Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2brh9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T07:36:35.577Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Blalock-Taussig shunt: the social history of an eponym

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 April 2009

William N. Evans*
Affiliation:
Children’s Heart Center, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States of America Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States of America
*
Correspondence to: William N. Evans MD, Children’s Heart Center, 3006 S. Maryland Pkwy, Ste. 690, Las Vegas, NV 89109, USA. Tel: (702) 732-1290. Fax: (702) 732-1385; E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Creating eponyms for surgical procedures or medical discoveries can be a simple objective process of attaching names of innovators. Some eponyms, however, have a controversial history. Undertaking the first systemic-to-pulmonary arterial shunt required the combined efforts of Helen Taussig, Vivien Thomas, and Alfred Blalock. In this review, I attempt to look beyond the mechanics of attributing the eponym to the larger social history surrounding the term.

Type
Historical Vignette
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Gross, RE, Hubbard, JH. Surgical ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus: report of first successful case. JAMA 1939; 112: 729731.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Frey, EK, Kuetgens, G. Die Chirurgie des Herzens und der Grossen Gefasse. Ferdinand Enke Verlag, Stuttgart, 1956, p 334.Google Scholar
3.Ravitch, MM. The Papers of Alfred Blalock. The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 1966.Google Scholar
4.Longmire, WP. Alfred Blalock: his life and times. William P. Longmire Jr, 1991.Google Scholar
5.The Alan Mason Chesney Medical Archives of the Johns Hopkins Institutions. http://medicalarchives.jhmi.eduGoogle Scholar
6.Thomas, VT. Pioneering Research in Surgical Shock and Cardiovascular Surgery: Vivien Thomas and His Work with Alfred Blalock. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1985.Google Scholar
7.Timmermans, S. A black technician and blue babies. Social Studies of Science 2003; 33: 197229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Levy, S, Blalock, A. Experimental observations on the effects of connecting by suture the left main pulmonary artery to the systemic circulation. J Thorac Surg 1939; 8: 525530.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Baldwin, J. To Heal the Heart of a Child. Walker and Company, New York City, 1992.Google Scholar
10.Goodman, GL. MD thesis: A Gentle Heart: The life of Helen Taussig. Yale University, New Haven, 1983.Google Scholar
11.Harvey, WP. A conversation with Helen Taussig. Medical Times 1978; 106: 2844.Google Scholar
12.McNamara, DG, Helen, B. Taussig the original pediatric cardiologist. Medical Times 1978; 106: 2327.Google ScholarPubMed
13.Nuland, SB. Doctors: Biography of Medicine. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1988, pp 422–456.Google Scholar
14.McNamara, DG, Manning, JA, Engle, MA, Whittemore, R, Neill, CA, Ferencz, C. Helen Brooke Taussig: 1898 to 1986. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987; 10: 662671.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15.Taussig, HB, Meserve, FL. Rhythmic contractions in isolated strips of mammalian ventricle. Am J Physiol 1925; 72: 8998.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16.Bernheim, BM. The Story of The Johns Hopkins. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1948.Google Scholar
17.Evans, WN. Clifton Briggs Leech: first director of the pediatric cardiac clinic at The Johns Hopkins Harriet Lane Home for Invalid Children. Cardiol Young 2008 Sep 26: 1–8 [Epub ahead of print].CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Personal communication from Sheila Spalding, Archivist at Boston Children’s Hospital, and Majorie W Kehoe, Accessioning Archivist at the Alan Mason Chesney Medical Archives at Johns Hopkins. November 2008.Google Scholar
19.Tucker, BL, Lindesmith, GG, Takahashi, M. First Clinical Conference on Congenital Heart Disease. Grune & Strantton Inc, New York City, 1979, pp 325–341.Google Scholar
20.Gott, VL. And it happened during our liftetime …. Ann Thorac Surg 1993; 55: 10571064.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21.Eppinger, EC, Burwell, SC, Gross, RE. The effects of the patent ductus arteriosus on the circulation. J Clin Invest 1941; 20: 127143.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
22.Hendren, WH. Introduction and historical overview: North American perspective. In: Stringer MD, Oldham KT, Mouriquand PDE (eds). Pediatric Surgery and Urology: Long-term Outcomes. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2006, pp 311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Crafoord, C, Nylin, G. Congenital coarctation of the aorta and its surgical treatment. J Thorac Surg 1945; 14: 347361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25.Blalock, A, Park, EA. Surgical treatment of experimental coarctation (atresia) of the aorta. Ann Surg 1944; 119: 445456.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
26.Thomas, VT. Pioneering Research in Surgical Shock and Cardiovascular Surgery: Vivien Thomas and His Work with Alfred Blalock. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1985, pp 80–81 & p 91.Google Scholar
27.Blalock, A, Taussig, HB. The surgical treatment of malformations of the heart in which there is pulmonary stenosis or pulmonary atresia. JAMA 1945; 128: 189202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28.Neill, CA, Clark, EB. The Developing Heart: A ‘History’ of Pediatric Cardiology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1995, p 54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29.Bart, J. Women succeeding in the sciences: theories and practices across disciplines. Purdue University Press e-books, 2000, p 19. http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1015&context=press_ebooksGoogle Scholar
30.Hurt, R, Barry, JE, Adams, AP, Fleming, PR. The History of Cardiothoracic Surgery from Early Times. Parthenon, New York City, 1996, p 433.Google Scholar
31.Blalock, A. The surgical treatment of congenital pulmonic stenosis. Ann Surg 1946; 124: 879887.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
32.Blalock, A. Physiopathology and surgical treatment of congenital cardiovascular defects. Bull NY Acad Med 1946; 22: 5780.Google ScholarPubMed
33.Bing, RJ, Vandam, LD, Gray, FD. Physiological studies in congenital heart disease. I, II, and III. Bull Johns Hopkins Hospital 1947; 80: 107120; 121–141, 323–347.Google Scholar
34.Stoltz, S. In: Potter L, Kalin A. Partners of the Heart: American Experience. A Public Broadcasting film, 2003.Google Scholar
35.Bing, RJ. Cardiology: The Evolution of the Science and the Art. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1999, pp 84–103.Google Scholar
37.Evans, WN. The relationship between Maude Abbott and Helen Taussig: connecting the historical dots. Cardiol Young 2008; 18: 557564; Epub 2008 Oct 9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
39.Shumacker, HB Jr. The Evolution of Cardiac Surgery. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Indiana, 1992, pp 66–75.Google Scholar
40.Brogan, TV, Alfieris, GM. Has the time come to rename the Blalock-Taussig Shunt. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2003; 4: 450453.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
41.Murphy, AM, Cameron, DE. The Blalock-Taussig-Thomas collaboration: a model for medical progress. JAMA 2008; 300: 328330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar