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29 US “mismanagement” of the international economy has been highlighted by, inter alia, Gilpin, Robert, The Political Economy of International Relations, 345Google Scholar, and Strange, Susan, “The Future of the American Empire,” Journal of International Affairs 42 (1988), 12–14Google Scholar. One American observer has gone so far as to describe the US as the bully boy of world trade (see Niskanen, William, “The Bully of World Trade,” Orbis 33 [1989], 531–538).Google Scholar

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35 For a fuller discussion of this coalitional diplomacy, see Higgott, Richard A. and Cooper, Andrew Fenton, “Middle Power Leadership and Coalition Building: Australia, the Cairns Group, and the Uruguay Round of Trade Negotiations,” International Organization 44 (1990), 589–632CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

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39 Dullforce, William, “How Australia Operates in GATT,” Financial Times (London), December 7, 1988, 7Google Scholar. Oxley had been labelled as an old Labor party “stooge” when his appointment was made (Australia, House of Representatives, Debates, April 29, 1986). For an illuminating portait of this diplomatic activity see Oxley, Alan, The Challenge of Free Trade (New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1990).Google Scholar

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44 See, for example, Kohut, John, “Agricultural Group Backs Canadian Bid to Seek Freer Trade at Venice Summit,” Globe and Mail, May 23, 1987, B6Google Scholar, and Ryan, Leo, “Canada Targets Farm Trade War as Top Priority,” Journal of Commerce, May 26, 1987, 24Google Scholar. Even in terms of G-7 summitry, though, the Australian presence was felt. Prime Minister Hawke was in the United States at the same time as the Toronto Summit was taking place. He used the opportunity to phone Prime Minister Mulroney, and to give a speech on the agricultural trade issue in Chicago (see Winnipeg, Free Press, June 19, 1988, 4Google Scholar).

45 Compare Government of Australia, “Illustrative Elements of Commitments to Reduce Support as Part of First Steps to Long-Term Reform,” No. MTN, ENG/NES/W/70/Rev. 1, GATT, July 13, 1988, and Government of Canada, “Proposal by Canada Regarding the Multilateral Trade Negotiations in Agriculture,” No. MTN. ENG/NEE/NE5/W/19, GATT, October 20, 1987, 1.

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52 “Australia Declines to Join War Games with United States,” The New York Times, August 19, 1986, A13. For a fuller discussion on these forms of linkage, see Higgott, Richard A., The Evolving World Economy: Some Alternative Security Questions for Australia (Canberra: Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, Australian National University, 1989)Google Scholar.

53 For a good discussion of the Canadian diplomacy regarding the EC, see Granatstein, J. L. and Bothwell, Robert, Pirouette: Pierre Trudeau and Canadian Foreign Policy (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990), chap. 6Google Scholar. On the overall Canadian response to the British move into the Community see Eayrs, James, “ ‘Calm Benignity’ to UK's Euromart Bid,” Toronto Daily Star, June 14, 1971Google Scholar.

54 See, for example, Cooper, Andrew Fenton, “Playing by New Rules: Allan Gotlieb, Public Diplomacy, and the Management of Canada-US Relations,” Fletcher Forum of World Affairs 14 (1990), 93–109Google Scholar.

55 See, for example, Sallot, Jeff, “With Friends Like These,” Globe and Mail, November 21, 1987, D2Google Scholar.

56 For a discussion of Australian agricultural trade policy as a two-level game, see Cooper, Andrew Fenton, “Australia: Domestic Political Management and International Trade Reform,” in Skogstad, Grace and Cooper, Andrew Fenton, eds., Agricultural Trade: Domestic Pressures and International Tensions (Halifax: Institute for Research on Public Policy, 1990), 111–133Google Scholar.

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