1. Jarausch, Konrad H., “German Social History—American Style,” Journal of Social History 19 (1985): 349–59, statistics on 350–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

2. Veblen, Thorstein, Imperial Germany and the Industrial Revolution (Ann Arbor, 1966, first published in 1915)Google Scholar; Todsall, H. R., “The German Steel Syndicate,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 32 (1917): 259–306Google Scholar; Stocking, George and Watkins, Myron, Cartels in Action (New York, 1947)Google Scholar; Brady, Robert, The Rationalization of German Industry: A Study in the Evolution of Economic Planning (Berkeley, 1933)Google Scholar; Ellis, Howard, German Monetary Theory, 1905–1933 (Cambridge, 1937)Google Scholar; Schweitzer, Alfred, Big Business in the Third Reich (Bloomington, 1964)Google Scholar; Balabkins, Nicholas, Germany Under Direct Controls (New Brunswick, 1964)Google Scholar; Mendershausen, Horst, Two Postwar Recoveries of the German Economy (Amsterdam, 1955)Google Scholar; Wallich, Henry C., Mainsprings of the German Revival (New Haven, 1955);Google ScholarSchumpeter, Joseph, Business Cycles, 2 vols. (New York and London, 1939).Google Scholar

3. Kindleberger, Charles, The World in Depression 1929–1939 (London, 1973)Google Scholar; Temin, Peter, “The Beginning of the Depression in Germany,” Economic History Review 24 (1971): 240–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

4. The literature is discussed in Webb, Steven B., “Money Demand and Expectations in the German Hyperinflation: A Survey of the Models,” Schmukler, Nathan and Marcus, Edward, eds., Inflation Through the Ages: Economic, Social, Psychological and Historical Aspects (New York, 1983), 435–49.Google Scholar

5. Gerschenkron, Alexander, Bread and Democracy in Germany (Berkeley, 1943)Google Scholar and Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective, 2d ed. (New York, 1965)Google Scholar. Redlich, Fritz, The German Military Enterpriser and His Work Force: A Study in European Economic and Social History, 2 vols. (Wiesbaden, 1964–1965)Google Scholar; Anfänge und Entwicklung der Firmengeschichte und Unternehmerbiographie: Das deutsche Geschäftsleben in der Geschichtsschreibung (Baden-Baden, 1959)Google Scholar; Der Unternehmer: Wirtschafis- und Sozialgeschichtliche Studien (Göttingen, 1964)Google Scholar; Steeped in Two Cultures: A Selection of Essays (New York, 1971)Google Scholar. Landes, David, The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present (Cambridge, 1969)Google Scholar; “Japan and Europe: Contrasts in Industrialization,” in Lockwood, William, ed., The State and Economic Enterprise in Japan (Princeton, 1965), 93–182CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Parker, William N., Europe, America and the Wider World: Essays on the Economic History of Western Capitalism, 1, Europe and the World Economy (Cambridge, 1984).Google Scholar

6. Redlich, Fritz, “Recent Developments in German Economic History,” Journal of Economic History 17 (1958): 516–30, quote on 530.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

7. American Historical Review 63 (1957): 121–22CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Now reprinted in Rosenberg, Hans, Machteliten und Wirtschaftskonjunkturen: Studien zur neueren deutschen Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte (Göttingen, 1978), 288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

8. American Historical Review 72 (1967): 1005–1006CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Reprinted in Rosenberg, Machteliten, 287.

9. Tilly, Richard, “Soll und Haben: Recent German Economic History and the Problem of Economic Development,” Journal of Economic History 29 (1969): 298–319, quote on 298.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

10. Ibid., 318.

11. Hermann, Walther, “Fritz Redlich,” Tradition: Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte 24 (1979): 1–9Google Scholar. For examples of Alfred Chandler's influence, see Kocka, Jürgen, “The Rise of the Modern Industrial Enterprise in Germany,” in Chandler, Alfred and Daems, Herman, Managerial Hierarchies: Comparative Perspectives on the Rise of the Modern Industrial Enterprise (Cambridge, Mass., 1980), 77–116Google Scholar, and Horn, Norbert and Kocka, Jürgen, Recht und Entwicklung der Grossunternehmen im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert: Wirtschafis-, sozial- und rechtshistorische Untersuchungen zur Industrialisierung in Deutschland, Frankreich, England und den USA (Göttingen, 1979).Google Scholar

12. See Wehler, Hans-Ulrich, Bismarck und der Imperialismus (Cologne & Berlin, 1964)Google Scholar, and Das Deutsche Kaiserreich 1871–1918 (Göttingen, 1973)Google Scholar. On “organized capitalism,” see the essays in Winkler, H. A., ed., Organisierter Kapitalismus: Voraussetzungen und Anfänge (Göttingen, 1974).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

13. Landes in Lockwood, Japan and Europe, 103–4.

14. Tilly, Richard, Financial Institutions and the Industrialization of the Rhineland (Madison, 1966)Google Scholar, and “Germany 1815–1870” in Cameron, Rondo, ed., Banking in the Early Stages of Industrialization (New York, 1967), 151–82.Google Scholar

15. Kisch, Herbert, “The textile Industries in Silesia and the Rhineland: A Comparative Study in Industrialization,” Journal of Economic History 19 (1959): 541–64CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Kisch's, Die hausindustriellen Textilgewerbe am Niederrhein vor der Industriellen Revolution: Von der ursprünglichen zur kapitalistischen Akkumulation (Göttingen, 1981)Google Scholar has been published posthumously in German. See the critical but generous and interesting appreciation by Kuczynski, Jürgen, “Herbert Kisch als Wirtschaftshistoriker” in Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte (1984/2): 187–89Google Scholar. Tipton, Frank B. Jr., Regional Variations in the Economic Development of Germany during the Nineteenth Century (Middletown, Conn., 1976)Google Scholar, and “The National Consensus in German Economic History,” Central European History 7 (1974): 195–224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

16. Tilly, Charles and Tilly, Richard, “Agenda for European Economic History in the 1970's,” Journal of Economic History 31 (1971): 184–98, quote on 186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

17. Hochstadt, Steve, “Migration in Preindustrial Germany,” Central European History 16 (1983): 195–224CrossRefGoogle Scholar. See also, Berkner, Lutz K., “Inheritance, Land Tenure and Peasant Family Structure: A German Regional Comparison,” in Goody, Jack, Thirsk, Joan, and Thompson, E. P., eds., Family and Inheritance: Rural Society in Western Europe, 1200–1800 (Cambridge, 1976), 71–95Google Scholar, and “Peasant Household Organization and Demographic Change in Lower Saxony, 1689–1766,” in Lee, Ronald Demos, ed., Population Patterns in the Past (New York, 1977), 53–69Google Scholar; Sabean, David, “Household Formation and Geographical Mobility: A Family Register Study for a Württemberg Village, 1760–1900,” Annales de Démographie Historique (1970): 275–94Google Scholar; Sharlin, Allan, “Natural Decrease in Early Modern Cities: A Reconsideration,” Past and Present 79 (1978): 126–38CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Knodel, John E., The Decline of Fertility in Germany, 1871–1939 (Princeton, 1974)Google Scholar; Haines, Michael, “Population and Economic Change in Nineteenth-Century Eastern Europe: Prussian Upper Silesia, 1840–1913,” Journal of Economic History 36 (1976): 334–58CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Sharlin's important studies of the demography of Würzburg, begun before his death, are being completed by Jan de Vries. It should be mentioned that Knodel has produced many articles dealing with the demography of the pre-1871 period.

18. American Historical Review 50 (1944): 117–18, reprinted in Rosenberg, Machteliten, 279–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

19. journal of Economic History 28 (1968): 154–56CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Reprinted in Gerschenkron, Alexander, Continuity in History and Other Essays (Cambridge, Mass. 1968), 405–8.Google Scholar

20. American Historical Review 72 (1967): 1005–1006CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Reprinted in Rosenberg, Machteliten, 287.

21. “Potentialities and Pitfalls in Economic History,” Explorations in Entrepreneurial History, 2d ser., 6 (1968): 93–108, quote on 108Google Scholar. Reprinted in Redlich, Two Cultures, 356–74.

22. Neuberger, Hugh M. and Stokes, Houston H., “German Banks and German Growth: A Reply,” Journal of Economic History 31 (1978): 425–27, quote on 427.Google Scholar

23. Tenfelde, Klaus, “Schwierigkeiten mit dem Alltag,” Geschichte und Gesellschaft 10 (1984): 376–94, quote on 391.Google Scholar

24. Jürgen Kocka, “Zurück zur Erzählung? Pläyoder für historische Argumentation,” in ibid.: 395–408.

25. Rohr, Donald G., The Origins of Social Liberalism in Germany (Chicago, 1963), 12–77Google Scholar. The work criticized by Rohr was Hamerow, Theodore S., Restoration, Revolution, Reaction: Economics and Politics in Germany, 1815–1871 (Princeton, 1958).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

26. Marquardt, Frederick D., “Pauperismus in Germany during the Vormärz,” Central European History II (1969): 77–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

27. Hagen, William W., “How Mighty the Junkers? Peasant Rents and Seigneurial Profits in Sixteenth-Century Brandenburg,” Past and Present 108 (1985): 80–116CrossRefGoogle Scholar, and “TheJunkers' Faithless Servants: Peasant Insubordination and the Breakdown of Serfdom in Brandenburg-Prussia, 1763–1811,” in Evans, Richard J. and Lee, W. R., The German Peasantry: Conflict and Community in Rural Society from the Eighteenth to the Twentieth Centuries (London & Sidney, 1986), 71–101.Google Scholar

28. Hunt, James C., “Peasants, Grain Tariffs and Meat Quotas: Imperial German Protectionism Reexamined,” Central European History 7 (1974): 311–31CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Moeller, Robert G., Peasants, Politics and Pressure Groups in War and Inflation: A Study of the Rhineland and Westphalia (Chapel Hill, 1986)Google Scholar. See also the introduction to the fine collection of essays he just edited, Peasants and Lords in Modern Germany: Recent Studies in Agricultural History (Boston, 1986), 1–23.Google Scholar

29. On the project, see Holtfrerich, Carl-Ludwig, “Inflation und Wiederaufbau in Deutschland und Europa 1914–1924: Ein Projekt der Historischen Kommission zu Berlin und der Stiftung Volkswagenwerk,” Jahrbuch der historischen Forschung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland: Berichtsjahr 1983 (Munich, 1984), 40–50Google Scholar. For Webb's, work in this area, see n. 3 and his “The Supply of Money and Reichsbank Financing of Government and Corporate Debt in Germany, 1919–1923,” Journal of Economic History 44 (1984): 499–507CrossRefGoogle Scholar. See also, Feldman, Gerald D., Holtfrerich, Carl-Ludwig, Ritter, Gerhard A., and Witt, Peter-Christian, eds., The German Inflation: A Preliminary Balance (Berlin and New York, 1982)Google Scholar and The Experience of Inflation: International and Comparative Studies (Berlin and New York, 1984).Google Scholar

30. For Borchardt's controversial views on the Great Depression in Germany, see the three concluding essays in Borchardt, Knut, Wachstum, Krisen, Handlungsspielräume der Wirtschaftspolitih (Göttingen, 1982), 165–224CrossRefGoogle Scholar. For Maier's, confrontation with them, see his “Die Nicht-Deter-miniertheit ökonomischer Modeller Überlegungen zu Knut Borchardts These von der ‘kranken Wirtschaft’ der Weimarer Republik,” Geschichte und Gesellschaft 11 (1985): 275–94.Google Scholar

31. For illustrations of the techniques that might be used to deal with some of the problems I have raised, see Webb, Steven B., “Tariffs, Cartels, Technology, and Growth in the German Steel Industry, 1879–1914,” Journal of Economic History 40 (1980): 309–29CrossRefGoogle Scholar, and Peters, Lon, “Are Cartels Unstable? The German Steel Works Association Before World War I,” in Gary Saxenhouse and Gavin Wright, Technique, Spirit and Form in the Making of the Modern Economies: Essays in Honor of William N. Parker: Research in Economic History: Supplement 3 (Greenwich, Conn. and London, 1984), 61–85.Google Scholar

32. Fogel, Robert W. and Elton, G. R., Which Road to the Past? Two Views of History (New Haven and London, 1983), 125.Google Scholar