This article is based on a shorter paper presented to a joint meeting of the American Historical Association and the American Society for Reformation Research in Boston on December 30, 1970.

1. Heymann, Frederick G., George of Bohemia: King of Heretics (Princeton, 1965), p. vii.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

2. Ibid., p. 600

3. Truhlář, Josef, Listář B. Hasištejnského z Lobkovic (Prague, 1893), p. 23.Google Scholar Quoted by Hrejsa, Ferdinand, Dějiny křest' anství v Československu (Prague, 1948), IV, 86 (hereafter cited as Dějiny).Google Scholar

4. Reprinted by Hrubý, František in Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte, XXX (1933), 173.Google Scholar

5. Reprinted by Fr. Hrubý, ibid., XXXII (1935), 5–9.

6. Twisck, Pieter Jansz, Religions Vryheyt (1609), I, 11.Google Scholar

7. “Quod attinet religionem, quilibet in Moravia ita debet credere, prout illi Deus dat cognoscere”. Bohuslaus Balbinus, S.J., Epitome historica rerum Bohemicarum (Prague, 1677), p. 619.Google Scholar

8. Ruffini, Francesco, Religious Liberty, trans. Heyes, J. Parker (New York and London, 1912);Google ScholarBates, M. Searle, Religious Liberty: An Inquiry (New York and London, 1945);Google ScholarBainton, Roland H., The Travail of Religious Liberty (New York, 1951),Google Scholar and Studies on the Reformation (Boston, 1966);Google ScholarBender, Harold S., “The Anabaptists and Religious Liberty,” Mennonite Quarterly Review, XXVIII (1955), 83–110;Google ScholarBornkamm, Heinrich, “Das Problem der Toleranz im 16. Jahrhundert,” Das Jahrhundert der Reformation (2nd ed., Göttingen, 1966), pp. 262–91;Google ScholarPaulus, Nikolaus, Protestantismus und Toleranz im 16. Jahrhundert (Freiburg i.B., 1911);Google ScholarKühn, Johannes, Toleranz und Offenbarung (Leipzig, 1923);Google ScholarJoseph Lecler, S.J., Toleration and Reformation, trans. Weston, T. L. (New York and London, 1960).Google Scholar

9. Kamen, Henry, The Rise of Toleration (New York and Toronto, 1967).Google Scholar

10. Krofta, Kamil, Duchovní odkaz husitství (Prague, 1946);Google ScholarDějiny československé (Prague, 1946);Google Scholar“John Hus” and “Bohemia in the Fifteenth Century,” in The Cambridge Medieval History, VIII (Cambridge, 1936), 45–115;Google ScholarUrbánek, František, Českě dějiny, III. 1 (Prague, 1915), III. 2 (1918), III. 3 (1930), III. 4 (1962);Google ScholarBartoš, F. M., České dějiny, II. 6 (Prague, 1947), II. 7 (1965), II. 8 (1966), and numerous short essays;Google ScholarBetts, R. R., Essays in Czech History (London, 1969),Google Scholar and “The Reformation in Difficulties: Poland, Hungary and Bohemia,” in The New Cambridge Modern History, II (Cambridge, 1965), 186–209;Google ScholarOdložilík, Otakar, The Hussite King (New Brunswick, N.J., 1965).Google Scholar

11. Říčan, Rudolf, “Zur Frage des Ökumenismus, der Gewissensfreiheit und der religiösen Duldung in der tschechischen Reformation,” Communio Viatorum, VII (1964), 265–84,Google Scholar and “Georg von Poděbrad und die Kompaktaten,” ibid., VIII (1965), 43–52 and 161–72. Both articles are translations of Czech essays published in Theologická příloha Křest' anské revue (Prague), 1959, 81–89, and 1962, 118–27.Google ScholarCf. also Molnár, Amedeo, “K problému tolerance u Komenského”, Z kralické tvrze, IV (Kralice, 1970), 3–9.Google Scholar

12. Zeman, J. K., Kolébka náboženské svobody na Moravě (Chicago, 1962).Google Scholar

13. Only major events and source materials will be documented in footnotes. The following major studies on the Hussite Reformation are available in English: Heymann, F. G., John Žižka and the Hussite Reformation (Princeton, 1955);Google Scholar“John Rokycana—Church Reformer between Hus and Luther,” Church History, XXVIII (1959), 240–80;Google Scholar“The Hussite-Utraquist Church in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries,” Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte, LII (1961), 1–16;Google ScholarGeorge of Bohemia: King of Heretics (Princeton, 1965);Google ScholarKaminsky, Howard, A History of the Hussite Revolution (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1967);Google Scholar Otakar Odložilík, op. cit.; Spinka, Matthew, John Hus' Concept of the Church (Princeton, 1966),Google Scholar and John Hus: A Biography (Princeton, 1968);Google ScholarThomson, S. Harrison, Czechoslovakia in European History (2nd ed., Princeton, 1953), ch. 5;Google ScholarBrock, Peter, The Political and Social Doctrines of the Unity of Czech Brethren (The Hague, 1957).Google Scholar

14. Odložilík, op. cit., pp. 4–5. Cf. the discussion by Heymann, John Žižka, pp. 148–63.

15. “Item in causa quatuor articulorum, quam ut praefertur prosequuntur, lex divina, praxis Christi, apostolica et ecclesiae primitivae, una cum doctoribus fundantibus severaciter in eadem, pro veracissimo et evidenti iudice in hoc Basiliensi concilio admittentur.” Palacký, František, Urkundliche Beiträge zur Geschichte des Hussitenkrieges, II (Prague, 1873), 282.Google Scholar

16. Archiv český, III (Prague, 1844), 398–444.Google Scholar

17. Hrejsa, Dějiny, VI, 75.

18. R. R. Betts, Essays, p. 264.

19. Odložilík, op. cit., p. 28.

20. Archiv český, V, 418–27. Cf. Odložilík, op. cit., pp. 271ff.

21. Brandl, V., Kniha Tovačovská (Brno, 1868), p. 121.Google Scholar

22. Bainton, R. H., The Age of the Reformation (Princeton, 1956), pp. 73ff. and 163ff.;Google Scholar H. Kamen, op. cit., pp. 121ff.

23. Pages, G., “Les paix de religion et l'édit de Nantes,” Revue d'histoire moderne, XI (N.S., v) (Paris, 1936), 394.Google Scholar

24. For the views of the old Brethren, see Peter Brock, op. cit., pp. 70–205.

25. Cf. the essays on the changes in Bohemian society by Betts, R. R., Essays, pp. 247–84.Google Scholar

26. Müller, Josef Th. and Bartoš, F. M., Dějiny Jednoty bratrské, I (Prague, 1923), 224ff.Google Scholar

27. Sněmy české, I (Prague, 1877), 93;Google ScholarKameníček, František, Zemské sněmy a sjezdy moravské, III (Brno, 1905), 297, fn. 2.Google Scholar

28. Kameníček, op. cit., III, 297, fn. 3. On the struggle for religious liberty during the reign of Maximilian, see Míka, Alois, “Z bojů o náboženskou toleranci V 16. století,” Československý časopis historický (Prague), 1970, 371–80.Google Scholar Selected sources on the important Diet of Prague in 1575 are now available in English translation in Ziegler, Donald J., ed., Great Debates of the Reformation (New York, 1969), pp. 281–323.Google Scholar See also FrHrubý, , “Zápas Čechů s Habsburky o náboženskou toleranci,” in Co daly naše země Evropě a lidstvu, ed. Mathesius, Vilém (Prague, 1939).Google Scholar

29. Sněmy české, I, 98f. Cf. Janáček, Josef, České dějiny: Doba předbělohorská 1526–1547 (Prague, 1968), pp. 221ff.Google Scholar

30. Archiv český, XI, 351, and Kameníček, op. cit., III, 405, fn. 2.

31. Loesche, G., Geschichte des Protestantismus in Österreich (3rd ed., Vienna, 1930), p. 19.Google Scholar On Ferdinand's lengthy negotiations for permission for the chalice for the laity and on his policies of Catholic reform, see Kavka, František and Skýbová, Anna, Husitský epilog na koncilu tridentském a původní koncepce habsburské rekatolizace Čech (Prague, 1969).Google Scholar

32. Cf. the excellent study by FrHrubý, , “Luterství a kalvinismus na Moravě před Bílou horou,” Český časopis historický, XI (1934), 265–309, and XLI (1935), 237–68.Google Scholar See also Heymann, F. G., “The Impact of Martin Luther upon Bohemia,” Central European History, I (1968), 107–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

33. Reported by FrHrubý, in Český časopis historický, XLI (1935), 242.Google Scholar

34. For a description and analysis of the Moravian religious scene at that time, see Zeman, J. K., The Anabaptists and the Czech Brethren in Moravia (The Hague, 1969), pp. 59–241.Google Scholar

35. Cf. ibid., pp. 281ff., and De Wind, Henry A., “A Sixteenth-Century Description of Religious Sects in Austerlitz, Moravia,” Mennonite Quarterly Review, XXIX (1955), 44–53.Google Scholar

36. FrHrubý, made exhaustive use of the records of the diet in his article, “Die Wiedertäufer in Mähren,” Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte, XXX (1933), 1–36 and 170–211; XXXI (1934), 61–102; and XXXII (1935), 1–40.Google Scholar

37. Kameníček, op. cit., III, 302–304.

38. Archiv český, XX, 82–88 (Latin original); English translation in At the Cross-roads of Eurpoe, ed. Čapek, Karel et al. , (Prague, 1938), pp. 161f.Google Scholar

39. Hrejsa, Dějiny, V, 184f.

40. Nekuda, Vladimír, Zaniklé osady na Moravě v období feudalismu (Brno, 1961), p. 162.Google ScholarCf. also Zeman, J. K., “Historical Topography of Moravian Anabaptism,” Mennonite Quarterly Review, XL (1966), 266–78, and XLI (1967), 40–78 and 116–60.Google Scholar

41. Janáček, op. cit., pp. 162f.

42. Cf. the letter written by John Pernstein in 1522 to intercede for Paul Speratus in Jihlava, edited by Schenner, Ferdinand in Zeitschrift des deutschen Vereines für die Geschichte Mährens und Schlesiens (Brünn), xv (1911), 226f.Google Scholar

43. As an example, see Říčan's articles mentioned in fn. 11 above.