Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T05:24:50.025Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Note de recherche. L’effet Westminster : les cibles et les stratégies de lobbying dans le système parlementaire canadien

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 March 2016

Maxime Boucher
Maxime Boucher*
Affiliation:
Département de science politique, Université de Montréal 1
*
Département de science politique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, 3150, rue Jean-Brillant, Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This research note tests the hypothesis that lobbying activities in Canada are primarily aimed at the members of the executive branch. It uses the data of the Canadian lobbying registry to measure the number of contacts between lobbyists and public office holders between the summer of 2008 and the summer of 2013. The results indicate that the majority of lobbying activities are aimed at the executive branch. However, it appears that the House of Commons is one of the most popular targets of lobbying activities. In fact, empirical evidence shows that numerous lobbying organizations are engaged in integrated strategies that consider both the legislative and executive institutions.

Résumé

Cette note de recherche examine l'hypothèse selon laquelle les lobbies canadiens s'adressent principalement aux membres des institutions exécutives en raison des particularités du système parlementaire. Elle propose un examen du registre des lobbyistes qui mesure la fréquence des entretiens entre les lobbies et les fonctionnaires et politiciens canadiens entre l'été 2008 et l'été 2013. Cet exercice d'analyse systématique apporte une connaissance plus précise des cibles de lobbying au Canada. Les résultats indiquent que la majorité des activités de lobbying sont dirigées vers l'administration publique, mais que la Chambre des communes demeure tout de même l'une des institutions les plus sollicitées par les lobbyistes. En conclusion, il apparaît que les approches qui insistent trop fortement sur le rôle structurant des institutions parlementaires traduisent mal la réalité du lobbying. Les preuves empiriques montrent que de nombreux lobbies canadiens optent pour des stratégies intégrées axées sur l'intervention auprès des membres des branches exécutive et législative.

Type
Research Article
Information
Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue canadienne de science politique , Volume 48 , Issue 4 , December 2015 , pp. 839 - 861
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Political Science Association (l'Association canadienne de science politique) and/et la Société québécoise de science politique 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Références

Amara, N., Landry, R. et Lamari, M.. 1999. « Les déterminants de l'effort de lobbying des associations au Canada ». Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue canadienne de science politique 32 (3): 471–497.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Austen-Smith, D. et Wright, J.. 1992. « Competitive lobbying for a legislator's vote ». Social Choice and Welfare 9 (3): 229–257.Google Scholar
Austen-Smith, D. et Wright, J. R.. 1994. « Counteractive Lobbying ». American Journal of Political Science 38 (1): 25–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baroni, L., Carroll, B. J., Chalmers, A. W., Marquez, L. M. M., et Rasmussen, A.. 2014. « Defining and classifying interest groups ». Interest Groups & Advocacy 3 (2): 141–159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bauer, R. A., Pool., I. S. et Dexter, L. A.. 1972 [1963]. American Business & Public Policy: The Politics of Foreign Trade. New York : Aldine Atherton.Google Scholar
Baumgartner, F. R. et Leech, B. L.. 1996. « The Multiple Ambiguities of “Counteractive Lobbying ». American Journal of Political Science 40 (2): 521–542.Google Scholar
Baumgartner, F. R. et Leech, B. L.. 2001. « Interest Niches and Policy Bandwagons: Patterns of Interest Group Involvement in National Politics ». Journal of Politics 63 (4): 1191–1213.Google Scholar
Beyers, J. (2002). « Gaining and seeking access: The European adaptation of domestic interest associations ». European Journal of Political Research 41 (5): 585–612.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beyers, J. et Braun, C.. 2014. « Ties that count: explaining interest group access to policymakers». Journal of Public Policy 34 (1): 93–121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Binderkrantz, A. S. 2005. « Interest Group Strategies: Navigating Between Privileged Access and Strategies of Pressure ». Political Studies 53 (4): 694–715.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Binderkrantz, A. S. 2008. « Different Groups, Different Strategies: How Interest Groups Pursue Their Political Ambitions ». Scandinavian Political Studies 31 (2): 173–200.Google Scholar
Binderkrantz, A. S. et Kroyer, S.. 2012. « Customizing strategy: Policy goals and interest group strategies ». Interest Groups & Advocacy 1 (1): 115–138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Binderkrantz, A. S., Christiansen, P. M. et Pedersen, H. H.. 2015. « Interest Group Access to the Bureaucracy, Parliament, and the Media ». Governance 28 (1): 95–112.Google Scholar
Boehmke, F. J., Gailmard, S. et Patty, J. W.. 2013. «Business as usual: interest group access and representation across policy-making venues ». Journal of Public Policy 33 (1): 3–33.Google Scholar
Boucher, M. et Saint-Martin, D. 2012. « Chapitre 9 : La nouvelle bureaucratie de l'intégrité : les politiques publiques d'éthique et de lobbying ». Dans L'administration contemporaine de l'État : une perspective canadienne et québécoise, dir. Pierre-P. Tremblay. Québec : PUQ.Google Scholar
Braun, C. 2012. « The Captive or the Broker? Explaining Public Agency–Interest Group Interactions ». Governance 25 (2) : 291–314.Google Scholar
Carpenter, D. P., Esterling, K. M. et Lazer, D. M. J.. 2004. « Friends, Brokers, and Transitivity: Who Informs Whom in Washington Politics? ». Journal of Politics 66 (1): 224–246.Google Scholar
Chari, R., Hogan, J. et Murphy, G.. 2010. Regulating Lobbying: A Global Comparison. Manchester : Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Culpepper, P. D. 2010. Quiet Politics and Business Power: Corporate Control in Europe and Japan. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
De Figueiredo, J. M. et Richter, B. K.. 2014. « Advancing the Empirical Research on Lobbying ». Annual Review of Political Science 17 (1): 163–185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Figueiredo, J. M., Nickerson, A. J. et Silverman, B. S.. 2009. « Integrated political strategy ». Economic Institutions of Strategy: Advances in Strategic Management 26 (1): 459–486.Google Scholar
Hall, R. et Deardoff, A. V.. 2006. « Lobbying as Legislative Subsidy ». American Political Science Review 100 (1): 69–84.Google Scholar
Heberlig, E. S. 2005. « Getting to Know You and Getting Your Vote: Lobbyists' Uncertainty and the Contacting of Legislators ». Political Research Quarterly 58 (3): 511–520.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hojnacki, M., Kimball, D. C., Baumgartner, F. R., Berry, J. M. et Leech, B. L.. 2012. « Studying organizational advocacy and influence: Reexamining interest group research ». Annual Review of Political Science 15 (1): 379–399.Google Scholar
Hojnacki, M. et Kimball, D. C.. 1998. « Organized Interests and the Decision of Whom to Lobby in Congress ». The American Political Science Review 92 (4): 775–790.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hojnacki, M. et Kimball, D. C.. 1999. « The Who and How of Organizations' Lobbying Strategies in Committee ». The Journal of Politics 61 (4): 999–1024.Google Scholar
Holman, C. 2006. « Origins, evolution and structure of the Lobbying Disclosure Act ». Public Citizen. < http://www.citizen.org/documents/LDAorigins.pdf > (consulté le 15 septembre 2015).+(consulté+le+15+septembre+2015).>Google Scholar
Holman, C. et Luneburg, W.. 2012. « Lobbying and transparency: A comparative analysis of regulatory reform ». Interest Groups & Advocacy 1 (1): 75–104.Google Scholar
Jacob, Steve, Montigny, Éric, Steben-Chabot, Joelle et Morency, Rebecca. 2013. « Les activités de lobbyisme et leur encadrement au Québec ». Cahiers de recherche électorale et parlementaire 7 (1): 1–129.Google Scholar
Jordan, A. G. et Richardson, J. J.. 1987. Government and pressure groups in Britain. Oxford : Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kernaghan, K. 1985. Public Administration in Canada: Selected Readings. London : Methuen.Google Scholar
Kollman, K. 1997. « Inviting Friends to Lobby: Interest Groups, Ideological Bias, and Congressional Committees ». American Journal of Political Science 41 (2): 519–544.Google Scholar
Kollman, K. 1998. Outside Lobbying: Public Opinion and Interest Group Strategies. Princeton : Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luneburg, W. V. 2009. « The Evolution of Federal Lobbying Regulation: Where We Are Now and Where We Should Be Going ». McGeorge Law Review 41 (1): 85–130.Google Scholar
Maloney, W. A., Jordan, G. et McLaughlin, A. M.. 1994. « Interest Groups and Public Policy: The Insider/Outsider Model Revisited ». Journal of Public Policy 14 (1): 17–38.Google Scholar
McKay, A. 2011. « The decision to lobby bureaucrats ». Public choice 147 (2): 123–138.Google Scholar
McKay, A. 2012. «Buying Policy? The Effects of Lobbyists' Resources on Their Policy Success ». Political Research Quarterly 65 (4): 908–923.Google Scholar
Montpetit, É. 2002. « Pour en finir avec le lobbying : comment les institutions canadiennes influencent l'action des groupes d'intérêts ». Politique et Sociétés 21 (3): 91–112.Google Scholar
Paltiel, K. Z. 1982. « The changing environment and role of special interest groups ». Canadian Public Administration 25 (2): 198–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pedersen, H. H., Binderkrantz, A. S. et Christiansen, P. T.. 2014. « Lobbying Across Arenas: Interest Group Involvement in the Legislative Process in Denmark ». Legislative Studies Quarterly 39 (2): 199–225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Presthus, R. 1974. « Interest Group Lobbying: Canada and the United States ». The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 413 (1): 44–57.Google Scholar
Pross, P. 1992 [1986]. Group Politics and Public Policy. Toronto : Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Rommetvedt, H., Thesen, G., Christiansen, P. M. et Nørgaard, A. S.. 2013. « Coping With Corporatism in Decline and the Revival of Parliament: Interest Group Lobbyism in Denmark and Norway, 1980–2005 ». Comparative Political Studies 46 (4): 457–485.Google Scholar
Rush, M. 1990. Parliament and Pressure Politics. Oxford : Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Saint-Martin, Denis. 2008. «The Watergate Effect, or Why is the Ethics Bar Constantly Rising?». Dans Conflict of Interest and Public Life: Cross-National Perspectives, dirs. Trost, C. et Gash, A. L.. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Sawatsky, J. 1987. The Insiders: Government, Business, and the Lobbyists. Toronto : McClelland & Stewart.Google Scholar
Schlozman, K. L. et Tierney, J. T.. 1986. Organized Interests and American Democracy. New-York : Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Seidle, F. L. 1993. Equity & Community: The Charter, Interest Advocacy and Representation. Montréal : IRPP.Google Scholar
Smith, M. C. 2005. A Civil Society?: Collective Actors in Canadian Political Life. Peterborough: Broadview Press.Google Scholar
Thomas, C. S. 2004. Research Guide to United States and International Interest Groups. Westport : Praeger.Google Scholar
Thorburn, H. G. 1985. Interest Groups in the Canadian Federal System. Toronto : University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
Van Loon, R. J. et Whittington, M. S.. 1971. The Canadian Political System: Environment, Structure and Process. Mississauga : McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Vining, A. R., Shapiro, D. M. et Borges, B.. 2005. « Building the firm's political (lobbying) strategy ». Journal of Public Affairs 5 (2): 150–175.Google Scholar
Walker, J. L. 1991. Mobilizing Interest Groups in America: Patrons, Professions, and Social Movements. Ann Arbor : University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Wilson, V. S. 1981. Canadian Public Policy and Administration: Theory and Environment. Mississauga : McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Young, L. et Everitt, J.. 2004. Advocacy Groups. Vancouver : University of British Columbia Press.Google Scholar