Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T06:40:24.638Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Politics of Intragroup Difference: First Nations' Women and the Sawridge Dispute

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 January 2006

Caroline Dick
Affiliation:
University of Western Ontario

Abstract

Abstract. Theories that emphasize shared group identities to justify and delineate the rights of minority cultural groups are problematic because they obscure the differences that exist among group members. Disputes involving cultural communities are more clearly analyzed using a politics of intragroup difference that relies on three central precepts, namely, a relational conception of difference, attention to relations of power and concern for individual autonomy. A framework based on this foundation is better able to identify the significance of socially constructed differences and better equipped to adjudicate disputes where intragroup differences are raised.

Résumé. Les théories qui mettent l'accent sur les identités de groupe partagées pour définir et justifier les droits des groupes culturels minoritaires sont problématiques car elles obscurcissent les différences qui existent entre les membres du groupe. Les conflits impliquant des communautés culturelles s'analysent plus clairement à l'aide de méthodes qui présument l'existence de différences à l'intérieur d'un même groupe et sont fondées sur trois préceptes fondamentaux, notamment une conception relationnelle des différences, la prise en compte des relations de pouvoir et la protection de l'autonomie individuelle. Un modèle basé sur ce fondement est mieux apte à cerner l'importance des différences définies par la société et à arbitrer des conflits à l'occasion desquels des différences sont soulevées à l'intérieur d'un même groupe.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© 2006 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Benhabib, Seyla. 1992. Situating the Self. New York: Routledge.
Benhabib, Seyla. 2002. The Claims of Culture: Equality and Diversity in the Global Era. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Borrows, John. 2002. Recovering Canada: The Resurgence of Indigenous Law. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Carens, Joseph H. 2000. Culture, Citizenship and Community: A Contextual Exploration of Justice as Evenhandedness. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Combahee River Collective. 1983. “The Combahee River Collective Statement.” In Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology, ed. Barbara Smith. New York: Kitchen Table: Women of Color Press.
Denis, Claude. 1996. “Rights and Spirit Dancing: Aboriginal Peoples versus the Canadian State.” In Explorations of Difference: Law, Culture, and Politics, eds. Jonathan Hart and Richard W. Bauman. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Deveaux, Monique. 2000. “Conflicting Equalities? Cultural Group Rights and Sex Equality.” Political Studies 48: 52239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duclos, Nitya. 1990. “Lessons of Difference: Feminist Theory on Cultural Diversity.” Buffalo Law Review 38: 32581.Google Scholar
Eisenberg, Avigail. 1994. “The Politics of Individual and Group Difference in Canadian Jurisprudence.” Canadian Journal of Political Science 27: 321.Google Scholar
Eisenberg, Avigail. “Diversity and Equality: Three Approaches to Cultural and Sexual Difference.” The Journal of Political Philosophy 11, no. 1 (2003): 4164.Google Scholar
Federal Court of Appeal. Sawridge Band v. Canada, [1997] 3 F.C. 580.
Federal Court Trial Division. Sawridge Band v. Canada, [1996] 1 F.C. 3.
Fiske, Jo-Anne. 1996. “The Womb is to the Nation as the Heart is to the Body: Ethnopolitical Discourses of the Canadian Indigenous Women's Movement.” Studies in Political Economy 51: 6595.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, Joyce. 1993. “Constitutionalising the Patriarchy: Aboriginal Women and Aboriginal Government.” Constitutional Forum 4: 11020.Google Scholar
Green, Joyce. 2001. “Canaries in the Mines of Citizenship: Indian Women in Canada.” Canadian Journal of Political Science 34, no. 4: 715738.Google Scholar
Hugessen, J.Reasons for Order.” Federal Court of Canada. 20 January 1999. http://decisions.fct-cf.gc.ca/fct/1999/t-66-86_4.shtml (June 30, 2005).
Hugessen, J. Sawridge Band v. Canada, 2003 F.C.T. 347. http://decisions.fct-cf.gc.ca/fct/2003/2003fct347.shtml (June 30, 2005).
Jamieson, Kathleen. 1986. “Sex Discrimination and the Indian Act.” In Arduous Journey: Canadian Indians and Decolonization, ed. J. Rick Ponting. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart.
Kymlicka, Will. 1989. Liberalism, Community and Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kymlicka, Will. 1995. Multicultural Citizenship. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Merry, Sally Engle. 1995. “Resistance and the Cultural Power of Law.” Law and Society Review 29: 1126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Minow, Martha. 1990. Making All the Difference. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Monture-Angus, Patricia. 1999. Journeying Forward: Dreaming First Nations' Independence. Halifax: Fernwood Publishing.
Narayan, Uma. 1997. Dislocating Cultures: Identities, Traditions and Third World Feminism. New York: Routledge.
Native Council of Canada (Alberta). 2000. “Statement of Intervention of the Native Council of Canada (Alberta).” In “Responding Motion Record of the Plaintiffs Regarding NCC and NCCA Motion for Leave to File Evidence.” 2003. File T-66-86A. Document 1178. Federal Court of Canada.
Native Women's Association of Canada. 1997. “Memorandum of Fact and Law of the Intervener Native Women's Association of Canada.” File T-66-86A. Document 796. Federal Court of Canada.
Native Women's Association of Canada. 2003. “Memorandum of Argument and Brief of Authorities of the Intervener—Native Women's Association of Canada (On the Motion of Her Majesty the Queen for Injunctive Relief).” File T-66-86A. Document 1186. Federal Court of Canada.
Nedelsky, Jennifer. 1989. “Reconceiving Autonomy.” Yale Journal of Law and Feminism 1: 736.Google Scholar
Non-Status Indian Association of Alberta. 1994. “Memorandum of Fact and Law of the Intervener Non-Status Indian Association of Alberta.” http://www.usask.ca/nativelaw/factums/view.php?id=35 (June 30, 2005).
Sanders, Douglas. 1985. “The Renewal of Indian Special Status.” In Equality Rights and The Charter of Rights and Freedoms, eds. Anne F. Bayefsky and Mary Eberts. Toronto: Carswell.
Sawridge Indian Band. 1985. “Membership Code.” File T-66-86A. Document 1175. Federal Court of Canada.
Sawridge Indian Band. 1998. “Fresh as Amended Statement of Claim.” In “Responding Motion Record of the Plaintiffs Regarding NCC and NCCA Motion for Leave to File Evidence.” 2003. File T-66-86A. Document 1178. Federal Court of Canada.
Sawridge Indian Band. 2003. “Memorandum of Fact and Law of the Plaintiffs in Response to Crown's Motion for Interim Relief.” File T-66-86A. Document 1192. Federal Court of Canada.
Sawridge Indian Band, Ermineskin Indian Band and Sarcee Indian Band. 1994. “Plaintiffs' Statement of Fact and Law.” File T-66-86A. Document 613. Federal Court of Canada.
Shachar, Ayelet. 2001. Multicultural Jurisdictions: Cultural Difference and Women's Rights. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Silman, Janet. 1987. Enough is Enough: Aboriginal Women Speak Out. Toronto: The Women's Press.
Supreme Court of Canada. Mitchell v. M.N.R., [2001] 1 S.C.R. 911.
Supreme Court of Canada. R. v. Sparrow, [1990] 3 C.N.L.R. 160.
Supreme Court of Canada. R. v. Van der Peet, [1996] 4 C.N.L.R. 177.
Taylor, Charles. 1994. “The Politics of Recognition.” In Multiculturalism: Examining the Politics of Recognition, ed. Amy Gutmann. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Turpel, Mary Ellen. 1993. “Patriarchy and Paternalism: The Legacy of the Canadian State for First Nations Women.” Canadian Journal of Women and the Law 6: 17492.Google Scholar