Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T18:11:54.731Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Cash transfer and professional care for tackling child poverty and neglect in Italy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 October 2020

Maria Bezze
Affiliation:
Fondazione Emanuela Zancan, Via del Seminario, 5A 35122PadovaItaly
Cinzia Canali*
Affiliation:
Fondazione Emanuela Zancan, Via del Seminario, 5A 35122PadovaItaly
Devis Geron
Affiliation:
Fondazione Emanuela Zancan, Via del Seminario, 5A 35122PadovaItaly
Tiziano Vecchiato
Affiliation:
Fondazione Emanuela Zancan, Via del Seminario, 5A 35122PadovaItaly
*
Author for correspondence: Cinzia Canali, Email: [email protected]

Abstract

There has been a general increase in poverty over the last decade in Italy, which has mainly affected the younger generations, with children and youth experiencing the worst economic conditions. This is primarily not due to a lack of available economic resources but to the way in which these resources are allocated: mainly in the form of cash transfers rather than services. The provision of adequate services based on professional work needs to be implemented by overcoming two main obstacles which are highlighted by the results of two studies presented here. The first study concerns the quality of professional care and the systematic use of outcome evaluation, the second concerns the vision of professionals and their ability to integrate the provision of services with economic support aimed at improving children’s growth and parenting skills. The two studies were carried out as part of an international debate on how to effectively fight poverty and social exclusion of children which was promoted by the International Association for Outcome-based Evaluation and Research on Family and Children’s Services (iaOBERfcs).

Type
Special Issue: Poverty and Child Abuse
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aldgate, J., Jones, D., Rose, W., & Jeffery, C. (Eds.) (2006). The developing world of the child. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.Google Scholar
Aldgate, J. (2008). Why Getting it right for every child makes sense in promoting the well-being of all children in Scotland. www.scotland.gov.uk/gettingitright Google Scholar
Beecham, J., & Sinclair, I. (2007). Costs and outcomes in children’s social care: Messages from research. Jessica Kingsley Publishing.Google Scholar
Berry, M., Brandon, M., Chaskin, R., Fernandez, E., Grietens, H., Lightburn, A., McNamara, P., Munford, R., Palacio-Quintin, E., Saunders, J., Warren-Adamson, C., & Zeira, A. (2007). Identifying sensitive outcomes of interventions in community-based centers. In Berry, M. (Ed.), Identifying essential elements of change (pp. 917). Acco.Google Scholar
Bezze, M., & Geron, D. (2020). Dinamica della spesa sociale in Italia. In Fondazione Emanuela Zancan (Ed.), La lotta alla povertà è innovazione sociale. La lotta alla povertà. Rapporto 2020 (pp. 924). Mulino.Google Scholar
Bronfenbrenner, U., & Morris, P. (2006). The bioecological model of human development. In Damon, W., & Lerner, R. M. (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology, Vol. 1. Theoretical models of human development (6th ed., pp. 793828). Wiley.Google Scholar
Canali, C., & Rigon, P. (2002). Evaluating outcomes for children with multiple problems. In Vecchiato, T., Maluccio, A.N., & Canali, C. (Eds.). Evaluation in child and family services. Comparative client and program perspectives (pp. 4152). Aldine de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Canali, C., Geron, D., & Vecchiato, T. (2019). Italian families living in poverty: Perspectives on their needs, supports and strengths. Children and Youth Services Review, 97, 3035.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Canali, C., Maluccio, A. N., & Vecchiato, T. (2011). Approches to evaluation in services for children and families. In Maluccio, A. N., Canali, C., Vecchiato, T., Lightburn, A., Aldgate, J., & Rose, W. (Eds.), Improving outcomes for children and families. Findings and using International evidence (pp. 7084). Jessica Kingsley Publishers.Google Scholar
Canali, C., Neve, E., & Vecchiato, T. (2017). Servizio sociale e lotta alla povertà infantile. La rivista delle politiche sociali, 1, 147159.Google Scholar
Canali, C., & Vecchiato, T. (2010). Risk for children: A multisite outcome-based research in Italy. In Knorth, E. J., Kalverboer, M. E., & Knot-Dickscheit, J. (Eds.), Inside out. How interventions in child and family care work. Garant Publishers.Google Scholar
Canali, C., & Vecchiato, T. (2011). Risc. Rischio per l’infanzia e soluzioni per contrastarlo. Final Report (Quaderni della Ricerca Sociale No. 12). Ministero del Lavoro e delle Politiche Sociali.Google Scholar
Canali, C., & Vecchiato, T. (2019). Growing Up in Poverty. Evaluation of outcome and social impact in the international dialogue. Studi Zancan, 3–4, Journal supplement.Google Scholar
Del Boca, D., & Pasqua, S. (2010). Esiti Scolastici e Comportamentali, Famiglia e Servizi per l’Infanzia (Fga Working Paper No. 36). https://www.fondazioneagnelli.it/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/D._Del_Boca_-_S._Pasqua__Esiti_scolastici_e_comportamentali__famiglia_e_servizi_per_l_infanzia_-_FGA_WP36.pdf Google Scholar
Del Boca, D. (2015). Childcare choices and child development. Generous parental leave and affordable, high-quality childcare can foster children’s abilities (IZA World of Labor No. 134). Bonn: Institute for the Study of labor (IZA). doi: 10.15185/izawol.134 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Del Valle, J. F., Canali, C., Bravo, A., & Vecchiato, T. (2013). Child protection in Italy and Spain: Influence of the family supported society. Psychosocial Intervention, 22(3), 227237.Google Scholar
Donkin, A., Roberts, J., Tedstone, A., & Marmot, M. (2014). Family socio-economic status and young children’s outcomes. Journal of Children’s Services, 9(2), 8395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
European Commission. (2011). Early childhood education and care: Providing all our children with the best start for the world of tomorrow . Communication from the Commission. European Commission.Google Scholar
Eurostat. (2019). Population and social conditions [Data set]. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database Google Scholar
Fernandez, E., Zeira, A., Vecchiato, T., & Canali, C. (Eds.). (2015). Theoretical and empirical insights into child and family poverty: Cross national perspectives. Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fondazione Emanuela Zancan & Fondazione L’Albero della Vita. (2015). Io non mi arrendo. Bambini e famiglie in lotta contro la povertà [I’m not giving up. Children and families fighting poverty]. Il Mulino.Google Scholar
Fondazione Emanuela Zancan. (2013). Rigenerare capacità e risorse. La lotta alla povertà. Rapporto 2013. Il Mulino.Google Scholar
Fondazione Emanuela Zancan. (2020). La lotta alla povertà è innovazione sociale. La lotta alla povertà. Rapporto 2020. Il Mulino.Google Scholar
Förster, M., & Verbist, G. (2012). Money or kindergarten? Distributive effects of cash versus in-kind family transfers for young children (Oecd Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers No. 135). https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/money-or-kindergarten-distributive-effects-of-cash-versus-in-kind-family-transfers-for-young-children_5k92vxbgpmnt.pdf?itemId=%2Fcontent%2Fpaper%2F5k92vxbgpmnt-en&mimeType=pdf Google Scholar
Haveman, R., Blank, R., Moffitt, R., Smeeding, T., & Wallace, G. (2015). The war on poverty: Measurement, trends, and policy. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 34(3), 593638.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Istat. (2019a), Le statistiche dell’Istat sulla povertà. Anno 2018. Italian National Institute of Statistics. https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/231263 Google Scholar
Istat. (2019b). Condizioni economiche delle famiglie e disuguaglianze [Data set]. http://dati.istat.it/ Google Scholar
Nygård, M., Lindberg, M., Nyqvist, F., & Härtull, C. (2019). The role of cash benefit and in-kind benefit spending for child poverty in times of austerity: An analysis of 22 European countries 2006–2015. Social Indicators Research, 146, 533552.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jergeby, U., & Soydan, H. (2002). Assessment processes in social work practice when children are at risk: A comparative cross-national vignette study. Journal of Social Research and Evaluation, 3(2), 127144.Google Scholar
McAuley, C., & Rose, W. (2010). Child wellbeing: Understanding children’s lives. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.Google Scholar
Rose, W., & McAuley, C. (Eds.). (2019). Child welfare and well-being: The impact of poverty. Children and Youth Services Review, 97, 1142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thoburn, J. (2010). Towards knowledge based practice in complex child protection cases: A research based expert briefing. Journal of Children’s Services, 5(1), 924.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thoburn, J., Berti, C., Canali, C., Delgado, P., Neve, E., & Vecchiato, T. (2020). Looking back - looking forward: Messages from experienced social workers for the recently qualified. Manuscript submitted for publication.Google Scholar
Van Lancker, W. (2013). Putting the child-centred investment strategy to the test: Evidence for the EU27. European Journal of Social Security, 15(1), 427.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vecchiato, T., Bezze, M., Canali, C., Neve, E., & Pompei, A. (2009). La valutazione dei soggetti e delle risorse nello spazio di vita, Studi Zancan, 6, 95109.Google Scholar
Vecchiato, T. (2017). La programmazione: Pochi risultati e un incerto futuro. In Zancan, F. E. (Ed.), POVERI e COSÌ non SIA. La lotta alla povertà. Rapporto 2017 (pp. 5567). Il Mulino.Google Scholar
Wade, J., Biehal, N., Farrelly, N., & Sinclair, I. (2011). Caring for abused and neglected children: Making the right decisions for reunification or long-term care. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.Google Scholar
Zeira, A., Canali, C., Vecchiato, T., Jergeby, U., Thoburn, J., & Neve, E. (2008). Evidence-based social work practice with children and families: A cross national perspective. European Journal of Social Work, 11(1), 5772.CrossRefGoogle Scholar