¹ Head, Ivan, “The Contribution of International Law to Development” (1987) 25 Canadian Yearbook of International Law 29.Google Scholar

² Ibid.

³ Ivan Head addressed the annual meeting of the Canadian Council on International Law (CCIL) in 1986 in his capacity then as the president of the Interna-tional Development Research Centre (IDRC) in Ottawa. A revised version of Head’s remarks was subsequendy published as “The Contribution of International Law to Development” (1987) 25 Canadian Yearbook of International Law 29–45.

⁴ Head prefers the use of “South-North” as a more accurate reflection of the current state of the international system because the traditional usage of “North-South” is misleading for “it lends weight to the impression that the South is the diminutive.” See Head, I., On a Hinge of History: The Mutual Vulnerability of South and North (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, in conjunction with the International Development Research Centre, 1991) 14.Google Scholar

⁵ Some of Head’s popular works on aspects of South-North relations include: On a Hinge of History, supra note 4; The Canadian Way: Shaping Canada’s Foreign Policy 1968-1984 (with Pierre Elliot Trudeau) (Toronto: McCelland and Stewart, 1995); “Contribution of International Law,” supra note 1; and “South-North Dangers” (1989) 68 Foreign Affairs 71.

⁶ Ibid.

⁷ Head, On a Hinge of History, supra note 4 at 1.

⁸ I borrowed the expression “global neighbourhood” from the Commission on Global Governance. See Our Global Neighbourhood: The Report of the Commission on Global Governance (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995).

⁹ Bedjaoui, Mohammed, Towards a New International Economic Order (Paris: UNESCO, 1979).Google Scholar

¹⁰ Bedjaoui juxtaposes the two concepts to indict international law as a Eurocentric, oligarchic, and plutocratic discipline that has historically upheld a predatory economic order based on the economic exploitation of weak nations by the powerful, ibid. For a discussion of Bedjaoui’s thesis in the context of contemporary Third World approaches to international law, see Mickelson, K., “Rhetoric and Rage: Third World Voices in International Legal Discourse” (1998) 16 Wisconsin Int’l L.J. 353 Google Scholar. On the discourse of globalization and predatory economic order, see Falk, Richard, Predatory Globalization: A Critique (Oxford: Blackwell, 1999)Google Scholar; Chossudovsky, M., The Globalization of Poverty: Impacts of IMF and World Bank Reforms (Penang: Third World Network, 1997)Google Scholar; Brecher, J. and Castello, T., Global Village or Global Pillage: Economic Reconstruction from the Bottom Up (Boston: South End Press, 1994)Google Scholar; and Bello, Waiden, DeGlobalization: Ideas for a New World Economy (London and New York: Zed Books, 2004).Google Scholar

¹¹ See South Commission, The Challenge of the South: The Report of the South Commission (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990) at 1.

¹² Brundtland, Gro Harlem, “Global Health and International Security” (2003) 9 Global Governance 417.Google Scholar

¹³ On the bourgeoning literature on globalization of public health, see Yach, D. and Bettcher, D., “The Globalization of Public Health, I: Threats and Opportunities” (1998) 88 Am. J. of Pub. Health 735–38;CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed Yach, D. and Bettcher, D., “The Globalization of Public Health, II: The Convergence of Self-interest and Altruism” (1998) 88 Am. J. of Pub. Health 738–41CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed; Fidler, David P., “The Globalization of Public Health: Emerging Infectious Diseases and International Relations” (1997) 5 Ind. J. of Global Legal Stud. 1 Google Scholar; Walt, G., “Globalization and International Health” (1998) The Lancet 434 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed; Chen, Lincoln, et al., eds., Global Health Challenges for Human Security (Cambridge: Harvard, 2003)Google Scholar; and Lee, K. and Dodgson, R., “Globalization and Cholera: Implications for Global Governance” (2000) 6 Global Governance 213–36.Google Scholar

¹⁴ See Scholte, Jan Art, Globalization: A Critical Introduction (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2000) at 16 Google Scholar (characterizing globalization as “the spread of suprater-ritoriality"). See also Held, David et al., eds., Global Transformations: Politics, Economics and Culture (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1999).Google Scholar

¹⁵ Lee, Kelly, “Globalization, Communicable Disease and Equity: A Look Back and Forth” 42(4) (1999) Development (Special Issue on Responses to Globaliza-tion: Rethinking Health and Equity) 35. Google Scholar

¹⁶ For a discussion of SARS and the Westphalian concept of sovereignty, see Obijiofor Aginam, “Between Isolationism and Mutual Vulnerability: A South-North Perspective on Global Governance of Epidemics in an Age of Globalization” (2004) 77 Temple Law Review 297; Aginam, Obijiofor, “Globalization of Infectious Diseases, International Law and the World Health Organization: Opportunities for Synergy in Global Governance of Epidemics” (2004) 11 New Eng. J. of Int’l&\Comp. L. 59.Google Scholar

¹⁷ Thucydides, , History of the Peloponnesian War (Warner, R., trans.) (Penguin Books, 1954)Google ScholarPubMed. See also Longrigg, James, “Epidemic, Ideas, and Classical Athenian Society,” in Ranger, T. and Slack, P., Epidemics and Ideas (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992) at 21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

¹⁸ See World Health Organization, Macroeconomics and Health: Investing in Health for Economic Development: Report of the WHO Commission on Macroeconomics and Health (World Health Organization (WHO) with the Center for International Development, Harvard University), chaired by Jeffrey Sachs (Geneva: WHO, 2001).

¹⁹ Shiva, Vandana, “The Greening of the Global Reach,” in Sachs, W., ed., Global Ecology: A New Era of Political Conflict (Halifax: Fernwood, 1993) at 149, 151, 155.Google Scholar

²⁰ Dr. Gro-Harlem Brundtland was former prime minster of Norway and the past director-general of the World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.

²¹ Brunddand Commission, Our Common Future (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987).

²² Ibid, at 43.

²³ Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, 3 June 1992, UN Doc. A/ CONF. 151/26/Rev. 1 (1992), reprinted in 31 I.L.M. 876 (1992).

²⁴ United Nadons, Press Release DPI/2277, July 2002.

²⁵ On the apparent “indifference” of international law to the ecological struggles in the exploitation of natural resources of the South by multinational corporations, see Aginam, Obijiofor, “Saving the Tortoise, the Turtle, and the Terrapin: The Hegemony of Global Environmentalism and the Marginalization of Third World Approaches to Sustainable Development,” in Okafor, O. and Aginam, O., eds., Humanizing Our Global Order: Essays in Honour of Ivan Head (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2003) at 12 Google Scholar; Holwick, Scott, “Transnational Corporate Behavior and Its Disparate and Unjust Effects on the Indigenous Cultures and Environment of Developing Nations: Jota v. Texaco, a Case Study” (2000) 11 Colo. J. Int’l Envt’l L. & Pol’y 183 Google Scholar; Okonta, Ike and Douglas, Oronto, When Vultures Feast: Shell, Human Rights, and Oil in the Niger Delta (San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 2001)Google Scholar; Witzig, R. and Ascencios, M, “The Road to Indigenous Extinction: Case Study of Resource Exploitation, Disease Importation, and Human Rights Violations against the Urarina in the Peruvian Amazon” 4 (1) Health&\Hum. Rts. 61 Google ScholarPubMed; and Brady, Jennifer E., “The Huaorani Tribe of Ecuador: A Study of Self-Determination for Indigenous Peoples” (1997) 10 Harv. Hum. Rts. J. 291.Google Scholar

²⁶ Mickelson, Karin, “South, North, International Environmental Law and International Environmental Lawyers” (2000) 11 Y.B. Int’l Envt’l L. 52.Google Scholar

²⁷ Case Concerning the Gabcikovo-Nagymaros Project (Hungary v. Slovakia), [ 1997] I.C.J. Rep. The dispute involved the environmental sustainability of certain development projects on the Danube River.

²⁸ Head, On a Hinge of History, supra note 4 at 8–9.

²⁹ Ibid., preface at xii.

³⁰ See Osillag, Ron, “Ivan Head: The Kissinger of Canada 1930–2004,” Globe and Mail, 6 November 2004.Google Scholar

³¹ Head, On a Hinge of History, supra note 4, preface at xii.

³² Okafor, Obiora Chinedu and Aginam, Obijiofor, eds., Humanizing Our Global Order: Essays in Honour of Ivan Head (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2003).Google Scholar