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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 November 2022
Each summary is followed by the initials of its author.
1 SC 2018, c 12, s 186. For notes on the Saskatchewan and Ontario appeal decisions, see Gib van Ert, “Canadian Cases in Public International Law in 2019” (2019) 57 CYIL 558 at 568–71, 576–78.
2 References re Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act, 2021 SCC 11 at para 2 [References re GHG Pricing Act].
3 Ibid at paras 7–11.
4 Ibid at para 12.
5 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 9 May 1992, 1771 UNTS 107, Can TS 1994 No 7 (entered into force 21 March 1994). Strangely, the court did not cite to the Canada Treaty Series or the United Nations Treaty Series for this or the other climate change treaties to which it referred. Where available I have added those citations here.
6 Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 11 December 1997, 2303 UNTS 162 (entered into force 16 February 2005) [Kyoto Protocol]. Canada withdrew from the Kyoto Protocol on 15 December 2012.
7 UN Doc FCCC/CP/2009/11/Add.1 (18 December 2009). This instrument is not a treaty and therefore not reported in the Canada Treaty Series or United Nations Treaty Series.
8 Paris Agreement, 22 April 2016, Can TS 2016 No 9 (entered into force 4 November 2016).
9 References re GHG Pricing Act, supra note 2 at para 13.
10 Ibid at paras 14–15.
11 Ibid at para 24.
12 Ibid at para 28.
13 Ibid at para 63.
14 Ibid at para 170.
15 Ibid at para 80.
16 Ibid at para 104, quoting Peter Hogg, Constitutional Law of Canada (Toronto: Thomson Reuters, looseleaf updated 2019) at 261.
17 References re GHG Pricing Act, supra note 2 at para 146.
18 Ibid at para 148.
19 Ibid at para 149.
20 Ibid at para 173.
21 Ibid at para 174.
22 Ibid at paras 182–89.
23 Ibid at para 190.
24 Ibid at para 577.
25 Attorney-General for Canada v Attorney-General for Ontario, [1937] AC 326.
26 References re GHG Pricing Act, supra note 2 at para 578.
27 Re Anti-Inflation Act, [1976] 2 SCR 373 at 423, 427.
28 SC 2010, c 1, s 2 [JVTA].
29 RSC 1985, c S-18.
30 RSC 1985, c C-46.
31 Zarei v Iran, 2021 ONSC 3377 at para 27 [Zarei].
32 23 September 1971, CanTS 1973 No 6 (entered into force 26 January 1973).
33 See Zarei, supra note 31 at para 28.
34 Ibid at para 34.
35 Ibid at paras 38–44.
36 Ibid at para 34, n 12.
37 JVTA, supra note 28, s 4(1)(b).
38 Zarei, supra note 31 at para 29.
39 2012 SCC 69.
40 See Leah West & Michael Nesbitt, “Noble Cause, Terrible Reasoning: Zarei v Iran, 2021 ONSC 337,” Intrepid Podcast, online: <www.intrepidpodcast.com/blog/2021/5/25/noble-cause-terrible-reasoning-zarei-v-iran-2021-onsc-3377>.
41 Zarei, supra note 31 at para 47.
42 Ibid at paras 49–50.
43 Zarei v Iran, 2021 ONSC 8569.
44 SC 2001, c 27.
45 SC 2000, c 24 [Crimes against Humanity and War Crimes Act].
46 2005 SCC 40.
47 17 July 1998, Can TS 2002 No 13 (entered into force 1 July 2002).
48 Crimes against Humanity and War Crimes Act, supra note 45.
49 Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) v Verbanov, 2021 FC 507 at para 22 [Verbanov].
50 Ibid at paras 23, 25.
51 Ibid at para 25.
52 Ibid at paras 6–26.
53 2019 SCC 65 [Vavilov].
54 Verbanov, supra note 49 at para 49.
55 Grenada v Canada (Minister of Justice), 2021 BCCA 275 at paras 69–71 [Grenada].
56 Ibid at paras 36–37.
57 Ibid at para 72; Extradition Act, SC 1999, c 18, s 66.
58 Grenada, supra note 55 at para 73.
59 SO 1993, c 28 [EBR].
60 SO 2020, c 18.
61 EBR, supra note 59, s 15.
62 RSO 1990, c E.18.
63 Greenpeace Canada (2471256 Canada Inc) v Ontario (Minister of the Environment, Conservation and Parks), 2021 ONSC 4521 at paras 48–49 [Greenpeace].
64 16 December 1966, 999 UNTS 171, Can TS 1976 No 47 (entered into force 23 March 1976).
65 Greenpeace, supra note 63 at paras 87–89.
66 Ibid at para 89, citing the Convention on the Rights of the Child, 20 November 1989, 1577 UNTS 3, Can TS 1992 No 3 (entered into force 2 September 1990) [CRC].
67 Greenpeace, supra note 63 at para 91.
68 Ibid at para 92.
69 Ibid at para 93.
70 Vavilov, supra note 53 at para 114.
71 Baker v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), [1999] 2 SCR 817 at para 70.
72 RLRQ c R-8.3.
73 Charte canadienne des droits et libertés, partie I de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1982, constituant l’annexe B de la Loi de 1982 sur le Canada (R-U), 1982, c 11.
74 Code du travail, RLRQ c C-27.
75 Fédération des policiers et policières municipaux du Québec c Procureur général du Québec, 2021 QCCS 4105 au para 132.
76 Ibid au para 133.
77 Ibid au para 139.
78 Ibid au para 140.
79 Ibid.
80 Ibid aux paras 141–43.
81 Ibid au para 144.
82 Ibid au para 145.
83 Pour une explication plus détaillée de ce processus, voir Elisabeth Eid & Hoori Hamboyan, “Implementation by Canada of its International Human Rights Treaty Obligations: Making Sense Out of the Nonsensical” dans Oonagh Fitzgerald, dir, The Globalized Rule of Law: Relationship between International and Domestic Law, Toronto, Irwin Law, 2006, 339; Maurice Copithorne, “National Treaty Law and Practice: Canada” dans Monroe Leigh, Merritt R Blakeslee & L Benjamin Ederington, dir, National Treaty Law and Practice: Canada, Egypt, Israel, Mexico, Russia, South America, Studies in Transnational Legal Policy No 33, Washington, DC, American Society of International Law, 2003, 1.
84 B010 c Canada (Citoyenneté et Immigration), 2015 CSC 58 au para 47.
85 Ibid.
86 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, 28 July 1951, 189 UNTS 150, Can TS 1969 No 6, as amended by the Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees, 31 January 1967, 606 UNTS 267, Can TS 1969 No 29 (entered into force 4 October 1967).
87 18 December 1979, 1249 UNTS 13, Can TS 1982 No 31 (entered into force 3 September 1981).
88 Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) v Algazal, 2021 FC 1212 at paras 28–29 [Algazal].
89 [1998] 1 SCR 982.
90 Algazal, supra note 88 at paras 42–46.
91 Convention between the Government of Canada and the Government of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income and on Capital, 10 September 1999, Can TS 2000 No 22 (entered into force 17 October 2000).
92 RSC 1985, c 1 (5th Supp).
93 Canada v Alta Energy Luxembourg SARL, 2021 SCC 49 at paras 30, 9 [Alta Energy].
94 Ibid at paras 6, 67.
95 Ibid at paras 80–81.
96 Ibid at para 87.
97 23 May 1969, 1155 UNTS 331, Can TS 1980 No 37 (entered into force 27 January 1980).
98 Alta Energy, supra note 93 at para 37.
99 Ibid at para 37 [emphasis in original].
100 Ibid at para 38.
101 Ibid at paras 39–41; see also para 45.
102 Ibid at para 50.
103 Ibid at para 96.
104 SC 2019, c 16.
105 SS v RS, 2021 ONSC 2137 at para 26 [SS]; EMB v MFB, 2021 ONSC 4264 at para 57 [EMB].
108 Canada, Department of Justice, “Legislative Background: An Act to Amend the Divorce Act, the Family Orders and Agreements Enforcement Assistance Act and the Garnishment, Attachment and Pension Diversion Act and to Make Consequential Amendments to Another Act (Bill C-78 in the 42nd Parliament)” (June 2019), online: Government of Canada <www.justice.gc.ca/eng/rp-pr/fl-lf/famil/c78/legislative_background_E.PDF>.
109 Canada, “Canada’s Fifth and Sixth Reports on the Convention on the Rights of the Child”, online: Government of Canada <open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/50a1f207-ef60-4f9a-9d97-9b2bfa45a17a>.
110 EMB, supra note 105 at para 61.
111 Ibid at para 68; SS, supra note 105 at para 36.