1. Deak, Istvan, Weimar Germany's Left-Wing Intellectuals: A Political History of the Weltbühne and Its Circle (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1968);Google ScholarPoor, Harold L., Kurt Tucholsky and the Ordeal of Germany, 1914–1935 (New York, 1968);Google ScholarWurgaft, Lewis D., “The Activist Movement: Cultural Politics on the German Left, 1914–1933” (Ph.D. diss., Harvard University, 1971).Google Scholar

2. Mosse, George L., The Crisis of German Ideology: The Intellectual Origins of the Third Reich (New York, 1964);Google ScholarStern, Fritz, The Politics of Cultural Despair: A Study of the Rise of the Germanic Ideology (New York, 1965);Google ScholarGay, Peter, Weimar Culture: The Outsider as Insider (New York, 1968).Google Scholar

3. Mitzman, Arthur, “Modernism and Weimar,” Dissent, xvi (04–05 1969);Google ScholarSauer, Wolfgang, “Weimar Culture: Experiments in Modernism,” Social Research, xxxcx, no. 2 (Summer 1972);Google ScholarMosse, George L., Germans and Jews: The Right, the Left, and the Search for a “Third Force” in Pre-Nazi Germany (New York, 1970).Google Scholar An earlier work which also rejects the equation of volkisch thought with proto-Nazism, but has other conceptual difficulties, is Klemperer, Klemens von, Germany's New Conservatism (Princeton, 1957).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

4. (Detroit, 1971), p. 113.

5. Stern, Fritz, The Failure of German Illiberalism: Essays on the Political Culture of Modern Germany (New York, 1972), p. 17.Google Scholar

6. Landauer, Gustav, Aufruf zum Sozialismus, 2nd ed. (Berlin, 1919), p. 5; quoted in Lunn, p. 49.Google Scholar

7. Dühring's Die Judenfrage was published in 1880, but it is not until 1909 that evidence exists that Landauer noticed his anti-Semitism, and only then in a private letter to Fritz Mauthner (quoted in Maurer, p. 80).

8. (Cleveland and New York, 1961), pp. 229–38.