We show that a locally compact semigroup S is topological left amenable iff a certain space of left uniformly continuous functions on the convolution semigroup of probability measures M0(S) on S is left amenable or equivalently iff the convolution semigroup M0(S) has the fixed point property for uniformly continuous affine actions on compact convex sets.

It is reasonable to expect that, under suitable conditions, Padé approximants should provide nearly optimal rational approximations to analytic functions in the unit disc. This is shown to be the case for ez in the sense that main diagonal Padé approximants are shown to converge as expeditiously as best uniform approximants. Some more general but less precise related results are discussed.

Nous donnons, dans ce qui suit, la preuve de la proposition suivante.

A well-known theorem of Sarason [11] asserts that if $\left[ {{T}_{f}},\,{{T}_{h}} \right]$ is compact for every $h\,\in \,{{H}^{\infty }}$, then $f\,\in \,{{H}^{\infty }}\,+\,C\left( T \right)$. Using local analysis in the full Toeplitz algebra $T\,=\,T\left( {{L}^{\infty }} \right)$, we show that the membership $f\,\in \,{{H}^{\infty }}\,+\,C\left( T \right)$ can be inferred from the compactness of a much smaller collection of commutators $\left[ {{T}_{f}},\,{{T}_{h}} \right]$. Using this strengthened result and a theorem of Davidson [2], we construct a proper ${{C}^{*}}$-subalgebra $T\left( \mathcal{L} \right)$ of $T$ which has the same essential commutant as that of $T$. Thus the image of $T\left( \mathcal{L} \right)$ in the Calkin algebra does not satisfy the double commutant relation [12], [1]. We will also show that no separable subalgebra $\mathcal{S}$ of $T$ is capable of conferring the membership $f\,\in \,{{H}^{\infty }}\,+\,C\left( T \right)$ through the compactness of the commutators $\left\{ \left[ {{T}_{f,}}\,S \right]\,:\,S\,\in \,\mathcal{S} \right\}$.

Let A be a bounded linear operator on a Hilbert space H. Assume that A is selfadjoint in the indefinite inner product defined by a selfadjoint, bounded, invertible linear operator G on H; [x,y] := (Gx,y). In the first part of the paper we define two orders of neutrality for the pair (G, A) and a connection is made with the "types" of numbers in the point and approximate point spectrum of A. The main results of the paper are in the second part and they deal with strong and uniform definitizability of a bounded selfadjoint operator on a Pontrjagin space. They state:

A) Let A be a bounded strongly definitizable operator on a Pontrjagin space ΠK, then A is uniformly definitizable.

B) A bounded selfadjoint operator A on a Pontrjagin space ΠK is uniformly definitizable if and only if all the eigenvalues of A are of definite type and all the nonisolated eigenvalues of A are of positive type.

Some applications to the theory of linear selfadjoint operator pencils are given.

Let R be a commutative Noetherian ring with identity, and let M be a fixed ideal of R. Then, trivially, ring multiplication is continuous in the ilf-adic topology. Let S be a multiplicative system in R, and let j = js: R → S-1R, be the natural map. One can then ask whether (cf. Warner [3, p. 165]) S-1R is a topological ring in ihe j(M)-adic topology. In Proposition 1, I prove this is the case if and only if M ⊂ p(S), where

Hence S-1R is a topological ring for all S if and only if M ⊂ p*(R), where

A theorem concerning the asymptotic behaviour of partial sums of the coefficients of products of Dirichlet series is proved using properties of regularly varying functions. This theorem is a multiplicative analogue of Schur's Tauberian theorem for power series.

Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the existence of a graph decomposition of the Kneser Graph $K{{G}_{n,2}}$ and of the Generalized Kneser Graph $GK{{G}_{n,3,1}}$ into paths of length three.

Alfred Schild established conditions where Lorentz transformations map world-vectors $\left( ct,\,x,\,y,\,z \right)$ with integer coordinates onto vectors of the same kind. The problem was dealt with in the context of tensor and spinor calculus. Due to Schild’s number-theoretic arguments, the subject is also interesting when isolated from its physical background.

Schild’s paper is not easy to understand. Therefore, we first present a streamlined version of his proof which is based on the use of null vectors. Then we present a purely algebraic proof that is somewhat shorter. Both proofs rely on the properties of Gaussian integers

In the paper we identify up to bordism all manifolds with (Z2)k-action whose fixed point set is Sn × Sm U point.

Let R be an integral domain with $qf(R)=K$ , and let $F(R)$ be the set of nonzero fractional ideals of R. Call R a dually compact domain (DCD) if, for each $I\in F(R)$ , the ideal $I_{v}=(I^{-1})^{-1}$ is a finite intersection of principal fractional ideals. We characterize DCDs and show that the class of DCDs properly contains various classes of integral domains, such as Noetherian, Mori, and Krull domains. In addition, we show that a Schreier DCD is a greatest common divisor (GCD) (Greatest Common Divisor) domain with the property that, for each $A\in F(R)$ , the ideal $A_{v}$ is principal. We show that a domain R is G-Dedekind (i.e., has the property that $A_{v}$ is invertible for each $A\in F(R)$ ) if and only if R is a DCD satisfying the property $\ast :$ For all pairs of subsets $\{a_{1},\ldots ,a_{m}\},\{b_{1},\ldots ,b_{n}\}\subseteq K\backslash \{0\}, (\cap _{i=1}^{m}(a_{i})(\cap _{j=1}^{n}(b_{j}))=\cap _{i,j=1}^{m,n}(a_{i}b_{j})$ . We discuss what the appropriate names for G-Dedekind domains and related notions should be. We also make some observations about how the DCDs behave under localizations and polynomial ring extensions.

We investigate C-sets in almost zero-dimensional spaces, showing that closed $\sigma $ C-sets are C-sets. As corollaries, we prove that every rim- $\sigma $ -compact almost zero-dimensional space is zero-dimensional and that each cohesive almost zero-dimensional space is nowhere rational. To show that these results are sharp, we construct a rim-discrete connected set with an explosion point. We also show that every cohesive almost zero-dimensional subspace of $($ Cantor set $)\!\times \mathbb R$ is nowhere dense.

A short proof is given of a result of Burde giving the parity of the number of quadratic residues (mod p) in the interval (0, p/4), where p ≡ 1(mod 4) is prime.

Greenleaf states the following conjecture in [1, p. 69]. Let G be a (connected, separable) amenable locally compact group with left Haar measure, μ, and let U be a compact symmetric neighbourhood of the unit. Then the sets, {Um}, have the following property: given ɛ > 0 and compact K ⊂ G, ∃ m0 = m0(ɛ, K) such that

Let $f$ be a holomorphic function of the unit disc $\mathbb{D}$ , preserving the origin. According to Schwarz’s Lemma, $\left| {{f}^{\prime }}(0) \right|\,\le \,1$ , provided that $f(\mathbb{D})\,\subset \,\mathbb{D}$ . We prove that this bound still holds, assuming only that $f(\mathbb{D})$ does not contain any closed rectilinear segment $\left[ 0,\,{{e}^{i\phi }} \right],\,\phi \,\in \,\left[ 0,\,2\pi \right]$ , i.e., does not contain any entire radius of the closed unit disc. Furthermore, we apply this result to the hyperbolic density and give a covering theorem.

Much current research is concerned with the fixed points of contractive mappings (mappings which shrink distance in some manner) from a metric space into itself. In this remark we shall point out that most mappings treated in the literature are very special in the sense that all these mappings satisfy a condition which is rather severe: every periodic point must necessarily be a fixed point.

Let λ be a map from the additive Euclidean n-group Rn into the space R of real numbers and define a multiplication * on Rn by v * w = (λ(w))v. Then (Rn, + , *) is a topological nearring if and only if λ is continuous and λ(av) = aλ(v) for every v € Rn and every a in the range of λ. For any such map λ and any topological space X we denote by Nλ(X, Rn) the nearring of all continuous functions from X into (Rn, +, *) where the operations are pointwise. The ideals of Nλ(X, Rn) are investigated in some detail for certain λ and the results obtained are used to prove that two compact Hausdorff spaces X and Y are homeomorphic if and only if the nearrings Nλ(X, Rn) and Nλ(Y, Rn) are isomorphic.

Johnson and Schechtman (2009) characterized superreflexivity in terms of finite diamond graphs. The present author characterized the Radon–Nikodým property (RNP) for dual spaces in terms of the infinite diamond. This paper is devoted to further study of relations between metric characterizations of superreflexivity and the RNP for dual spaces. The main result is that finite subsets of any set $M$ whose embeddability characterizes the RNP for dual spaces, characterize superreflexivity. It is also observed that the converse statement does not hold and that $M\,=\,{{\ell }_{2}}$ is a counterexample.

Let f and g be analytic functions on the open unit disk ${\mathbb D}$ such that $|f|=|g|$ on a set A. We give an alternative proof of the result of Perez that there exists c in the unit circle ${\mathbb T}$ such that $f=cg$ when A is the union of two lines in ${\mathbb D}$ intersecting at an angle that is an irrational multiple of $\pi $, and from this, deduce a sequential generalization of the result. Similarly, the same conclusion is valid when f and g are in the Nevanlinna class and A is the union of the unit circle and an interior circle, tangential or not. We also provide sequential versions of this result and analyze the case $A=r{\mathbb T}$. Finally, we examine the most general situation when there is equality on two distinct circles in the disk, proving a result or counterexample for each possible configuration.

We give an example of a p-convex quasi-Banach space E with 0 < p < 1 such that every bilinear map B: E × E →F into a p-convex quasi-Banach space F is identically zero. This resolves a question of Waelbroeck.