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Echocardiography of coarctation of the aorta, aortic arch hypoplasia, and arch interruption: strategies for evaluation of the aortic arch

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 February 2017

Suma P. Goudar ,
Sanket S. Shah  and
Girish S. Shirali
Suma P. Goudar*
Affiliation:
Ward Family Heart Center, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
Sanket S. Shah
Affiliation:
Ward Family Heart Center, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
Girish S. Shirali
Affiliation:
Ward Family Heart Center, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
*
Correspondence to: S. P. Goudar, MD, 2401 Gillham Rd, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States of America. Tel: +1 816 234 3255; Fax: +1 816 302 9987; E-mail: [email protected].
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Abstract

Aim

Echocardiography is the modality of choice for the diagnosis and serial follow-up of aortic arch pathology. In this article, we review the types of obstruction of the aortic arch, various classification schemes of coarctation of the aorta and interrupted aortic arch, methodology for optimal echocardiographic imaging of the aortic arch, and key echocardiographic measurements for accurate diagnosis of obstruction and hypoplasia of the aortic arch. Finally, we will discuss the limitations of echocardiography in optimal imaging of the aortic arch and the use of other non-invasive imaging modalities such as CT or MRI to provide additional information in these cases.

Background

Coarctation of the aorta is the more common lesion of the two, with an estimated incidence of four in every 10,000 live births in the United States of America. Interrupted aortic arch is rarer, with an incidence of 19 per one million live births.1 There is a spectrum of pathology of obstruction of the aortic arch, ranging from coarctation of the aorta with and without hypoplasia of the arch to interrupted aortic arch. Both these lesions are frequently encountered in congenital cardiology practice, and will be discussed in the remainder of this article. Obstruction of the aortic arch in the setting of hypoplastic left heart structures or atresia of the aortic valve is beyond the scope of this review and will not be discussed further.

Keywords

Echocardiographycoarctation of the aortainterrupted aortic arch
Type
Review Articles
Information
Cardiology in the Young , Volume 26 , Special Issue 8: HeartWeek 2016 , December 2016 , pp. 1553 - 1562
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2017 

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References

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