Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T07:51:46.431Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

À mots couverts: le regard des aînés et des soignants sur la communication quotidienne et ses manifestations d’âgisme implicite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 May 2011

Martine Lagacé ,
Fouad Medouar ,
Joséphine Loock  and
André Davignon
Martine Lagacé*
Affiliation:
Université d’Ottawa Observatoire vieillissement et société, Montréal Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal
Fouad Medouar
Affiliation:
Observatoire vieillissement et société, Montréal
Joséphine Loock
Affiliation:
Observatoire vieillissement et société, Montréal
André Davignon
Affiliation:
Observatoire vieillissement et société, Montréal
*
*La correspondance et les demandes de tirés-à-part doivent être adressées à: Correspondence and requests for offprints should be sent to : Martine Lagacé, Ph.D. Département de communication de l’Université d’Ottawa 558 King Edward, pièce 203 Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5 ([email protected])
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The aim of this exploratory study was to better understand interpersonal communication between frail elders and caregivers in the context of long-term care giving. In addition, in light of the Communication Accommodation Theory, the goal was to determine the extent to which communication can be a transmitter of ageism, particularly of implicit ageism. A total of 26 semi-structured interviews were conducted among elders and caregivers of a Quebec long-term care facility. Results suggest a close convergence between the perception of seniors and caregivers in regards to a quasi total absence of daily communication and moreover, in regards to the highly instrumental nature of this same communication. Finally, results of the content analysis also suggest that implicit ageism is indeed reflected in interpersonal communication between frail elders and caregivers.

Résumé

Cette étude exploratoire avait pour but l’étude de la communication interpersonnelle entre aînés en perte d’autonomie physique et soignants, dans un contexte d’hébergement de longue durée. En outre, il s’agissait de déterminer jusqu’à quel point la communication peut constituer un vecteur d’âgisme, particulièrement d’âgisme implicite et ce, sur la base des postulats de la théorie de l’accommodation de la communication. Pour ce faire, 26 entretiens semi-dirigés ont été menés auprès d’aînés et de soignants d’un centre québécois d’hébergement de longue durée. Les résultats suggèrent une étroite convergence entre les propos des aînés et des soignants quant à la quasi-absence de communication quotidienne et surtout quant à la nature fortement instrumentale de cette dernière. En outre, les analyses de contenu des entretiens semi-dirigées suggèrent également que l’âgisme implicite semble bel et bien teinter la communication interpersonnelle dans un contexte de soins quotidiens.

Keywords

âgisme impliciteâgisme expliciteaînés en perte d’autonomiesoignantsthéorie de l’accommodation de la communicationimplicit ageismexplicit ageismfrail elderscaregiversCommunication Accommodation Theory
Type
Articles
Information
Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement , Volume 30 , Issue 2 , June 2011 , pp. 185 - 196
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Association on Gerontology 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bibliographie

Balsis, S., & Carpenter, B.D. (2005). Evaluations of elderspeak in a caregiving context. Clinical Gerontologist, 29, 79–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berg, B.L. (2004). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences. Boston, MA: Pearson Education Inc.Google Scholar
Blondeau, D. (2008). La différence: Condition of exclusion or of reconnaissance? Nursing Philosophy, 10, 34–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonneville, L., Grosjean, S., & Lagacé, M. (2007). Introduction aux méthodes de recherche en communication. Montréal, Quebec, Canada: Gaëtan Morin éditeur, Chenelière Éducation.Google Scholar
Boudjemad, V., & Gana, K. (2009). L’âgisme: Adaptation française d’une mesure et test d’un modèle structural des effets de l’empathie, l’orientation à la dominance sociale et le dogmatisme sur l’âgisme. La Revue canadienne du vieillissement, 28(4), 371–389.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brandburg, G.L. (2007). Making the transition to nursing home life: A framework to help older adults adapt to the long-term care environment. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 33(6), 50–56.Google Scholar
Butler, R.N. (1969). Age-ism; another Another form of bigotry. The Gerontologist, 9, 243–246.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caporael, L.R. (1981). The paralanguage of caregiving: Baby talk to the institutionalized aged. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 40, 876–884.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caporael, L.R., Lukaszewski, M.P., & Culbertson, G.H. (1983). Secondary baby talk: Judgments by institutionalized elderly and their caregivers. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 44, 746–754.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cartensen, L.L. (1992). Motivation for social contact across the life span: A theory of socioemotional selectivity. Symposium on Motivation, 40, 209–254.Google Scholar
Charpentier, M., & Soulières, M. (2007). Vieillir en milieu d’hébergement. Le regard des résidents. Québec, Canada: Presses de l’Université du Québec.Google Scholar
Crocker, J., Blaine, B., & Luhtanen, R. (1993). Prejudice, intergroup behaviour and self-esteem: Enhancement and protection motives. In Hogg, M.A., & Abrams, D. (Eds.), Group motivation: Social psychological perspective (pp. 52–67). New York: Harvester-Wheat.Google Scholar
Deshotels, T.H. (2004). Engaging a debate: Exploration of depression, engagement, stress and gender in the nursing home. Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Dissertation Services, ProQuest Information and Learning.Google Scholar
Draper, P. (2005). Patronizing speech to older patients: A literature review. Reviews in Clinical Gerontology, 15(3–4), 273–279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dreher, D.D., Eckert, J.K., Rubinstein, B., Keimig, L., Clark, L., Frankowski, A.C., et al. . (2008). Ethnographic study of stigma and ageism in residential care or assisted living. The Gerontologist, 48(4), 517–526.Google Scholar
Dolinsky, E.H., & Dolinsky, H.B. (1984). Infantilization of elderly patients by health care providers, Special Care in Dentistry, 4(4), 150–153.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fiske, S.T. (2008). Psychologie sociale. Bruxelles, Belgium: De Boeck.Google Scholar
Giles, H., Coupland, N., & Coupland, J. (1991). Context of accommodation: Development of applied linguistics. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hummert, M.L., Garstka, T.A., Ryan, E.B., & Bonnesen, J.L. (2004). The role of age stereotypes in interpersonal communication. In Nussbaum, J.F., & Coupland, J. (Eds.), Handbook of communication and aging research (pp. 91–114). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.Google Scholar
Kart, C.S., Metress, E.K., & Metress, S.P. (1988). Aging, health, and society. Ohio: Jones & Bartlett Publishers.Google Scholar
Lagacé, M. (2010). Collectif: L’Âgisme Comprendre et changer le regard social sur le vieillissement. Québec, Canada: Presses de l’université Laval.Google Scholar
Lagacé, M., Tougas, F., Laplante, J., & Neveu, J.-F. (2008). Les répercussions de la communication âgiste sur le désengagement psychologique et l’estime de soi des infirmiers de 45 ans et plus. Revue canadienne du vieillissement, 27(3), 285–299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lanceley, A. (1985). Use of controlling language in the rehabilitation of the elderly, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 10(2), 125–135.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Laplante, J., Tougas, F., Lagacé, M., & Lortie-Lussier, M. (2009). Infantilisées et contrôlées: le sort des travailleuses d’expérience? Vie et vieillissement, 7(2), 15–22.Google Scholar
Levy, B.R., & Banaji, M.R. (2002). Implicit ageism. Dans Nelson, T.D. (Ed.), Ageism stereotyping and prejudice against older persons (pp. 49–75). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCann, R., & Giles, H. (2002). Communication with people of different ages in the workplace: Thai and American data. Human Communication, 32, 74–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miles, M.B., & Huberman, A.M. (2003). Analyse des données qualitatives (traduction de la 2ième édition américaine par Martine Rispal). Paris, France: De Boeck.Google Scholar
O’Connor, B.P., & Rigby, H. (1996). Perceptions of baby talk, frequency of receiving baby talk, and self-esteem among community and nursing home residents. Psychology & Aging, 11, 147–154.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Palmore, E.B. (2004). Research note: Ageism in Canada and the United States. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 19, 41–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Renzenbrink, I. (2004). Home is where the heart is: Relocation in later years. Illness, Crisis & Loss, 12(1), 63–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richard, C., & Lussier, M.-T. (2005). Une approche dialogique de la consultation. Dans Richard, C., & Lussier, M.-T. (Ed.), La communication professionnelle en santé (pp. 12–34). Saint-Laurent, Québec, Canada: Éditions du Renouveau pédagogique inc.Google Scholar
Rioux, L. (2008). L’entrée en maison de retraite: Étude de l’adaptation spatio-territoriale des résidents. Pratiques psychologiques, 14(1), 89–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruscher, J.B. (2001). Prejudiced communication: A social psychological perspective. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Ryan, E.B., Giles, H., Bartolucci, G., & Henwood, K. (1986). Psycholinguistic and social psychological components of communication by and with the elderly. Language & Communication, 6, 1–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ryan, E.B., Kennaley, D.E., Pratt, M.W., & Shumovich, M.A. (2000). Evaluations by staff, residents, and community seniors of patronizing speech in the nursing home: Impact of passive, assertive, or humorous responses. Psychology & Aging, 15(2), 272–285.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ryan, E.B., Meredith, S.D., MacLean, M.J., & Orange, J.B. (1995). Changing the way we talk with elders: Promoting health using the communication enhancement model. International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 41(2), 69–107.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ryff, C.D. (1991). Possible selves in adulthood and old age: A tale of shifting horizons. Psychology & Aging, 6, 286–295.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
St-Arnaud, Y. (2003). L’interaction professionnelle: Efficacité et coopération (2ième édition revue et augmentée ed.). Montréal: Les Presses de l’Université de Montréal.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, K.N. (2004). Elderspeak: Impact on geriatric care. Geriatrics & Aging, 7(1), 57–60.Google Scholar
Williams, K.N. (2006). Improving outcomes of nursing home interactions. Research in Nursing & Health, 29(2), 121–133.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Williams, A., & Giles, H. (1998). Communication of ageism. Dans, Hecht, M.L. (Ed.), Communicating prejudice (pp. 136–160). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, A., Giles, H., Coupland, N., Dalby, M., & Manasse, H. (1990). The communicative contexts of elderly social support and health: A theoretical model. Health Communication, 2, 123–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, A., & Nussbaum, J.F. (2000). Intergenerational communication across the life span. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Woolhead, G., Tadd, W., Boix-Ferrer, J.A., Krajcik, S., Schmid-Pfahler, B., Spjuth, B., et al. . (2006). «Tu» ou «Vous?» A European qualitative study of dignity and communication with older people in health and social care settings. Patient Education & Counseling, 61, 363–371.CrossRefGoogle Scholar