond (pp. 111). Newtown, Australia: Primary English Teachers Association Australia.Google Scholar
Masten, A. (2013). Afterword: What we can learn from military children and families. The Future of Children, 23 (2), 199212.Google Scholar
Mazzoni, V., & Harcourt, D. (2013). An international experience of research with children: Moving forward on the idea of children's participation. Qualitative Research. doi:10.1177/1468794112468470.Google Scholar
McFarlane, A. C. (2009). Military deployment: The impact on children and family adjustment and the need for care. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 22, 369373. doi:10.1097/YCO.0b013e3283c9064.Google Scholar
McGuire, A., Runge, C., Cosgrove, L., Bredhauer, K., Anderson, R., Waller, M., . . . Nasveld, P. (2012). Timore-Leste family study: Summary report. Brisbane, Australia: The University of Queensland for the Department of Veterans Affairs.Google Scholar
Medway, F. J., Davis, K. E., Thomas, P. C., Chappell, K. D., & O'Hearn, R. E. (1995). Family disruption and adult attachment correlates of spouse and child reactions to separation and reunion due to operation desert storm. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 1 (2), 97118.Google Scholar
Moen, T. (2006). Reflections on the narrative approach. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 5 (4), 111.Google Scholar
Mogil, C., Paley, B., Doud, T., Havens, L., Moore-Tyson, J., Beardslee, W., & Lester, P. (2010). Families overcoming under stress (FOCUS) for early childhood: Building resilience for young children in high stress families. Zero to Three, 31 (1), 1016.Google Scholar
Newman, L., & Pollnitz, L. (2005). Working with children and families: Professional, legal and ethical issues. Frenchs Forrest, NSW: Pearson Education Australia.Google Scholar
Nicolopoulou, A., McDowell, J., & Brockmeyer, C. (2006). Narrative play and emergent literacy: Storytelling and story-acting meet journal writing. In Singer, D., Golinkoff, R., & Hirsh-Pasek, K. (Eds.), Play = learning: How play motivates and enhances children's cognitive and social-emotional growth (pp. 124144). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
O'Toole, J., & Beckett, D. (2013). Educational research: Creative thinking and doing (2nd ed.). South Melbourne, Australia: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Osofsky, J., & Chartrand, M. (2013). Military children birth to five years. The Future of Children, 23 (2), 6177.Google Scholar
Palmer, C. (2008). A theory of risk and resilience factors in miliary families. Military Psychology, 20, 205217.Google Scholar
Paris, R., DeVoe, E., Ross, A., & Acker, M. (2010). When a parent goes to war: Effects of parental deployment on very young children and implications for intervention. Americal Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 80 (4), 610618.Google Scholar
Peebles-Kleiger, M. J., & Kleiger, J. H. (1994). Re-integration stress for desert storm families: Wartime deployments and family trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 7 (2), 173194. doi:10.1002/jts.2490070203.Google Scholar
Pincus, S., House, R., Christenson, J., & Adler, L. (2007). The emotional cycle of deployment: A military family perspective. HOOH4HEALTH.com. Retrieved from http://www.hooah4health.com/pageprinter.asp?f+/deployment/familymatters/emotionalcycle.Google Scholar
Polkinghorne, D. E. (2007). Validity issues in narrative research. Qualitative Inquiry, 13 (4), 471486. doi:10.1177/1077800406297670.Google Scholar
Ryan-Wenger, N. A. (2001). Impact of the threat of war on children in military families. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 71 (2), 236244.Google Scholar
Saint-Jacques, M., Turcotte, D., & Pouliot, E. (2009). Adopting a strengths perspective in social work practice with families in difficulty: From theory to practice. Families in Society, 90 (4), 454461.Google Scholar
Saltzman, W., Lester, P., Beardslee, W., Layne, C., Woodward, K., & Nash, W. (2011). Mechanisms of risk and resilience in military families: Theoretical and empirical basis of a family-focused resilience enhancement program. Clinical Child Family Psychological Review, 14, 213230.Google Scholar
Shaw, A. (2001). A story about narrative research: Methodology and method. Retrieved from http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/submitted/etd-03032006-125038/unrestricted/04chapter4.pdfhttp://upetd.up.ac.Google Scholar
Siebler, P. (2009). Military people won't ask for help: Experiences of deployment of Australian defence force personnel, their families and implications for social work. (Doctor of Philosophy Major), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.Google Scholar
Siebler, P. (2015). ‘Down under’: Support to military families from an Australian perspective. In Moelker, R., Andres, M., Bowen, G., & Manigart, P. (Eds.), Military families in war in the 21st century (pp. 287301). Oxon, UK: Routledge.Google Scholar
Siebler, P., & Goddard, C. (2014). Parents' perspectives of their children's reactions to an Australian military deployment. Children Australia, 39 (1), 1724.Google Scholar
Silberberg, S. (2001). Searching for family resilience. Family Matters: Australian Institute of Family Studies, 58(Autumn), 5257.Google Scholar
Sims, M. (2002). Designing family support programs: Building children, family and community resilience. Altona, Australia: Common Ground.Google Scholar
Sims, M., & Hutchins, T. (2013). Program planning for infants and toddlers: In search of relationships (2nd ed.). Mount Victoria, Australia: Pademelon Press.Google Scholar
Stanger, N. (2011). Moving ‘eco’ back into socio-ecological models: A proposal to reorient ecological literacy into human development models and school systems. Human Ecology Review, 18 (2), 167173.Google Scholar
Thomson, R., Hadfield, L., Kehily, M. J., & Sharpe, S. (2012). Acting up and acting out: Encountering children in a longitudinal study of mothering. Qualitative Research, 12 (2), 186201.Google Scholar
UNICEF. (2015). Conventions on the rights of the child. Retrieved from http://www.unicef.org/crc/.Google Scholar
Vygotsky, L., & Cole, M. (1978). Mind in Society: The development of higher psychological process. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Waliski, A., Bokony, P., Edlund, C., & Kirchner, J. (2012). Counselors called for service: Impact of parental deployment on preschool children. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 20 (2), 157163.Google Scholar
Walsh, F. (2007). Traumatic loss and major disasters: Strengthening family and comunity resilience. Family Process, 46 (2), 207227.Google Scholar
Welch, A. (2013). Cultural difference and identity. Education, change and society. South Melbourne, Australia: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Willis, K. (2013). Analysing qualitative data. In Walter, M. (Ed.), Social research methods (3rd ed., pp. 315336). South Melbourne, Australia: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Wilson, T. (2016). Working with parents, carers and families in the early years: The essential guide. Oxon, UK: Routledge.Google Scholar
Winch, G., & Holliday, M. (2010). Oral language. In Winch, G., Johnston, R., March, P., Ljungdahl, L., & Holliday, M. (Eds.), Literacy (4th ed.) (pp. 5059). South Melbourne, Australia: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar