Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T21:42:22.808Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Conceptual and Methodological Issues in Research on Aging in Rural Versus Urban Environments

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 November 2010

Anne Martin Matthews
Affiliation:
University of Guelph
Audrey Vanden Heuvel
Affiliation:
University of Guelph

Abstract

This paper examines three conceptual and methodological problems characteristic of research on patterns of aging in rural versus urban environments. These are: lack of consistency and clarity in definitions of rurality and in the application of those definitions; inconsistency in the way in which rural-urban comparisons are made and representative communities selected; and problems arising from inattention to the issue of duration of residential experience. Our analyses show how these problems also characterize the emerging body of Canadian research on aging in rural environments.

Résumé

Dans le présent article nous examinons trois problèmes conceptuels et méthodologiques concernant la recherche sur les modes de vieillissement dans les milieux ruraux par opposition aux milieux urbains. Ce sont l'absence de conséquence et de clarté qui caractérise les diverses définitions de la ruralité ainsi que l'application de ces définitions, l'absence de conséquence dans le choix et la comparaison des communautés retenues; les problèmes résultant du peu d'attention accordé à la durée du séjour. Nos analyses démontrent que ces problèmes sont caractéristiques de l'ensemble des recherches sur le vieillissement en milieu rural qui commencent à prendre corps au Canada.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Association on Gerontology 1986

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Adams, D. 1975. Who are the rural aged. In Atchley, R. C. (ed.), Rural Environments and Aging. Washington, D.C.: Gerontological Society of America, 1121.Google Scholar
Ansello, E. 1980. Special considerations in rural aging. Educational Gerontology: 343354.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arling, G. 1976. Resistance to isolation among elderly widows. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 71: 6786.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Armstrong, M. B. and Fuller, A. M. 1979. Profile of the Transportation Disadvantaged in a Rural Area of South Western Ontario. Urban Transportation Research Branch, Transport Canada.Google Scholar
Bond, John B. Jr, and Harvey, Carol D. H. 1984. Perceptions of intergenerational support between elderly parents and middle aged offspring. Paper presented at the 13th Annual Scientific and Educational meeting of the Canadian Association on Gerontology, Vancouver, B. C., November 1–4.Google Scholar
Bond, John B. Jr, and Harvey, Carol D. H. 1985. Familial support of the elderly in a rural Mennonite community. Paper presented at the XIIIth meeting of the International Association of Gerontology, New York, N.Y., July 12–17.Google Scholar
Bourg, C. J. 1975. Differentiation, centrality and solidarity in rural environments. In Atchley, R. C. (ed.), Rural Environments and Aging. Washington, D.C.: Gerontological Society of America, 235257.Google Scholar
Braaten, Cheryl 1981. Project C.U.R.E.: comparison of the urban and rural elderly. Prince Albert, Sask., Prince Albert Cooperative Health Centre, 33 pp.Google Scholar
Brown, Kathleen H. and Martin Matthews, Anne 1981. Changes in the welfare of the recently retired: Rural-urban comparisons. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Rural Sociological Society, Guelph, August 19–23.Google Scholar
Bultena, G. 1969. Rural-urban differences in the family interaction of the aged. Rural Sociology, 34 1: 515.Google Scholar
Cape, Elizabeth 1981a. The changing face of rural life and the consequences for the elderly. Paper presented at the annual meetings of the Rural Sociological Society, Guelph, August, 19–23Google Scholar
Cape, Elizabeth. 1981b. Health beliefs and practices of the rural elderly. Paper presented at the joint meetings of the Canadian Association on Gerontology and the Gerontological Society of America, Toronto, November.Google Scholar
Cape, Elizabeth 1982. Aging women in rural society: Out of sight and out of mind. Resources for Feminist Research, 11 2: 214215.Google Scholar
Cape, Elizabeth 1984a. The distaff side of retiring to the country. Paper presented at the annual meetings of the Canadian Sociology and Anthropology Association, Guelph, June.Google Scholar
Cape, Elizabeth 1984b. Aging rural women. Paper presented at the annual meetings of the Canadian Association on Gerontology, Vancouver, November.Google Scholar
Coates, Gary J. 1981. Rebuilding Rural America: Toward an Appropriate Technology Policy for the Rural Elderly. Paper presented for the Proceedings of the National Research Conference on Technology and Aging, Racine, Wisconsin, August.Google Scholar
Corin, Ellen 1984a. Entre les services professionnels et les reseaux sociaux: les strategies d'existence des personnes agées. Sociologie et Sociétés, XVI October: 89104.Google Scholar
Corin, Ellen 1984b. Manieres de vivre, manieres de dire: reseau social et sociabilitiée quotidienne des personnes au Québec. Questions de Culture, 6, 157186.Google Scholar
Coward, R. T. and Kerckhoff, R. K. 1978. The Rural Elderly: Program Planning Guidelines. Iowa State University of Science and Technology, North Central Regional Center for Rural Development.Google Scholar
Coward, R. T. 1980. Research-based programs for the rural elderly. In Lassey, W. R., Lassey, M. L., Lee, G. R. and Lee, N. (eds.), Research and Public Service with the Rural Elderly. Oregon State University: Western Rural Development Centre Publication No. 4, 3956.Google Scholar
Donnenwerth, G. B., Guy, R. F. and Norvell, M. J. 1978. Life satisfaction among older persons: rural-urban and racial comparisons. Social Science Quarterly, 59, 578583.Google Scholar
Fengler, A. P. and Danigelis, N. 1982. Residence, the elderly widow, and life satisfaction. Research on Aging, 4 1: 113135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grant, Peter R. 1983. Creating a feasible transportation system for rural areas: reflections on a symposium. Canadian Journal on Aging, 2 1: 3035.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grant, Peter R. and Rice, Bruce 1983. Transportation problems of the rural elderly: a needs assessment. Canadian Journal on Aging 2 3: 107124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harbert, A. and Wilkinson, C. 1979. Growing old in rural America. Aging, 291, 3640.Google Scholar
Health and Welfare Canada 1983. Fact Book on Aging in Canada. Ottawa: Ministry of Supply and Services.Google Scholar
Hodge, Gerald 1984. Assisted housing for the small town elderly: Reflections on the outcome of social housing policy. Paper presented to the Symposium on Ethics and Aging, University of British Columbia, August 16–19.Google Scholar
Hynson, G. 1975. Rural-urban differences in satisfaction among the elderly. Rural Sociology, 40 1: 6467.Google Scholar
Keating, Norah and Marshall, Judith [1980]. The process of retirement The rural self-employed. The Gerontologist, 20 4: 437443.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kivett, Vira 1978. Loneliness and the rural widow. The Family Co-ordinator, 27, 389394.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kivett, Vira 1979. Discriminators of loneliness among the rural elderly. The Gerontologist, 19 1: 108115.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kivett, Vira R. and Scott, Jean P. 1979. The Rural By-Passed Elderly: Perspectives on Status and Needs. Tech. Bul. No. 260, Greensboro, North Carolina: The University of North Carolina at Greensboro.Google Scholar
Kivett, V. R. and Learner, R. M. 1980. Perspectives on the childless rural elderly. The Gerontologist, 20 6: 708716.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krout, John A. 1983. Correlates of service utilization among the rural elderly. The Gerontologist, 23 5: 500504.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lassey, W. R., Lassey, M. L., Lee, G. R., Lee, N. eds., 1980. Research and Public Service with the Rural Elderly: Proceedings of a Conference. Corvallis, Oregon: Western Rural Development Center, Oregon State University, Publication No. 4.Google Scholar
Marshall, V. W. 1977. Bibliography of the Rural Aged. Department of Sociology, McMaster University, unpublished manuscript.Google Scholar
Marshall, V. W. 1980. Aging in Canada: Social Perspectives. Toronto: Fitzhenry and Whiteside.Google Scholar
Martindale, D. 1960. The Nature and Types of Sociological Theory. Cambridge: Riverside Press.Google Scholar
McGhee, Jerrie L. 1983. Transportation opportunity and the rural elderly: A comparison of objective and subjective indicators. The Gerontologist, 23 5: 505511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, M. K. and Luloff, A. E. 1981. Who is rural? A typological approach to the examination of rurality. Rural Sociology, 46 4: 608625.Google Scholar
Ontario Advisory Council on Senior Citizens 1980. Toward an Understanding of the Rural Elderly. Toronto: Queen's Printer.Google Scholar
Ontario Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing 1983. Towards Community Planning for an Aging Society. Toronto: Queen's Printer.Google Scholar
Philblad, C. T. 1975. Culture, lifestyle and social environment of the small town. In Atchley, R. C. ed., Rural Environments and Aging. Washington, D.C.: Gerontological Society of America, 4762.Google Scholar
Roberto, K. A. and Scott, J. P. 1983. Between friends: Patterns of social involvement and mutual assistance of the rural elderly. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Gerontological Society of America, San Francisco, November.Google Scholar
Ryan, Nancy 1985. Rural Aging in Canada: An Annotated Bibliography. Guelph: University of Guelph Gerontology Research Centre.Google Scholar
Sauer, W., Shehan, C. and Baymel, C. 1976. Rural-urban differences in satisfaction among the elderly: A reconsideration. Rural Sociology, 41, 269275.Google Scholar
Schooler, K. 1975. A comparison of rural and non-rural elderly on selected variables. In Atchley, R. C. ed., Rural Environments and Aging. Washington, D.C.: Gerontological Society of America, 2742.Google Scholar
Shapiro, E. and Roos, L. L. [1984]. Using health care: Rural/urban differences among the Manitoba elderly. The Gerontologist, 24 3: 270274.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stafford, James 1982. Elderly movers and stayers in isolated towns. Paper presented at the Annual Meetings of the Population Association of America, San Diego, Calif., April 29-May 1.Google Scholar
Strain, Laurel A. and Chappell, Neena L. 1983. Rural-urban differences among adult day care participants in Manitoba, Canadian Journal on Aging, 2 4: 197209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Usui, W., Lei, T. and Butler, E. 1977. Patterns of social participation of rural-urban migrants to an urban area. Sociology and Social Research, 61, 337349.Google Scholar
Wallace, Jim 1977. Transportation of the Elderly and Handicapped in Rural Areas—The Manitoba Experience. Manitoba Department of Highways and Transportation.Google Scholar
Wenger, G. C. 1982. Aging in rural communities: family contacts and community integration. Ageing and Society, 2 2: 211229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Windley, P. and Scheidt, R. 1980. The well-being of older persons in small rural towns, Educational Gerontology: 353373.Google Scholar
Windley, Paul G. 1983. Community services in small rural towns: patterns of use by older residents. The Gerontologist, 23 2: 108184.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wister, Andrew V. and Burch, Thomas K. 1983. Fertility and household status of older women in Canada 1971. Canadian Studies in Population, 10, 113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar