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The German Resistance: Answered and Unanswered Questions
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 16 December 2008
Extract
In Adolf Hitler's Third Reich, resistance, save perhaps in the ranks of the SS, sooner or later manifested itself in every quarter and over a range of forms from mere footdragging to outright conspiracy. Of the many types that could be enumerated, however, there was only one that (1) had enough access to instruments of power to give promise of attaining a turnover; (2) represented, except for the Communists, a full range of social, political, and religious forces in German society; and (3) repeatedly produced concrete plans and preparations for seizing the reins of government.
- Type
- Symposium: New Perspectives on the German Resistance Against National Socialism
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © Conference Group for Central European History of the American Historical Association 1981
References
The papers gathered here have two origins. Those by Harold C. Deutsch, Peter Hoffmann, and Klemens von Klemperer were presented at a session of the American Historical Association annual meeting on December 29, 1979. They have been revised for publication, but to some extent preserve the characteristics of oral presentation. The paper by Robert O. Paxton is a revised version of the comment he delivered on that occasion. The session was chaired by Franklin L. Ford. The final paper, by Leonidas E. Hill, is a revised version of a paper delivered at The Citadel Symposium on Hitler and the National Socialist Era, April 24–25, 1980.
1. Interview of June 1936 in Leipzig.
2. Ritter, Gerhard, “Deutscher Widerstand,” in Zeitwende, 07 1954. No pagination.Google Scholar
3. As related to the writer by one who was present, Professor Patijn of the University of Utrecht.
4. A scene described in an attestation to the Institut für Zeitgeschichte by Ferdinand, Baron von Lüninck. Copy in the author's possession.
5. Interview of June 1958.
6. Interview of Feb. 13, 1970.
7. Interview of Nov. 14, 1968.
8. Interview with Franz Sonderegger, Aug. 1958; with Walter Huppenkothen, Sept. 11, 1960.
9. Extensive conversations were conducted in Warsaw on this subject in August 1968. Whether the readiness then expressed not only to authorize but to participate in such a search still exists remains to be determined. Whether the German conspirator who hid the documents and who lives under a considerable cloud so far as his then associates are concerned can ever be persuaded to cooperate appears doubtful. To all intents and purposes he refused to do so in 1970.
10. Three interviews with Manfred Simon in 1969–70. There followed interviews with four of his associates.
11. Interview with Hans Speidel, Nov. 3, 1969.
12. Interview with Fabian von Schlabrendorff, Feb. 13, 1970.
13. Geffen, , William, , ed., Command and Commanders in Modern Warfare, 2nd enl. ed. (Colorado Springs: United States Air Force Academy, 1971).Google Scholar