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Dilated cardiomyopathy secondary to rickets-related hypocalcaemia: eight case reports and a review of the literature

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 December 2013

Osman Yilmaz ,
Hasim Olgun ,
Murat Ciftel ,
Omer Kilic ,
Ibrahim Kartal ,
Nebahat Y. Iskenderoglu ,
Fuat Laloglu  and
Naci Ceviz
Osman Yilmaz
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Erzurum District Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
Hasim Olgun
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Ataturk University Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
Murat Ciftel
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Erzurum District Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
Omer Kilic*
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Erzurum District Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
Ibrahim Kartal
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, Erzurum District Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
Nebahat Y. Iskenderoglu
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, Erzurum District Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
Fuat Laloglu
Affiliation:
Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Nenehatun Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
Naci Ceviz
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Ataturk University Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
*
Correspondence to: O. Kilic, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Erzurum District Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey. Tel: +90 442 2325364; Fax: +90 442 2325090; E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Introduction: Dilated cardiomyopathy is usually idiopathic and may arise secondary to infections or metabolic or genetic causes. Another rare cause is hypocalcaemia. Owing to the fact that calcium plays an essential role in excitation and contraction of myocardial muscle, myocardial contractility may decline in patients with hypocalcaemia. Materials and Methods: Patients with symptoms of congestive heart failure and rickets-related hypocalcaemia were assessed clinically and by echocardiography in a paediatric cardiology clinic. Echocardiography was performed for all patients. Rickets was diagnosed according to the clinical, laboratory, and radiologic findings. Maternal lifestyle and living conditions were investigated, and the maternal 25-OH vitamin D3 blood level was measured. Results: We evaluated eight patients who developed heart failure as a result of severe hypocalcaemia associated with rickets between August, 1999 and June, 2012. The age distribution of the patients was 3–12 months. Laboratory results were consistent with advanced-stage rickets. Severe hypocalcaemia was detected in all patients. The maternal 25-OH vitamin D3 levels were low. Echocardiography revealed increased pre-treatment left ventricle end-systolic and end-diastolic diameters for age and reduced ejection fraction and fractional shortening. After clinical improvement, the patients were discharged. Conclusions: Severe hypocalcaemia associated with rickets must always be kept in mind among the causes of dilated cardiomyopathy and impaired cardiac function in infants. If diagnosed and treated in time, dilated cardiomyopathy and severe heart failure related to rickets respond well.

Keywords

Ricketshypocalcaemiavitamin D3 deficiencydilated cardiomyopathy
Type
Original Articles
Information
Cardiology in the Young , Volume 25 , Issue 2 , February 2015 , pp. 261 - 266
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

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