Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T20:34:31.148Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Validation of the Caregiver Abuse Screen (CASE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 November 2010

Myrna Reis  and
Daphne Nahmiash
Myrna Reis
Affiliation:
University Institute of Social Gerontology of Quebec and Concordia University
Daphne Nahmiash
Affiliation:
McGill University
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This study explored the validity of the Caregiver Abuse Screen (CASE) as a brief measure of abuse/neglect of seniors. A group of abusive caregivers from the community was compared with two contrasting groups of non-abusive caregivers. The CASE distinguished between the abusive and each non-abusive group, while the non-abusive groups did not differ from each other. Higher CASE scores coincided with higher scores on abuse/aggression measures from independent sources; with caregiver personality traits; with appraisals of poorer caregiver/care-receiver relationships and more care-receiver problem behaviours, poorer caregiver health, more caregiver depression and less social support. Findings were interpreted as supporting the CASE's validity as an initial abuse screen for use with caregivers.

Résumé

Cette étude visait à déterminer la validité du dépistage de comportements abusifs chez les prestateurs de soins (Caregiver Abuse Screen – CASE) comme un moyen de mesurer le degré d'abus ou de mauvais traitements faits aux personnes âgées. Un groupe de prestateurs de soins abusifs de la communauté a été comparé à deux groupes différents composés de prestateurs de soins non abusifs. Le dépistage a établi une distinction entre le groupe abusif et le groupe non abusif, et aucune distinction n'a été faite entre les deux groupes non abusifs. Les points plus élevés du dépistage coïncidaient avec les points élevés des mesures du degré d'abus et d'agression de sources indépendantes; avec les caractéristiques de personnalité des prestateurs de soins; avec les évaluations des prestateurs de soins démunis; avec les relations entre les prestateurs et les personnes recevant les soins; avec d'autres problèmes de comportement entre les prestateurs et les personnes recevant les soins; avec une santé plus faible chez les prestateurs de soins; avec un plus grand nombre de cas de dépressions; et avec moins de soutien social. Les résultats démontrent que le dépistage est un moyen initial valide pour dépister les comportements abusifs chez les prestateurs de soins.

Keywords

AbuseScreeningValidation.Abusdépistagevalidation.
Type
Articles
Information
Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement , Volume 14 , supplement S2 , Été/Summer 1995 , pp. 45 - 60
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Association on Gerontology 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bendik, M.F. (1992). Reaching the breaking point: Dangers of mistreatment in elder caregiving situations. Journal of Elder Abuse and Neglect, 4(3), 39–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blishen, B.R., & McRoberts, H.A. (1976). A revised socioeconomic index for occupations in Canada. The Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 13, 7–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bristowe, E., & Collins, J. (1989). Family mediated abuse of noninstitutionalized frail elderly men and women in British Columbia. Journal of Elder Abuse and Neglect, 1, 45–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Costa, P.T. Jr, & McCrae, R.R. (1985). The NEO Personality Inventory. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.Google Scholar
Ferguson, D., & Beck, C. (1983). H.A.L.F. — a tool to assess elder abuse within the family. Geriatric Nursing, 4, 301–304.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frazier, L., Hooker, K., & Monahan, D.J. (1992). Personality and coping in caregivers of spouses with Alzheimer's disease. Paper presented at the centennial annual convention of the American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Gilleard, C.J., Belford, M., Gilleard, E., Whittick, J.E., & Gledhill, K. (1984). Emotional distress among the supporters of the elderly mentally infirm. British Journal of Psychiatry, 145, 172–177.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gold, D.P., Cohen, C., Shulman, K., Zucchero, C., Andres, D., & Etezadi, J. (in press). Caregiving and dementia: Predicting negative and positive outcomes for caregivers. International Journal of Aging in Human Development.Google Scholar
Goldberg, D.P. (1978). Manual of the General Health Questionnaire. Windsor, ON: Nelson Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Hamel, M., Gold, P.D., Andres, D., Reis, M., Dastoor, D., Grauer, H., & Bergman, H. (1990). Predictors and consequences of aggressive behaviour by community-based dementia patients. The Gerontological Society of America, 30(2), 206–211.Google ScholarPubMed
Homer, A.C., & Gilleard, C.J. (1994). The effect of inpatient respite care on elderly patients and their carers. Age-Ageing, 23(4), 274–276.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hooker, K., Frazier, L.D., & Monahan, D.J. (1994). Personality and coping among caregivers of spouses with dementia. The Gerontologist, 34(3), 386–392.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hull, J.G., van Treuren, R.R., & Virnelli, A. (1987). Hardiness and health: A critique and alternative approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53(3), 518–530.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, D. (1981). Abuse of the elderly. Nurse Practitioner. Jan.-Feb., 29–34.Google ScholarPubMed
Kobasa, S.C. (1979). Personality and resistance to illness. American Journal of Community Psychology, 7(4), 413–423.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kozma, A., & Stones, M.J. (1980). The measurement of happiness: Development of the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness (MUNSH). Journal of Gerontology, 35(6), 906–912.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kozma, A., & Stones, M.J. (1995). Issues in the measurement of elder abuse. In MacLean, M. (Ed.), Abuse and neglect of older Canadians: Strategies for change. Toronto, ON: Thompson Educational Publishing.Google Scholar
Lachs, M.S., Berkman, L., Fulmer, T., & Horwitz, R.I. (1994). A prospective community-based pilot study of risk factors for the investigation of elder mistreatment. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 42, 169–173.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Litvin, S.J. (1992). Status transitions and future outlook as determinants of conflict: The caregiver's and care-receiver's perspective. The Gerontologist, 32, 68–76.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
National Advisory Council on Aging. (1991). To have the last word. Expression, 7(1), 1–2.Google Scholar
Neale, A.V., Hwalek, M.A., Scott, R.O., Sengstock, M.C., & Stahl, C. (1991). Validation of the Hwalek-Sengstock elder abuse screening test. The Journal of Applied Gerontology, 10(4), 406–418.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nunnally, J.C. Jr, (1959). Test and measurements. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company.Google Scholar
Ouellette, S.C. (1994). Inquiries into Hardiness. In Goldberger, L. & Breznitz, S. (Ed.), Handbook of stress: Theoretical and clinical aspects (2nd ed.) (pp. 77–100). New York, NY: The Free Press.Google Scholar
Paveza, G.J., Cohen, D., Eisdorfer, C., Freels, S., Semla, T., Ashford, W.J., Gorelick, P., Hirschman, R., Luchins, D., & Levy, P. (1992). Severe family violence and alzheimer's disease: Prevalence and risk factors. The Gerontologist, 32, 493–497.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Phillips, L.R. (1983). Abuse and neglect of the frail elderly at home: An exploration of theoretical relationships. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 8, 379–392.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pillemer, K., & Finkelhor, D. (1989). Causes of elder abuse: Caregiver stress versus problem relatives. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatric, 59(2), 179–187.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pillemer, K., & Suitor, J.J. (1992). Violence and violent feelings: What causes them among family caregivers? Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 47(4), S165–S172.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pillemer, K., & Wolf, R.S. (1992). Domestic violence against the elderly: Who depends on whom? What difference does it make? In Gelles, R. & Loeseke, D. (Eds.), Controversies in Family Violence. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Podnieks, E., & Pillemer, K. (1990). National Survey on Abuse of the Elderly in Canada. Toronto: Ryerson Polytechnical Institute.Google Scholar
Reis, M., & Nahmiash, D. (in press). When seniors are abused: A guide to intervention. North York, ON: Captus Press Inc.Google Scholar
Reis, M., Nahmiash, D., Shrier, R., & Senneville, . (1993). A Brief Abuse Screen for the Elderly (BASE): Its validity and use. Paper presented at the 22nd Annual Scientific & Educational Meeting of the Canadian Association on Gerontology, Montreal.Google Scholar
Ryden, M. (1988a). Aggression behaviour in persons with dementia living in the community. The Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders: International Journal, 2(4), 342–355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ryden, M.B. (1988b). Aggressive behaviour in cognitively impaired nursing home residents. Paper presented at the Annual Scientific Meeting of the Gerontological Society of America, San Francisco.Google Scholar
Sarason, I.G., Levine, H.M., Basham, R.B., & Sarason, B.R. (1983). Assessing social support: The social support questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 127–139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sengstock, M.C., & Hwalek, M. (1987). A review and analysis of measures for the identification of elder abuse. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 10(3/4), 21–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spencer, C. (1995). New directions for research on interventions with abused older adults. In MacLean, M.J. (Ed.), Abuse and neglect of all the Canadians: Strategies for change (pp. 143–158). Toronto, ON: Thompson Educational Inc.Google Scholar
Stones, M.J., & Kozma, A. (1989). Happiness and activities in later life: A propensity formulation. Canadian Psychology, 30(3), 526–537.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Straus, M.A., & Gelles, R.J. (Eds.). (1990). Physical Violence in American Families. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.Google Scholar
Straus, M.A., Gelles, R.J., & Steinmetz, S.K. (1980). Behind Closed Doors: Violence in the American Family. Garden City, NY: Anchor.Google Scholar
Tomita, S.K. (1990). The denial of elder mistreatment by victims and abusers: The application of neutralization theory. Violence and Victims, 5(3), 171–184.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilkins, R. (1987). Dossier population: compilations du recensements de 1981 par CLSC et DCS, région 6A. Montreal, Regroupement des départements de santé communautaire du Montréal métropolitain.Google Scholar
Wolf, R.S. (1988). Elder abuse: Ten years later. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 36(8), 758–762.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zarit, J.M. (1983). Predictors of burden and distress for caregivers of senile dementia patients. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Southern California). Dissertations Abstracts International, 43, 892.Google Scholar
Zarit, S.H., Orr, N.K., & Zarit, J.M. (1985). The Hidden Victims of Alzheimer's Disease. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar