Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-4rdrl Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-05T22:31:06.609Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Self-Help, Mutual Aid, and Support Groups Among Older Adults

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 November 2010

Benjamin H. Gottlieb
Affiliation:
University of Guelph

Abstract

This review of the literature on the subject of health-related self-help and support groups for older adults begins by defining these two small group helping arrangements, and proceeds with a discussion of the extent of their utilization by older adults, barriers to participation, and ways of tailoring the groups to the needs and circumstances of older adults. The process and outcomes of these groups are also reviewed, and recommendations are offered regarding future research directions and ways of optimizing both the appeal and impact of these two types of mutual aid groups.

Resume

Cette revue de la documentation sur les soins personnels et les groupes de soutien dans le domaine de la santé chez les personnes âgées débute par la définition de ces deux approches et enchaîne avec une discussion de l'étendue de leur utilisation par les personnes âgées, les obstacles à la participation, et les façons d'adapter les groupes selon les besoins et les circonstances des personnes âgées. L'auteur examine également le fonctionnement des groupes et les résultats obtenus et recommande des avenues de recherche future et des façons d'optimiser à la fois l'attrait et l'efficacité de ces deux types de groupes d'assistance mutuelle.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Association on Gerontology 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Borkman, T. (1976). Experiential knowledge: A new concept for the analysis of self-help groups. Social Service Review, 50, 445455.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borkman, T. (1982). Where are older persons in mutual self-help groups? In Kolker-Aliza, A. & Ahmed, P. (Eds.), Aging (pp. 257284). New York: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Caplan, G., & Killilea, M. (Eds.), (1976). Support systems and mutual help. New York: Grune & Stratton.Google Scholar
Caserta, M.S., & Lund, D. (1993). Intrapersonal resources and the effectiveness of self-help groups for bereaved older adults. Gerontologist, 33, 619629.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cherry, D., Benest, F., Gates, B., & White, J. (1985). Intergenerational service programs: Meeting shared needs of young and old. Gerontologist, 25, 126129.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Collins, A.H. (1973). Natural delivery systems: Accessible sources of power for mental health. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 43, 4652.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Collins, R.L. (1996). For better or worse: The impact of upward social comparison on self-evaluations. Psychological Bulletin, 119, 5169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gartner, A., & Reissman, F. (1977). Self-help in the human services. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Gartner, A., & Reissman, F. (1979). Mental health and the self-help revolution (1979). New York: Human Sciences Press.Google Scholar
Gilden, J.L., Hendryx, M.S., Clar, S., Casia, C., & Singh, S.P. (1992). Diabetes support groups improve health care of older diabetic patients. Journal of American Geriatrics Society, 20, 147150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodman, C., & Pynoos, J. (1990). A model telephone information and support program for caregivers of Alzheimer's patients. The Gerontologist, 30, 399404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gottlieb, B.H. (1976). Lay influences on the utilization and provision of health services: A review. Canadian Psychological Review, 17, 126136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gottlieb, B.H. (1988). Support interventions: A typology and agenda for research. In Duck, S. (Ed.), Handbook of personal relationships: Theory, research and interventions (pp. 519542). Chichester, England: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Gottlieb, B.H. (1998). Support groups. In Friedman, H.S. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of mental health (pp. 635648). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Gottlieb, B.H. (in press). Selecting and planning support interventions. In Cohen, S., Underwood, L., & Gottlieb, B. (Eds.), Social support measurement and interventions: A guide for health and social scientists. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Gottlieb, B.H., & Peters, L. (1991). A national demographic portrait of mutual aid group participants in Canada. American Journal of Community Psychology, 19, 651666.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gross, A.E., & McMullin, P.A. (1983). Models of the help-seeking process. In DePaulo, B.M., Nadler, A., & Fisher, J.D. (Eds.), New directions in helping (Vol. 2), (pp. 6883). New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Haber, D. (1984). Church-based mutual help groups for caregivers of non-institutionalized elders. Journal-of-Religion-and-Aging, 1(1), 6369.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Health and Welfare Canada. (1993). Seniors independence program: Today's projects – enhancing the future. Ottawa, ON.Google Scholar
Helgeson, V., & Gottlieb, B.H. (in press). Support groups. In Cohen, S., Gordon, L., & Gottlieb, B.H. (Ed.), Social support measurement and interventions: A guide for health arid social scientists. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Humphreys, K., & Noke, J.M. (1997). The influence of posttreatment mutual help group participation on the friendship networks of substance abuse patients. American Journal of Community Psychology, 25, 116.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Katz, A.H., & Bender, E.I. (Eds.) (1976). The strength in us. New York: New Viewpoints.Google Scholar
Kessler, R.C., Mickelson, K.D., & Zhao, S. (1997). Patterns and correlates of self-help group membership in the United States. Social Policy, 27, 2746.Google Scholar
Kingree, J.B., & Ruback, R.B. (1994). Understanding self-help groups. In Powell, T. (Ed.), Understanding the self-help organization: Frameworks and findings. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Kyrouz, E.M., & Humphreys, K. (1998). A review of research on the effectiveness of self-help mutual aid groups. Mental Health Net, http://www.cmhc.com/articles/selfres.htm.Google Scholar
Lakin, M., Bremer, J., & Oppenheimer, B. (1981). Content analysis of helping group interactions: Towards a developmental perspective. Experimental Aging Research, 3, 343352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lakin, M., Bremer, J., & Oppenheimer, B. (1985). Group processes in helping groups. Small Group Behavior, 4, 447461.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lavoie, J-P. (1995). Support groups for informal caregivers don't work! Refocus the groups or the evaluations? Canadian Journal on Aging, 14, 580595.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lidoff, L., & Abbott, S. (1983). Promoting self-help efforts in food production and distribution. In Program innovations in aging, Vol. 5. Washington, DC: National Council on the Aging.Google Scholar
Lieberman, M.A. (1990). Mutual-aid groups: An underutilized resource among the elderly. In Lawton, M.P. (Ed). Annual review of gerontology and geriatrics, vol. 9, pp. 285320. New York: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lieberman, M., & Borman, L. (1979) Self-help groups for coping with crises. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Lieberman, M.A., & Videka-Sherman, L. (1986). The impact of self-help groups on the mental health of widows and widowers. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 56(3), 435449.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marmar, C.R., Horowitz, M.J., Weiss, D.S., Wilner, N.R., & Kaltreider, N.B. (1988). A controlled trial of brief psychotherapy and mutual-help group treatment of conjugal bereavement. American Journal of Psychiatry, 145, 203209.Google ScholarPubMed
Mellinger, G., & Balter, M. (1983). Collaborative project (GMIRSB Report). Washington, DC: National Institute of Mental Health.Google Scholar
Midwinter, E. (1984). Mutual aid universities. Radical forum on adult education. Dover, NH: Croom Helm.Google Scholar
Mittelman, M.S., Ferris, S.H., Shulman, E., Steinberg, G., Ambinder, A., Mackell, J.A., & Cohen, J. (1995). A comprehensive support program: Effect on depression in spouse-caregivers of AD patients. Gerontologist, 35, 792802.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morrow-Howell, N., & Mui, A. (1989). Elderly volunteers: reasons for initiating and terminating service. Journal-of-Gerontological-Social-Work, 13, 2134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morrow-Howell, N., & Ozawa, M.N. (1987). Helping network: seniors to seniors. Gerontologist, 27, 1720.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Powell, T.J. (1994). Self-help research and policy issues. In Powell, T.J. (Ed.), Understanding the self-help organization (pp. 119). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Ritchie, J., Stewart, M., Thompson, D., Ellerton, M-K., Sullivan, M., & Salisbury, S. (in press). Parents of children with chronic conditions: Fostering competence through telephone support groups. In Stewart, M. (Ed.), Chronic conditions and caregiving: Does support help? Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
Sheehan, N.W., Wilson, R., & Marella, L.M. (1988). Role of the church in providing services for the aging. Journal-of-Applied-Gerontology, 7, 231241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silverman, P.R. (1986). Widow to widow. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Spiegel, D., Bloom, J.R., Kraemer, H.C., & Gottheil, E. (1989). Effect of psychosocial treatment on survival of patients with metastatic breast cancer. The Lancet, 2, 888891.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stewart, M., Banks, S., Crossman, D., & Poel, D. (1994). Partnerships between health professionals and self-help groups: Meanings and mechanisms. Prevention in Human Services, 11, 199240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stewart, M., Banks, S., Crossman, D., & Poel, D. (1995). Health professionals' perceptions of partnership with self-help groups. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 86, 340344.Google ScholarPubMed
Stewart, M., Hart, G., & Mann, K. (in press). Overcoming loneliness of hemophiliacs with AIDS and their caregivers through telephone support. In Stewart, M. (Ed.), Chronic conditions and caregiving: Does support help? Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
Stewart, M., Lavoie, F., & Rootman, I. (1998). Self-help/mutual aid for seniors and their family caregivers. Halifax, NS: Atlantic Health Promotion Research Centre, Dalhousie University (SIRP, 1998).Google Scholar
Toseland, R.W., & Rossiter, C.M. (1989). Group interventions to support family caregivers: A review and analysis. Gerontologist, 29, 438448.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilner, M., & Witkin, J. (1980). Shared living for elders: A viable alternative. Challenge-Washington, 11, 511.Google Scholar
Wister, A., Gutman, G., & Mitchell, B.A. (1998). Final report of the Vancouver North Shore self-care study: Seniors' independence through self-care, self-help and mutual aid. Burnaby, BC: Gerontology Research Centre, Simon Fraser University.Google Scholar